Dishwashing Detergent Research Articles

EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND SOME LOCALLY USED SURFACTANTS ON THE SPRAY QUALITY

This study was aimed to compare two spreading agents (Tween 20 (T) and dishwashing detergent (D)) which are commonly used in agricultural researches in Iraq and sometimes are used by the local spray applicators. Moreover, the universalflat fan nozzle (UNI) was compared with the air induction nozzle (AI) concerning the quality of the spray produced. The treatments included three concentrations (1.0%; 0.1% and 0.01% vol /vol %) of each spreading material beside the control treatment (water only). Spray quality was evaluated by using the water sensitive papers (WSP), and DepositScan software was used to analyze the scanned photos of WSP. Theevaluated parameters related to the spray quality included: spray coverage (%); spray density (Deposits/cm²); average droplet diameter (DV.5) and deposition of droplets (µL/cm²). Moreover, the penetration rate was also calculated by comparing the deposition quantity between two levels of WSP on the plant canopy (upper and middle level) while the deposition which reached the ground was considered as losses rate. The results have shown that adding Tween 20 spreading agent to the spray solution has produced more deposits per square centimeter and more penetration rate of spray inside the plants canopy than the detergent and control. Moreover, the UNI type nozzle produced higher coverage percentage and number of deposits per square centimeter than AI nozzle.

The Dirty Dozen Cleaning Products at Home

In todays world, its practically impossible to reduce the exposure of all cleaning products at home, but one can significantly reduce the levels and duration exposure. This paper seeks to highlight “The Dirty Dozen Cleaning Products at Home†, although the entire list is very comprehensive, the focus will be on this selected suite: Air Fresheners; Ammonia; Bleach; Carpet and Upholstery Shampoos; Dishwasher Detergents; Drain Cleaners; Furniture Polish; Mold and Mildew Cleaners; Oven Cleaner; Antibacterial Cleaners; Laundry Room Products; and Toilet Bowl Cleaners. Highlighting some of the many ills and toxic chemicals which make up these “necessary†household commodities for a safe and clean home.

Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of toothpaste with herbal ingredients and rinses in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis

Relevance. There is very little literature data on the role of viral infection in the genesis of periodontal diseases, mainly the work of foreign authors. It is believed that the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, including the gums, is the habitat of some viruses of the herpes group (Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, etc.). They can be in a latent state in the salivary glands, epithelial cells of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, oral cavity and under adverse conditions, are activated, causing an exacerbation of the process. Currently, methods for detecting viruses using laboratory tests (PCR diagnostics) have been somewhat simplified, which made it possible to evaluate the therapeutic effect of domestic oral care products against viruses. The use of plaque control agents such as prophylactic toothpastes and mouth rinses on a regular basis helps to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory periodontal diseases.Purpose. To study the effect of domestic oral care products on the level of oral cavity contamination with herpes group viruses in patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis.Materials and methods. Under clinical supervision were 52 patients (28 men, 24 women) of middle age 31-54 years with chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity, divided into groups: group 1 – 26 patients who used «Asepta Sensitive» preventive toothpaste on basis of plant components. They were divided into 2 subgroups of 13 patients: subgroup «a»- only paste, subgroup «b» - paste with the additional use of rinse aid «Asepta ® Active» in the first 8 days with a further transition to rinse «Asepta ® Fresh» from 9 days of the study. Group 2 consisted of 26 patients who used «Asepta ® Active» toothpaste with a similar division into subgroups: subgroup «a» without rinsing agents and subgroup «b» with rinsing agents. The control group of patients without inflammatory diseases of the periodontium and oral mucosa included 15 people who were not treated.Results. It was revealed that the DNA of the herpes simplex virus ½ types (HSV ½) at the beginning of the study was detected in 28.8% of patients with periodontitis, Epstein-Barr virus 42.3% of patients, and cytomegalovirus in 36.5%. When using oral care products containing antiseptics, adult patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis, we have achieved good results in the treatment of this disease. The effectiveness of the action of toothpaste and rinses in adults with chronic generalized periodontitis is high – a decrease in performance by an average of 1.2-2 times lower than without rinse aid. This allows, subject to the rules of individual oral hygiene, to quickly stop the main clinical symptoms of chronic generalized periodontitis and reduce the level of oral contamination by herpes viruses.Conclusion. In the treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis, no significant clinical differences were found when using various schemes for the use of oral care products. At the same time, the use of the «Asepta ® Active» rinse agent with chlorhexidine helps to reduce the frequency of detection of herpes group viruses in the oral cavity by 1.5-2.5 times and reduces the signs of periodontal inflammation in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis.

