Risk Assessment Technology Research Articles

Integration frameworks and intelligent research in dynamic fault tree: A comprehensive review and future perspectives

AbstractDynamic fault tree (DFT) is designed to conduct risk assessment studies of complex systems. With the development of intelligent and network technology, risk assessment technology faces a leap forward development. The requirements for improving system safety are being recognized. On the one hand, research on DFT is exploring the integration with different methods. On the other hand, DFT method becomes more intelligent. The purpose of this paper is to identify the feasibility and effectiveness of different integration frameworks. To achieve this goal, a suitable review process is proposed. This paper comprehensively reviews and proposes future perspective the research status of intellectualization in DFT, and focuses on the different types of integration framework of DFT, modeling technology and algorithm optimization, and the support of computer‐aided analysis. Theoretical contributions, frameworks features, and the development process of computer intelligent analysis in the scientific and technical literature are carefully reviewed. Finally, the challenges in future research are summarized to promote the development of intelligent evaluation.

Risk Assessment Technology on the Application of Admission of New Students in High School

The rapid development of technology makes almost all service activities use information technology, including service activities in schools. One of the services provided by the school is to facilitate prospective students who are interested in registering as new students at school by building an open source-based new student registration application so that prospective students can register anywhere without having to come to school directly. The use of this application has several technological obstacles such as the system being locked due to being hacked by hackers, phishing, attacks from viruses, attacks from previous people who know the security of data from a computer system, unstable computer networks that affect the operational process to be slow, and low level of computer security. The purpose of this study is to provide recommendations for controlling the risk of using information technology in new student registration applications so as to minimize future losses to schools by measuring the likelihood and impact of using computer technology. The risk assessment model uses the NIST SP 800-30r1 framework, which is used as a tool to measure how big is the threat level and the impact caused by attacks that attack the application. The NIST SP 800-30r1 framework has stages such as recognizing system characteristics, threats, vulnerabilities, analyzing system handling, determining likelihood, determining impact, risk determination, recommending control, and determining results. The results of this study were used as recommendations to minimize losses obtained by schools and as a benchmark for controlling the risk of using technology to improve the quality of schools.
 Keywords: risk assessment technology, admission, high school

Risk assessment of assisted reproductive technology and parental age at childbirth for the development of uniparental disomy-mediated imprinting disorders caused by aneuploid gametes

BackgroundOur previous study suggested that assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be a possible risk factor for the development of epimutation-mediated imprinting disorders (epi-IDs) for mothers aged ≥ 30 years. However, whether ART or advanced parental age facilitates the development of uniparental disomy-mediated IDs (UPD-IDs) has not yet been investigated.ResultsWe enrolled 130 patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs including various IDs confirmed by molecular studies and obtained ART data of the general population and patients with epi-IDs from a robust nationwide database and our previous report, respectively. We compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and maternal childbearing age between patients with UPD-IDs and the general population or patients with epi-IDs. The proportion of ART-conceived livebirths in patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs was consistent with that in the general population of maternal age ≥ 30 years and was lower than that in the patients with epi-IDs, although there was no significant difference. The maternal childbearing age of patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs was skewed to the increased ages with several cases exceeding the 97.5th percentile of maternal childbearing age of the general population and significantly higher than that of patients with epi-IDs (P < 0.001). In addition, we compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and parental age at childbirth between patients with UPD-IDs caused by aneuploid oocytes (oUPD-IDs) and that by aneuploid sperm (sUPD-IDs). Almost all ART-conceived livebirths were identified in patients with oUPD-IDs, and both maternal age and paternal age at childbirth were significantly higher in patients with oUPD-IDs than in patients with sUPD-IDs. Because maternal age and paternal age were strongly correlated (rs = 0.637, P < 0.001), higher paternal age in oUPD-IDs was explained by the higher maternal age in this group.ConclusionsDifferent from the case of epi-IDs, ART itself is not likely to facilitate the development of aneuploid UPD-IDs. We demonstrated that advanced maternal age can be a risk factor for the development of aneuploid UPD-IDs, particularly oUPD-IDs.

Key Technologies of Marine Environment Safety

An increasing number of marine disasters and maritime accidents occurred frequently in coastal area of China which lead to giant loss of life and property in recent years. In response to those disasters and accidents, China had put enormous effort into ocean observation, disaster prediction and forecasting, risk assessment and informationization, which lead to the preliminary improvement on safety capability of marine environment. In this paper, China’s marine environment safety situation are analyzed for concluding the insufficient research on Multi-source Information Aggregation, Assistant Decision-Making, Emergency Dispatching and relevant informationization. Hence plenty of key technologies as Multi-source Information Aggregation and Fusion, Dynamic Risk Assessment, Scenario Deduction, Command Coordination and Information Platform Construction Technology are also analyzed for feasible implementation mean and possible development direction..

