Risk Factors For Domestic Violence Research Articles

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence against Iranian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BackgroundViolence against women in families is the most common form of violence against them. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of domestic violence and its effects on married women of Ilam.MethodsIn this descriptive-sectional research, 334 married women referred to medical health centers in Ilam were selected to participate using a random sampling method. After obtaining their consent to participate in the study, participants responded to a 46 items questionnaire and responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsThe majority of the participants reported experiencing domestic violence and emotional violence was more prevalent than other kinds of violence. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower education level, marriage at a younger age, shorter duration of marriage, fewer children, being a housewife, and husband's unemployment had a significant relationship with domestic violence against women.ConclusionThe high prevalence of wife abuse in Ilam especially emotional violence due to lower education levels and marriage at younger age could be a serious threat for women's health as well as for other members of the family. This could be a grounding factor for other social harms such as suicide and this issue must be studied from legal, religious, and cultural standpoints.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women by Their Husbands in Iran.

Objective:Domestic violence against women is a health problem. Research on domestic violence in order to clarify the relationship between the different forms of violence and health outcomes is needed. This study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors of domestic violence in women. It also assessed the association between risk factors and psychological, physical, and sexual violence against women by their intimate partners.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was done on married women 16–80 years of age living in jahrom south of Iran between August 2013 and December 2014. This research was implemented through questionnaires including the demographic characteristic. The form of partner violence including emotional abuse, physical violence and sexual violence was assessed with a validated questionnaire. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the association between violence and factors.Results:The prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional domestic violence was respectively 16.4%, 18.6% and 44.4%.and was associated with Age (p=0.002), Husband’s Age (p=0.001), Length of marriage (p=0.002), Woman’s low educational level women’s education (OR=4.67 95%. CI=1.97-11.07), husband’s low education (OR=9.22 95%. CI=0.69-12.16), were the most important risk factors for violence.Conclusion:Prevalence of physical, emotional or sexual violence was very high. Men’s violence against women in intimate relationships is commonly occurring in Iran. Considering the factors contributing to violence against women, raising the level of education of men and women is one of the ways to prevent violence.

The Lived Experience of Domestic Violence in Iranian HIV-Infected Women.

Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent problems linked to HIV. Domestic violence in HIV-infected women has not been sufficiently explored, particularly in developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to explore the lived experience of domestic violence in Iranian HIV-infected women. A qualitative approach was used to conduct the study. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with ten HIV-infected women and were analyzed using content analysis. During the data analysis, four main themes emerged including, “regretful past”, “disappointing future”, “loneliness”, and “no other option”, which refer to the condition that the participants experienced in their lives due to challenges that mainly stem from the experience of HIV-related domestic violence. HIV infection can be a risk factor for domestic violence. Health care providers need to address domestic violence during the assessment of HIV-infected women and make appropriate referrals for abused women.

Prediction of domestic violence against married women in southwestern Turkey

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of, and independent risk factors for various domestic violence categories among married women of reproductive age in southwestern Turkey. MethodsThe present cross-sectional study included 260 randomly selected women registered to a family physician in the district of Gönen, Isparta. During home visits between October 1 and December 31, 2012, the women completed a questionnaire that included between four and eight questions for each violence category (physical, verbal, economic, emotional, and sexual) to assess the lifetime presence of domestic violence. Logistic regression models with backward elimination were constructed to define independent risk factors for domestic violence. ResultsIn total, 176 (67.7%) women reported any type of domestic violence at least once in their lifetime. Verbal/psychological abuse was the most frequent type (reported by 121 [46.5%] women). Living in a village, young age (19–29 years) of the husband, adolescent age (<19years) of the husband at marriage, and problem alcohol use or problem gambling in the partner were independent predictors of domestic violence. ConclusionAttention should be given to area of residence, age of both partners at marriage, adolescent marriage, and husband characteristics during screening for domestic violence.

Mental health and psychiatric care in Bolivia: what do we know?