Influence of detergents types and clean method on PV cells performance: An experimental study

Accumulation the dust and dirt soiling on photovoltaic (PV) panels’ surfaces represents a major problem which inevitably undermines their operational performance. Thereby, removing the soiling and cleaning the panel surfaces is necessary to upgrade the PV cells performance. In this study the influence of detergent types as a cleaning material on PV panels’ outcomes has been investigated experimentally. Three detergents types that widely materials using in the home cleaning include: Tap water, mixture of dishwashing liquid with water and glass cleaner were tested. Furthermore, manual cleaning by using a piece of cloth or wiper were utilized as a cleaning tools were also evaluated. The experimental results appeared that enhancement the PV panel performance after using home detergents materials, where the performance increased by 25.35% and 19% when used a glasses cleaner and mixture of water and dishwashing liquid respectively, compared with 7.34% when used tap water only. In addition, using the manual wiper as a cleaning technique was achieved a better PV panel performance than piece of cloth for all detergents materials.

Importance of Nebulizer Drying for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

Nebulizer therapy is an important treatment component for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Nebulizer manufacturers' guidelines advocate thorough nebulizer drying after washing. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the microbiology associated with nebulizer drying, particularly related to Pseudomonas control, and to examine microbiologically non-adherence to the recommended drying procedures. Four aspects of nebulizer drying were examined in 3 common nebulizers, including examination of the drying profile, improvement to the drying profile of assembled nebulizers, survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tap water and in tap water plus 0.5% (v/v) dishwashing detergent, and the effect of drying of P. aeruginosa in tap water and tap water plus residual sputum (1%v/v, 10%v/v). Microbiologic examination was performed by using P. aeruginosa (5 clinical CF strains plus 1 National Collection of Type Cultures Reference strain). There were differences in the time to complete dryness between disassembled and fully assembled nebulizers. Vigorous repeated shaking was unable to drive off all residual water on assembled nebulizers. P. aeruginosa counts did not decrease significantly in either tap water or in tap water plus detergent after 24 h storage at ambient temperature. In contrast, all Pseudomonas organisms were killed when nebulizers were dried for 24 h, even when contaminated with 1% and 10% sputum. Dishwashing detergent did not demonstrate any antibacterial activity. This study demonstrated that nebulizer drying, if applied properly, had the ability to reduce counts of P. aeruginosa to non-detectable levels. Equally, this study showed that, if the device was not dried thoroughly and moisture remained, then the device was able to support the survival of P. aeruginosa at high numbers, which constituted an infection risk to the patient with CF. This information may help educate and inform the patient with CF about the importance of proper nebulizer drying for Pseudomonas control to improve patient awareness and safety.