Voltage Optimization Control and Risk Assessment Technology for High-proportion Distributed Photovoltaic Access to Distribution Network

The high proportion of distributed photovoltaic connected to the distribution network will lead to an increase in terminal voltage and network loss, which will not only generate many adverse effects on the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network but also easily lead to power supply disconnection and power supply interruption accidents caused by voltage out of limit. At present, the voltage control of the distribution network does not fully consider the regulation characteristics of the photovoltaic inverter itself and ignores the impact of different control methods on the distribution network security risk management and control. Therefore, this paper establishes a voltage closed-loop control model for high-proportion distributed photovoltaic access to the distribution network and proposes a real-time active voltage optimization control strategy with the goal of minimizing the deviation of the actual operation state of the distribution network from the scheduling plan. Finally, a typical industrial park is taken as a case for calculation and analysis. The results show that using real-time data to formulate a real-time voltage optimization control strategy can not only ensure the economic operation of each voltage regulating unit in the distribution network but also reduce operational risks. The control method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for improving the voltage control level of distributed photovoltaic access distribution network and fully guarantees the operation reliability of the entire distribution network.

A novel failure mode and effect analysis method with spherical fuzzy entropy and spherical fuzzy weight correlation coefficient

As a proactive reliability analysis technique, the purpose of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) is the detection of all failures and their effects within a system, and the determination of the causes of these failures. However, the traditional FMEA method shows some important drawbacks regarding failure mode evaluations, risk factor weights and risk priority ranking, etc. This paper aims to develop a novel FMEA to improve the performance of FMEA by using spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) and spherical fuzzy weight correlation coefficient (SF-WCC). The method mainly includes three stages. The SFS is applied to capture risk evaluation information because it comprehensively considers the information expression in different scenarios in the first stage. A spherical fuzzy projection model is introduced to calculate the expert weights objectively for reducing the information difference caused by experience, psychology and other cognitive factors of experts in the second stage. Meanwhile, the spherical fuzzy entropy is defined to determine the incomplete weights of risk factors by constructing an optimization model in the second stage. The SF-WCC is proposed to prioritize the failure modes to avoid the prioritization controversy of failure modes by using different distance formulas in the third stage. In the experiment, a practical example is presented to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method, and results show that the proposed approach offers a reliable tool for practical FMEA problems. The conclusion is that the proposed method is applicable to multiple actual scenarios as a reliable risk assessment technology.

Climate-Smart Pest Management in Sustainable Agriculture: Promises and Challenges

Sustainable development in global and regional contexts has become mandatory to prevent the potential adverse effects of human activities on the environment. While agricultural activities stand as the leading source of degradation and pollution in ecosystems, climate changes are among the most important challenges facing agricultural productivity. Climate-smart agriculture involves farming methods and strategies adopted for the early diagnosis and management of climate crisis drawbacks. Changing climatic conditions affect plant health either through abiotic or biotic factors that influence diverse disease scenarios on a wide range of crops. Therefore, disease management under the concerns of climate change is considered the cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. The climate-smart pest management (CSPM) concept and its role in supporting sustainable agricultural development, particularly the effect of weather changes on phytosanitary issues, are reviewed in this article. Problems in implementation and difficulties in decision-making are among the main challenges facing CSPM, which still has both technological and coordination shortcomings to overcome. Intensifying collaborative activities in scientific and technological research, risk assessment, and surveillance may enhance the current efficiency of CSPM in terms of preserving the sustainable development of agricultural systems. More efforts for capacity building are also needed in developing countries to promote the implementation and adoption of CSPM.

Abstract P6-03-01: The MERIT Cohort: An MD Anderson Initiative to Integrate Blood and Imaging Biomarkers to Personalize Breast Cancer Risk