BackgroundRecently Bolivia has implemented a universal health system, but their mental health policy is still emerging.ObjectivesTo investigate the current state of the mental health care system in Bolivia and discuss challenges for structuring a coordinated network of services that can effectively meet the needs of the Bolivian population.MethodsThis review was conducted by searching for scholarly articles through the databases Lilacs, Medline OPS, HISA and IBECS REPIDISCA via the search portal in the Virtual Health Library - NLM (http://www.bireme.br).ResultsBolivia has a National Mental Health Plan that is intended to guide mental health promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of mental illness, but the resources for this area of health are limited. There are 1.06 psychiatrists and 0.46 psychologists per 100, 000 inhabitants. Information on psychiatric morbidity in Bolivia and the impact of mental disorders on the global burden of disease is scarce. Admission statistics reported by psychiatric hospitals in the country show that the main cause of hospitalization is substance abuse (30%). Alcohol consumption is responsible for 90% of these admissions, in addition to being a major cause of deaths in traffic and one of the main risk factors for domestic violence. Almost one in two women in Bolivia (47%) experienced some form of violence from their partner in the last year. Nineteen percent of women living with a partner reported being physically abused, while 7% were sexually abused by their partners. Isolated studies report that suicide rates are disproportionately high in Bolivia.ConclusionsAlthough there is a shortage of epidemiological data in Bolivia, it is clear the impact of alcohol addiction in psychiatric admissions, domestic violence and traffic accidents. Violence against women and suicides are important issues to be tackled. Among the proposed strategies to afford human resources for mental health in Bolivia, “task shifting”, the delegation of tasks to non-specialists should be extensively adopted in the country to improve mental health care.

Prevalence and Predictors of Domestic Violence in a Military Urogynecology Clinic

INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence is common, with a lifetime prevalence of 9-29%. Violence is associated with poor health and may be more common in military populations. A history of abuse is also common in patients with pain, urinary or bowel symptoms, and dyspareunia. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence and predictors of abuse in a military urogynecology clinic. METHODS: Patients presenting to a military urogynecology clinic were screened for domestic violence with the four-item Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream screen. Patients' abuse history, reason for visit, and risk factors for domestic violence were assessed. χ and Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables. RESULTS: Of 142 surveys, only four (2.8%) indicated a positive Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream screen (score of 10 or greater on a scale of 4-20). However, 39 (27.5%) responded positively to at least one item. These individuals were significantly more likely to have a history of physical abuse or abuse in their families with at least one positive response in 45.4% of patients with a history of family abuse compared with 20.8% of patients without this history (P=.007). Sixty percent of individuals with a history of physical abuse had a positive response compared with 24.6% of individuals without (P=.025). Race, education, marital status, and employment showed no association with a positive Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream response. CONCLUSIONS: Abuse in military urogynecology patients did not appear greater than the civilian setting; however, many patients reported experiencing verbal and physical aggression within the past year. These women may be at increased risk for violence, and continued screening is important. Language: en

A cross-sectional study to find out the prevalence of different types of domestic violence in Gwalior city and to identify the various risk and protective factors for domestic violence

Background:Violence against women is a universal phenomenon that persists in all communities and in all countries of the world and the perpetrator of that violence is often well-known to the victim. Domestic violence in particular continues to be frighteningly common and well-accepted as “normal” within too many societies.Objectives:(1) The primary aim of this study is to find out the extent of different type of domestic violence and to identify various risk factors for domestic violence against married women. (2) The secondary aim is to identify the various protective factors of domestic violence against married women.Materials and Methods:The present study was a population based cross-sectional study carried out in the urban area of Gwalior city for a period of one year. Stratified random sampling technique was used for the selection of the samples. The study participants were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Proportion, Pearson's, chi-square test and odds ratio were calculated for the analysis of the study.Result:Of the 144 study participants, 68 participants reported some form of domestic violence, which was either physical, sexual or emotional. The most common type of violence reported was physical violence. The most important risk factor for domestic violence was alcoholism followed by literacy status. Majority of the abused women were dependent on their husbands for money, material assets and expenditure.Conclusion:The study hereby recommends that to prevent domestic violence government has to take stringent action for making women more self-reliant especially by making the women more literate and more financially independent.