Microbiota in intra-oral halitosis – characteristics, effects of antibacterial mouth rinse treatment

Relevance. Modern data confirm multimicrobial etiology of oral malodor that can significantly compromise effective therapy. Thus, it is relevent to perform comprehensive study of causes of oral malodour, based on microbiological study of composition of mixed microbial biofilms including culturable and non-culturable microbes and evaluation of efficacy of mouth rinses with broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.Purpose. To study oral microbiota in oral malodor and its correction with antibacterial mouth rinses.Materials and methods. Subjects, involved in the study, were divided into 3 groups, each having 20 people. Controls didn’t use mouth rinses; experimental group used mouth rinse, containing multicidum; in comparison group chlorhxidine containing mouth rinse was used. Orgnoleptic measurement based on 0-5 Rosenberg scale was applied to score intensity of oral malodor. Coating of the root of the tongue was studied by culture-based methods.Results. The research showed that Multicidum® mouth rinse in comprehensive oral malodor treatment affects aerobic bacteria involved in the pathologic process causing bad breath. Positive effect manifested itself organoleptically according to Rosenberg scale in foul breath reduction and in composition changes of microbiota of the root of the tongue. At thus, amount of microorganisms producing smelly volatile compounds decreased and the number of bacteria inhibiting this process increased amid reduction of spore-forming bacteria that contribute to maintenance of stable microbial communities in oral malodor.Conclusion. Gram-positive cocci and Bacillus-Streptococcus, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Granulicatella adiacens, Rothia and aerobic spore-forming bacteria from the Bacillus family that are involved in maintaining the functions of resistant bacterial communities-predominated among the bacteria identified in patients with halitosis. There was a statistically significant decrease in the severity of halitosis under the action of a rinse aid, the main active substance of which is Multicidum , and the absence of a statistically significant effect when using a rinse aid based on chlorhexidine.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПАРОДОНТА

Subject. The results of a sociological survey and questioning of doctors about prescribed antiseptic drugs and comparative data on their effectiveness are considered.
 The goal is to justify the feasibility of using various antiseptics in the complex treatment of patients with periodontal diseases.
 Methodology. Dentists were questioned to identify the most commonly prescribed drugs. 36 patients were divided into 3 experimental groups depending on the composition or concentration of the antiseptic drug used.
 Results. The values of the GI, SBI and API indices statistically significantly and more pronounced decreased at almost all stages of observation after the use of the traditional antiseptic at a concentration of 0.2 % and rinse aid Curasept. After 2 weeks of the study after completion of treatment, the pH level in the 1st group was 7.33 ± 0.035, in the 2nd and 3rd — 7.02 ± 0.049 and 6.69 ± 0.131, respectively. When analyzing the detection rate of P. gingivalis in the 1st group, it was found that out of 8 patients (72.7 %) after the completion of therapeutic measures, only 2 (18.2 %) had a high level of dissemination (χ2 = 6.60 p = 0.010), when studying the level of inoculation of A. Actinomycetemcomitans, similar results were obtained.
 Conclusions. Antiseptic 0.2 % chlorhexidine bigluconate solution and mouthwash Curasept ADS 212 (0.12 % chlorhexidine solution) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis lead to a more pronounced destruction of periodontal pathogenic microflora, normalization of acid-base balance and GI, SBI and API indices both at the initial stage of research, and in its most remote dates. After the use of the drug chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05 %, the microbial contamination rates decrease, but bacteria do not completely eradicate and at all stages of observation, the average index values in the 3rd group are significantly higher compared to other groups.

Features reported after exposure to automatic dishwashing rinse aids.

Automatic dishwashing rinse aids are drying aids which contain non-ionic surfactants, usually ethoxylated alcohols, typically at concentrations of ≤30%. To assess the reported toxicity of rinse aids. Telephone enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service were analysed from January 2008 to June 2019. Ingestion: Ingestion was involved in 976 cases and produced gastrointestinal features, coughing and central nervous system depression, particularly in young children. In those in whom the amount ingested was known, the majority (56%) of children <18 years and of adults (57%) ingested <50 mL of rinse aid. Although moderate or severe exposures (Poisoning Severity Score (PSS) ≥ 2) were uncommon, they occurred significantly (p < 0.0008) more often in adults (9.0%) than in children (1.8%); however, three of the four adults with PSS ≥ 2 co-ingested other substances. Eye exposure: Ocular exposure was reported in 35 cases, of whom 29 developed features. Eye irritation (n = 10, 28.6%) and eye pain (n = 10, 28.6%) were reported most commonly, and three patients (8.6%) developed corneal abrasions (PSS 2). Dermal exposure: Thirty-four patients were exposed dermally, and six (17.6%) reported features, including rash, numbness, pruritus and burns (PSS 1). Overall, clinical features developed in 47% of patients exposed to rinse aids, but more severe features (PSS ≥ 2) were rare (<3%) following exposure by any route.