Abstract Background: The MERIT cohort (Mammography, Early Detection, Risk Assessment, and Imaging Technologies, 2017-present) has enrolled women receiving annual screening mammograms (MG) at MD Anderson with a primary goal to integrate clinical data and imaging data with blood biomarker profiles to determine risk of developing breast and other cancers. Here we report interim results for breast cancers among post-menopausal women in the cohort categorized based on breast density and BMI and differences between participants who underwent MRI/MG screening vs standard annual MG screening. Methods: The study annually collects comprehensive health measurements, questionnaire information, imaging data, and blood specimens. Plasma is processed and frozen within 4 hours of collection (draw-to-freezer, &amp;gt;500,000 aliquots to date) for biomarker research. Part of the cohort also has MRI screening every 6 months alternating with standard mammography (MRI/MG). BI-RADS breast density was determined by radiologist scoring using the baseline mammogram. Self-reported post-menopausal status (12 months without a menstrual period) was used to classify participants. When not available, those participants older than 50 years were classified as post-menopausal. Results: 4,392 of the 6,222 eligible subjects from MERIT were post-menopausal and included in the analyses. The average follow up was 2.4 mammograms per participant. MRI/MG screening was used for 385 (8.8%) participants who were more likely to be younger (59.6 vs 62.1 years, P&amp;lt; 0.01), have lower BMI (27.9 vs 28.6, P = 0.02) and dense breasts (64% vs 50%, P&amp;lt; 0.01). The rates of breast cancer were overall higher for those screened by MRI/MG vs standard MG (13.9 vs 6.9 cases per 1,000 mammograms). A total of 79 breast cancers (7.6 cases per 1,000 mammograms) were diagnosed with the highest rate of breast cancers in high BMI participants with dense breasts (see table). A blood-based biomarker profile for risk of breast cancer with high BMI was developed using matched pre-diagnostic plasma by mass spectrometry metabolomic analyses. Conclusions: The MERIT cohort has a higher-than-average rate of breast cancers, in part explained by a high-risk MRI/MG screening group. High BMI and dense breasts were generally associated with higher rates of breast cancer. The differences in the rates of breast cancer incidence for the high BMI group between non dense and dense breasts is likely understated for the standard mammogram group because of the lower sensitivity of mammography in dense breasts. Interestingly, the rates of breast cancers in the low BMI/non dense breast group were almost equally high as the low BMI/dense breast group, likely a result of reduced sensitivity of mammography for dense breasts. For future work, we will integrate the blood biomarker profiles with the breast density and BMI information to develop a more personalized risk model. MERIT Cohort Breast Cancers Rates of diagnosed breast cancers per 1,000 mammograms for post-menopausal women (N = 79 breast cancers)*‡P&amp;lt;0.01, †P&amp;lt;0.05, Fisher’s exact test Citation Format: Jessica Leung, Olena Weaver, Samir Hanash, Jennifer Dennison. The MERIT Cohort: An MD Anderson Initiative to Integrate Blood and Imaging Biomarkers to Personalize Breast Cancer Risk [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-03-01.

Risk Assessment of Annular Pressure Caused by Tubing Leakage in Offshore Gas Wells with High CO2

CO2 sequestration is a kind of technology that can effectively mitigate the greenhouse effect, and the wellbore integrity of the storage system is the key issue to ensure successful CCUS. Failure to timely diagnose tubing leakage in offshore gas wells with high CO2 will lead to annular pressure risk and wellbore corrosion problems. The annular pressure caused by tubing leakage is characterized by high pressure and rapid rise rate, resulting in wellhead jacking, gas leakage, and wellbore structure corrosion, which has become the main cause of wellbore integrity failure in offshore gas wells. Therefore, a model of heat and mass transfer and distribution in offshore gas wells was established firstly, and the physical process of gas leakage and accumulation was described based on the pinhole model and the principle of gas PVT characteristics and volume compatibility. The results show that the depth and equivalent size of the leakage point are two important factors affecting the pressure rise process and leakage rate. Taking case well parameters as an example, after inversion calculation, the annulus pressure in case well was 23.0 MPa, the leakage point equivalent diameter was 2.3 mm, the maximum leakage rate was 0.30 m3/min, and the wellbore safety risk is relatively high. Mechanical repair and chemical plugging agent are recommended to seal the tubing leakage. These risk assessment technologies provide reference for wellbore integrity design and management to reduce CO2 leakage risk caused by wellbore integrity failure.