Study of intimate partner violence against women in an urban locality of Pune

Context: Intimate partner violence against women has an adverse effect on the health of women. Aims: To estimate the proportion of physical, emotional, economical and sexual violence against women by the husband (intimate partner) and to identify factors that may put women at risk of violence by their husbands. Setting and Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A convenience consecutive sample of 369 married women (18-49 years age) attending the Out Patient Department (OPD) of the Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) of a Medical College in Pune was interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi square test and Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to identify the risk factors. Results: Almost half of the study sample had experienced some form of violence. The associated factors with intimate partner violence were drinking alcohol by husband (OR = 4.54, 95% CI = 2.52, 8.18, P < 0.001), aggressive nature of husband (OR = 11.81, 95% CI = 3.53, 39.47, P < 0.001) and family history of domestic violence (OR = 11.0, 95% CI = 3.83, 31.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Intimate partner violence was high in our study. Risk factors for domestic violence were alcohol use by husband, aggressive nature of husband and family history of domestic violence.

Risk factors of domestic violence in Iran.

Objectives. In this study, we have evaluated the lifetime and past-year prevalence of exposure to physical violence among married women in the city of Tehran and urban and rural areas of Hashtgerd. Methods. The target population were noninstitutionalized female citizens, aged 15 years or older, who have at least one history of marriage and who resided in the capital city of Tehran or Hashtgerd County from the summer of 2008 to fall of 2010. We used a multistage sampling method. Tehran's District Six, a central district in Tehran, was selected as a representative cluster of all municipal districts in Tehran. A total of fifty blocks were randomly selected from this district, from which 1,000 married women aged 15 years or older were interviewed using a cross-sectional design. Data was gathered face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence, past-year prevalence, and related factors of domestic violence were measured. SPSS version 11.5 was used for the analyses. Results. Figures for lifetime prevalence and past-year prevalence were measured to be 38.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The independent effects of marital status and location and type of residency for women, along with education and smoking habits of their spouses, were statistically significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion. Domestic violence is a public health concern in Iran. Based on our findings, we propose that empowering women through education, and improving their ability to find employment and income, along with increasing public awareness of human rights issues through education could lower the prevalence of domestic violence.

Prevalence of and risk factors for domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria

Violence against women is defined as any act of gender-based violence that results in any kind of harm or suffering to women and has negative emotional and physical impacts on women’s health. According to studies from several parts of the world the prevalence of domestic violence varies widely. In low-resource countries studies conducted reveal a prevalence of 4%-29% while local studies from various parts of Nigeria have reported values ranging from 11%-59%. The aim of this present study was to determine the prevalence of and the risk factors for domestic violence among patients receiving prenatal care at a teaching hospital in south-western Nigeria. Using a modified WHO questionnaire to assess the occurrence and pattern of domestic violence findings affirmed that domestic violence before pregnancy is a risk factor for domestic violence during pregnancy. The findings indicate that domestic violence is prevalent in the obstetric population of southwestern Nigeria. Screening for violence should become a component of comprehensive maternity care in addition to rehabilitation for women and behavioral counseling for their spouses. [excerpt] Copyright © 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Häusliche Gewalt bei Frauen einer Kriseninterventionspopulation - Formen der Gewalt und Risikofaktoren

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Domestic violence is common and can lead to severe physical and psychological problems. Thus, we have investigated the frequency of occurrence, forms and risk factors of domestic violence against female patients on a crisis intervention ward. 115 women were screened with the "screening spouse violence" (SPG) and the "index of spouse abuse" (ISA). The life time prevalence concerning spouse violence was 70 %. Out of 74 women who were currently living in a relationship 28 (38 % )were victims of violence in the last 12 months prior to their admission. Women who experienced violence had a significantly lower level of education. Screening for domestic violence in female patients in the field of crisis intervention and psychiatry should become a standard of "good clinical practice".