Business Roundup

BUSINESS Business Roundup ShareShare onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail C&EN, 2020, 98 (1), p 13January 6, 2020Cite this:C&EN 98, 1, 13AbstractEvonik Industries says it will build a world-scale plant to produce rhamnolipids, a class of biosurfactants made by fermenting lipids. Unilever is already using the surfactants in its Quix brand of dishwashing detergent liquid, sold in Chile. Arkema’s Bostik unit has acquired LIP Bygningsartikler, a Danish maker of tile adhesives and waterproofing systems with annual sales of about $34 million. The deal boosts the adhesive maker’s presence in the Nordic countries. Ecolab is merging its upstream energy business—which includes its oil field chemicals business—with the oil and gas equipment maker Apergy. The combined company will have about $3.5 billion in annual revenues. BASF Venture Capital has invested an undisclosed sum in Israel-based start-up Equinom, a developer of computerized seed-breeding technology. The tools are used to cross-breed plants to introduce desirable traits, such as protein or oil content, and functionality, like shatter resistance in sesame-seed pods. Gevo has signed an agreementView: PDF | Full Text HTML

Dishwashing detergents and their effects on respiration inhibition of activated sludge

Nowadays, many households in the Czech Republic have a dishwasher. Their use releases the remnants of the dishwashing detergents used therein into the sewerage network. These substances affect the activity and also the lifetime of microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Research is focused on respiration inhibition of microorganisms contained in activation sludge from WWTP and their affected by dishwashing detergents. In view of Regulation No 259/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the limitation of the total phosphorus content of dishwashing detergents (into force on 1 January 2017), there have been significant changes in the structure of these detergents. The article describes the effect of selected dishwashing detergents on respiratory inhibition of activation sludge from a large municipal WWTP Ostrava and a small municipal WWTP Michálkovice. Both of these WWTPs are owned by OVAK (Ostrava waterworks and sewerage). Subsequently, the research is focused on the comparison of obtained results. The highest variation in values were measured for sample 3, where the inhibition measured when testing a sludge from a large WWTP differed by up to 60% from that measured when testing a sludge from a small WWTP. The research also evaluates possible causes of respiration inhibition of microorganisms when testing specific sample solution.

Study to make transparent skeletal specimens in small fish by using dishwashing liquid

Study to make transparent skeletal specimens in small fish by using dishwashing liquid

The impact of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the human gut microbiome and its fibre fermentation capacity

PurposeThis study investigated the effect of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the gut microbiome and fibre fermentation capacity.MethodsFaecal samples from 13 healthy volunteers were fermented in batch cultures with food additives (maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate-80, carrageenan-kappa, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide), sweeteners (aspartame-based sweetener, sucralose, stevia) and domestic hygiene products (toothpaste and dishwashing detergent). Short-chain fatty acid production was measured with gas chromatography. Microbiome composition was characterised with 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsAcetic acid increased in the presence of maltodextrin and the aspartame-based sweetener and decreased with dishwashing detergent or sodium sulphite. Propionic acid increased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 and butyrate decreased dramatically with cinnamaldehyde and dishwashing detergent. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate and dishwashing detergent. Microbiome Shannon α-diversity increased with stevia and decreased with dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde. Sucralose, cinnamaldehyde, titanium dioxide, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent shifted microbiome community structure; the effects were most profound with dishwashing detergent (R2 = 43.9%, p = 0.008) followed by cinnamaldehyde (R2 = 12.8%, p = 0.016). Addition of dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde increased the abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella and decreased members of Firmicutes, including OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Addition of sucralose and carrageenan-kappa also increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and sucralose, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 did likewise to Bilophila. Polysorbate-80 decreased the abundance of OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Similar effects were observed with the concentration of major bacterial groups using qPCR. In addition, maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener and sodium benzoate promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium whereas sodium sulphite, carrageenan-kappa, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent had an inhibitory effect.ConclusionsThis study improves understanding of how additives might affect the gut microbiota composition and its fibre metabolic activity with many possible implications for human health.