Prescribing Exercise to Cancer Patients Suffering from Increased Bone Fracture Risk Due to Metastatic Bone Disease or Multiple Myeloma in Austria—An Inter- and Multidisciplinary Evaluation Measure

In the current absence of specific functional fracture risk assessment technology, the planning of physical exercise interventions for cancer patients suffering from increased bone fracture risk remains a serious clinical challenge. Until a reliable, solely technical solution is available for the clinician, fracture risk assessment remains an inter- and multidisciplinary decision to be made by various medical experts. The aim of this short paper is depicting how this challenge should be approached in the clinical reality according to Austrian experts in cancer rehabilitation, presenting the best-practice model in Austria. Following referral from the specialist responsible for the primary cancer treatment (oncologist, surgeon, etc.), the physiatrist takes on the role of rehabilitation case manager for each individual patient. Fracture risk assessment is then undertaken by specialists in radiology, orthopedics, oncology, and radiation therapy, with the result that the affected bone regions are classified as being at highly/slightly/not increased fracture risk. Following internal clearance, exercise planning is undertaken by a specialist in exercise therapy together with the physiatrist based on the individual's fracture risk assessment. In the case in which the patient shows exercise limitations due to additional musculoskeletal impairments, adjuvant physical modalities such as physiotherapy should be prescribed to increase exercisability. Exercise prescription for cancer patients suffering from increased fracture risk is an inter- and multidisciplinary team decision for each individual patient.

Urban Safety Risk Assessment Technology Based on Risk Correction

Urban Safety Risk Assessment Technology Based on Risk Correction

Risk Assessment Technologies (‘RAT’) in Criminal Justice: Time to Recognise the Legal Status of RAT?

Risk Assessment Technologies (‘RAT’) in Criminal Justice: Time to Recognise the Legal Status of RAT?

Development of the technology for diagnostic assessment of scientific, technical and financial risks of technology integration with production systems

The paper deals with the definition and measurement of scientific, technical and financial risks of technology integration in business processes. The aim of the paper is to develop the methodological tools for the diagnostic assessment of risks as a result of technology integration with production systems. Two groups of scientific methods were used in the study. The first group (the method of logic and the method of theory construction) was used to develop the technology of diagnostic risk assessment. The second group of methods is a part of the proposed technology (document analysis, expert survey, grouping and description methods, expert analytical and calculation methods, as well as the method of expected value). These methods as an objective and subjective basis of the research are aimed at providing the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the potential events that pose the scientific, technical and financial threats for technology integration in business processes. The main results of the study are the technologically related diagnostic and evaluation steps helping to determine the risks of technology integration in the industrial sector. The paper proposes the necessary tools (methods) and discusses the expected result of their use in the written form for each stage (and sub-stage) of the technology for diagnostic risk assessment.

Seismic risk assessment of a new RC-framed skin technology for integrated retrofitting interventions on existing buildings

A RC-framed-skin technology for the integrated seismic and thermal retrofitting interventions on existing buildings, recently proposed by some of the authors, is thoroughly investigated. By means of numerical analyses, its effectiveness and suitability within the framework of seismic risk class assessment is proved. The system is composed of a RC-framed structure with an external reinforced plaster layer that does not offer a structural contribution to the capacity of the system in ultimate conditions, but which can be effective by increasing the lateral stiffness in serviceability conditions. The system is realized from the outside of the existing building so guaranteeing limited invasiveness of the intervention and preventing the interruption of the building use by their occupants. An existing RC building, representative of a typical example of the Italian building stock, is analyzed as a case study, and its seismic risk class upgrade, obtained by the proposed strengthening intervention, is assessed by non-linear static analysis. The numerical models are developed within the OpenSees framework. The Expected Annual Loss (EAL) parameter, together with the Life Safety Index (LS-I), are chosen as synthetic measures that include both aspects related to Ultimate Limit state (ULS) and Serviceability Limit State (SLS) conditions. The risk class accounting for or disregarding the contribution of the external reinforced plaster are finally compared.

Product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a Tool for Environmental Management

Life Cycle Assessment, included in company environmental management methods, has particular importance in marketing management. Analysis of dangers to the environment through tools such as the LCA method allows for comparisons of alternative company management strategies. LCA is characterised as a technique for environmental management that enables environmental impact assessment of the product, process, industry, and even the comprehensive economic sector. LCA also influences decisions regarding environmental policy modification, but most importantly, it influences a company's marketing activities. The LCA technique is applied the world over with great effectiveness in studying specific phases of a product's life cycles – from 'birth to death'; however, Poland's experience in this domain constitutes continuously developing research areas. The experience of foreign research centres confirms the possibility of applying LCA techniques in supporting environmental risk assessment of innovative technologies where LCA is used to study the environmental impact of a new generation product, i.e. flocculants from polymer wastes. This article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of applying a new generation of polyelectrolyte (gained from polystyrene waste) in treating industrial wastewater and the LCA environmental impact assessment, which was carried out using SimaPro software. Based on the analysis of the results of the application of sodium salts of sulfone derivatives of polystyrene in the treatment of mine water, it was found that these products significantly reduced the pollution indicators of mine water from KWK1. Accordingly, they provided the basis for the development of technical-scale technology.