Validity and Reliability of the Malay Version of WHO Women’s Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire

The Women's Health and Life Experiences questionnaire measures the prevalence, health implications, and risk factors for domestic violence. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Malay version of World Health Organization (WHO) Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. Construct validity and reliability assessment of the Malay version of the questionnaire was done on 20 specific items that measure four types of intimate partner violence (IPV) act; controlling behaviors (CB), emotional violence (EV), physical violence (PV), and sexual violence (SV), which were considered as the domains of interest. Face-to-face interviewing method was used for data collection. A total of 922 women completed the interviews. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis of four factors with eigenvalues above 1 accounted for 63.83% of the variance. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that all items loaded above 0.40 and the majority of items loaded on factors that were generally consistent with the proposed construct. The internal consistency reliability was good. The Cronbach's α values ranged from 0.767 to 0.858 across domains. The Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of women's health and experiences of IPV in Malaysia.

Risk Factors for Domestic Violence During Pregnancy: A Meta-Analytic Review

This article presents the results of a meta-analysis of the existing research literature, in an effort to increase our understanding of the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among pregnant women, and of risk factors associated with DV during pregnancy. Across 92 independent studies, the average reported prevalence of emotional abuse was 28.4%, physical abuse was 13.8%, and sexual abuse was 8.0%. Composite odds ratio effect sizes were calculated for the demographic, behavioral, and social risk factors identified by 55 independent studies. Both victimization and perpetration risk factors were analyzed. Abuse before pregnancy and lower education level were found to be strong predictors of abuse during pregnancy. Pregnancy being unintended by either the victim or the perpetrator, lower socioeconomic status, and being unmarried were found to be moderate predictors of abuse during pregnancy.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Northern Nigeria

Many women experience domestic violence during pregnancy. The magnitude and risk factors for domestic violence during pregnancy are not well documented in many countries, including Nigeria. Using interviewer- administered questionnaires the authors investigated predictors of domestic violence during current pregnancy among women presenting for antenatal care at a tertiary care facility in northern Nigeria (n = 400). A total of 29 of 392 respondents (7.4%) experienced domestic violence during the current pregnancy. Of those who experienced violence, the majority (58.6%) reported being physically assaulted. Sexual violence was reported by only 4 respondents (13.8%). Financial and domestic issues were the major triggers of domestic violence. After adjusting for potential confounders, it was found that victims' educational attainment and occupation remained significant predictors of domestic violence. Higher educational attainment of women and their engagement in economic activity outside the home were associated with a decreased risk for domestic violence. There is a need for preventive, protective, and redress mechanisms to guard against domestic violence in Nigeria.

Domestic Violence in India

This article assesses the prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence in India. The study uses the 2005-2006 India National Family Health Survey-III (NFHS-III) and focuses on the 69,484 ever-married women ages 15 to 49 from all regions, who were administered the domestic violence module. The results show that 31% of respondents experienced physical violence in the past 12 months before the survey; the corresponding figure for sexual violence was 8.3%. The multivariate logistic regression results show key determinants of physical and sexual violence. Some of the most salient findings are that urban residence, household wealth, affiliation with Christian religious denominations, wife's age at marriage and education are associated with lower risk of physical and sexual violence. In contrast, being employed and being the wife of a man who drank alcohol increased the odds of experiencing both physical and sexual violence. Moreover, respondents who believed that wife-beating was justified under certain circumstances were more likely to experience domestic violence. These results and significant regional differences observed in this study suggest that gender role conditioning and cultural norms both contribute to domestic violence. Interventions, therefore, need to go beyond the institutional and legal levels to include cultural capital, which addresses partner and relationship issues.

Risk Factors for Domestic Violence in Curacao

One out of three people (25% of men, 38% of women) in Curacao have experienced some form of domestic violence at some point in their adult lives. The most significant risk factors for domestic violence in Curacao are the female gender, a young age, low education, and experiencing domestic violence victimization in childhood. Divorce, single parenthood, and unemployment increase the risk for women, but not for men. These findings are consistent with current literature on the subject. Further research on the context, nature, and severity of domestic violence in the Caribbean is necessary. Studies should preferably combine the strengths of national crime surveys and family conflict studies: nationally representative samples (including men and women) and questionnaires that include all possible experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual assaults by current and former partners, family, and friends.