The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology

The Risk assessment of 3D printing FDM technology

Abstract P057: Application of multi-cancer early detection to lung and breast cancer screening populations

Abstract The Center for Global Early Detection at MD Anderson has initiated two longitudinal early detection studies: LEAP (Lung Cancer Early Detection and Prevention, 2013-2019) for lung cancer screening and MERIT (Mammography Early Detection Risk Assessment and Imaging Technologies, 2017-ongoing) for breast cancer screening. Both cohorts enrolled subjects based on US standard-of-care guidelines at the time of enrollment for low-dose CT screening and mammography, respectively. The cohorts collected detailed health data from questionnaires, imaging data, and blood specimens at the time of screening. In addition to information on the screened-detected cancers, follow-up information was collected on any other types of cancers that are diagnosed after enrollment. Here, we evaluate the incidence of other cancers without available screening to assess the potential impact of multi-cancer early detection studies for these two types of screening populations. The two studies enrolled approximately 9,300 subjects (N = 2853 for LEAP; N = 6,400 for MERIT) with median follow up times of 2.99 years (IQR: 1.09-4.08) for LEAP and 2.05 years (IQR: 0.09-3.01) for MERIT. Currently, there are more than 800,000 aliquots of banked biospecimens from both cohorts. The incidence of lung cancer for the LEAP cohort undergoing low-dose CT screening was 0.91% per year. Cancers other than lung cancer were also diagnosed after enrollment including prostate, breast, bladder, head, and neck, colorectal, lymphoma, endocrine, gynecologic, and kidney cancers. Overall, the incidence of other cancers in LEAP was high for those cancers without available screening - 0.49% per year excluding breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. The incidence of breast cancer for women in LEAP was lower than expected, 0.17% per year, likely a result of underscreening by mammography. For the MERIT cohort, the incidence of breast cancer was 0.89% per year. Cancers other than breast were diagnosed in MERIT after enrollment including gynecologic, melanoma, lung, colorectal, endocrine, bladder, and gastrointestinal cancers. The incidence of other cancers in MERIT was 0.55% per year, excluding colorectal cancer. We conclude that the incidence of cancers without a current screening modality in LEAP and MERIT is sufficiently high (0.49-0.55% per year) to justify the application of multi-cancer screening. Even for cancers with standard-of-care screening, a multi-cancer blood-based biomarker test could be useful given the possibility of underscreening, as we observed for breast cancer in the LEAP cohort. Citation Format: Jennifer Dennison, Ehsan Irajizad, Edwin Ostrin, Myrna Godoy, Olena Weaver, Jessica Leung, Samir Hanash. Application of multi-cancer early detection to lung and breast cancer screening populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Precision Prevention, Early Detection, and Interception of Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-19; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2023;16(1 Suppl): Abstract nr P057.

Development of risk assessment technology for small spacecraft based on a space weather heat map

This study focuses on the development and implementation of a specialized technology to address the challenges posed by space weather on the performance and operational reliability of small spacecraft, particularly CubeSats and nanosatellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The research emphasizes the importance of data acquisition, processing, and visualization of energy particle fluxes in near-Earth space, with a web application demonstrating visualization of average electron values in a heat map format. The proposed technology, in conjunction with space weather prediction methods, allows for quick response to adverse conditions, contributing to increased longevity and operational efficiency of small spacecraft. In the absence of comprehensive protection systems, the research suggests simple organizational methods as an effective approach for risk mitigation and reliability improvement, applicable even to spacecraft already in orbit.

Gas Overrun Risk Assessment in Coal Mining Face Based on Fuzzy Bayesian Network

A risk assessment technology based on a fuzzy Bayesian network is proposed to improve the degree of gas control management in the coal mining face and avoid gas overrun. Five characteristics of the coal mining working face, i.e., geological structure, ventilation conditions, gas extraction, mining activities, and coal mine management affecting the coal mining working face, were examined for 17 risk variables and a gas overrun assessment model was created. A priori information and sample data indicate that there is a 3% chance of gas overflow. The reverse reasoning test found that the main reasons for gas overrun were unreported gas anomalies, ventilation modes, gas content in coal seams, goaf extraction volume, and coal mining rate in coal mining face. The research results show that the approach can assess the risk of gas overflow in coal mining face.

The Effectiveness of Implementing an Information Technology Risk Assessment System in Improving the Perfoemance of the Al-Misk Organization

The Effectiveness of Implementing an Information Technology Risk Assessment System in Improving the Perfoemance of the Al-Misk Organization