A literature review seeks to determine whether bullying is a risk factor for domestic violence. Do you think that bullying and domestic violence are on a continuum?

A literature review seeks to determine whether bullying is a risk factor for domestic violence. Do you think that bullying and domestic violence are on a continuum?

Domestic violence among women living with HIV/AIDS in Kano, Northern Nigeria.

Despite the increased risk of domestic violence among women living with HIV/AIDS, its burden has not been adequately explored in many developing countries including Nigeria. Using interviewer administered questionnaires we assessed the prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among 300 HIV seropositive women attending a teaching hospital in northern Nigeria. Participants have been diagnosed HIV positive for an average of 6.7 years; 66.3% were seroconcordant with their intimate partners while 16.3% were serodiscordant, the rest 17.4% did not know the partner's status; 67.1% had disclosed their status to their partners; and 64(22.1%) [95% CI (17.5% to 27.4%)] had experienced domestic violence following HIV diagnosis. Specifically, 30.0% (n = 19) experienced physical violence (slapping, kicking and punching), 59.3% (n = 38) reported verbal violence (insults, threats) and 10.7% (n = 7) endured emotional violence. None was sexually assaulted. Predictors of domestic violence were the woman's age, marital status, disclosure and partner's educational status. This calls for urgent steps and strategies for prevention, protection and post-test counseling on disclosure to avert this human right infringement.

O2-3.2 Domestic violence against women in Alexandria, Egypt: a developing country perspective

<h3></h3> Domestic violence is the most common form of gender-based violence, considered a major contributor to physical and mental ill health of women. This study aimed at assessing prevalence and risk factors of domestic violence against married working women in Alexandria, Egypt. <h3>Methods</h3> A cross sectional study was conducted among 400 married working women attending Health Insurance Clinics in Alexandria, using a modified FVPF questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> Overall prevalence of domestic violence was 67%, where psychological abuse was most common (48%) followed by physical violence (40%), sexual abuse (38%), financial abuse (30%). Out of the following studied significant factors (wife education, husband education, number of childern in the family, number of daughters in the family, positive history of cirumcision, wife9s exposure to physical violence during childhood, mother9s wife exposure to domestic violence, alcoholic husband, drug misuser husband, husband9s exposure to physical violence during childhood, easily tempered, depressed/frustrated, jealous husband, husband9s corrupt freinds, psychologically ill and introvert husband), only 4 were found to be positively and significantly related to domestic violence in stepwise logestic regression namely:husband9s exposure to physical violence during childhood (OR 6.1); depressed/frustrated (OR 3.5); positive history of cirumcision (OR 3.2); number of daughters in the family (OR 2.1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Domestic violence against women is an important neglected public health problem in the Egyptian community that needs multidisciplinary approach to understand its causes and plan effective preventive measures. Healthcare providers can play a crucial role in addressing and treating victims of domestic violence.

Chemical dependency as a risk factor for domestic violence against women

Problem: Domestic violence against women affects their health as a whole. Nurses should be qualified not only to recognize such violence but also care for women affected by it and also identify the risk factors that may trigger it aiming its prevention. Objective: To identify risk factors that trigger domestic violence. Method: This exploratory qualitative study was conducted in a Shelter Facility in Curitiba, PR, Brazil from December 2010 to February 2011 with eight women. Data were collected through recorded semi-structured interviews and the following theme emerged from thematic content analysis: Chemical dependency as risk factor for domestic violence. Results and Discussion: Alcohol or crack addiction of these women’s partners was a risk factor that triggered domestic violence both physical and against property, affected basic human needs, generated fear and disrupted family relationships, which made them to abandon their partners and seek the shelter facility. Final Considerations: The availability of a nurse in this facility is essential because the violence perpetrated against these women affected them in multidimensional terms, which requires the implementation of both technical and expressive care actions related to their subjectivity so to prevent diseases, promote health, and improve quality of life.