Toxicity of azoles towards the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process

AbstractBACKGROUNDAzoles are an important class of compounds that are widely used as corrosion inhibitors in aircraft de‐icing agents, cooling towers, semiconductor manufacturing and household dishwashing detergents. They also are important moieties in pharmaceutical drugs and fungicides. Azoles are widespread emerging contaminants occurring frequently in water bodies. Azole compounds can potentially cause inhibition towards key biological processes in natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes. Of particular concern is the inhibition of azoles to the nitrification process (aerobic oxidation of ammonium). This study investigated the acute toxicity of azole compounds towards the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process, which is an important environmental biotechnology gaining traction for nutrient‐nitrogen removal during wastewater treatment. In this study, using batch bioassay techniques, the anammox toxicity of eight commonly occurring azole compounds was evaluated.RESULTSThe results show that 1H‐benzotriazole and 5‐methyl‐1H‐benzotriazole had the highest inhibitory effect on the anammox process, causing 50% decrease in anammox activity (IC50) at concentrations of 19.6 and 17.8 mg L−1, respectively. 1H‐imidazole caused less severe toxicity with an IC50 of 79.4 mg L−1. The other azole compounds were either nontoxic (1H‐pyrazole, 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole and 1‐methyl‐pyrazole) or at best mildly toxic (1H‐benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic acid and 3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole) towards the anammox bacteria at the concentrations tested.CONCLUSIONSThis study showed that most azole compounds tested displayed mild to low or no toxicity towards the anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria were found to be far less sensitive to azoles compared to nitrifying bacteria. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Household cleaning product-related ocular exposures reported to the United States poison control centres.

Background/objectivesTo investigate ocular exposures associated with household cleaning products in the United States.Subjects/methodsA retrospective analysis of ocular exposures associated with household cleaning products was conducted using data from the National Poison Data System from 2000 through 2016.ResultsFrom January 2000 through December 2016, poison control centres in the United States received 319,508 calls for household cleaning product-related ocular exposures, averaging 18,795 exposures annually. The annual frequency of exposures decreased significantly by 28.8% during the study period. The rate of exposures per 100,000 US residents was 28.4 among young children (<6 years), 4.8 among older children (6–12 years), 4.2 among teenagers (13–19 years), and 4.2 among adults (≥20 years); children 2 years old had the highest rate of exposure (62.8). Bleaches (25.9%), wall/floor/tile cleaners (13.4%), disinfectants (10.8%), laundry detergents (6.1%), and glass cleaners (5.3%) were the non-miscellaneous product subcategories most commonly associated with ocular exposures. The product subcategories associated with the greatest proportion of major medical outcomes were drain cleaners (1.4%), oven cleaners (1.1%), and automatic dishwasher detergents (0.4%).ConclusionsOn average, the United States poison control centres received approximately two reports of household cleaning product-related ocular exposures every hour during the 17-year study period. Although the annual number and rate of exposures declined during this time, the number of these exposures remains high, especially among young children, underscoring the need for additional prevention efforts. Contrary to the overall trend, ocular exposures to laundry detergent packets have increased significantly and merit special preventive action.

Dow, RB and Drukpol. Flexo develop recyclable packaging for Finish dishwasher detergents

Dow, RB and Drukpol. Flexo develop recyclable packaging for Finish dishwasher detergents

Use of various drugs based on herbal components in complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases

The article discusses the use of various dosage forms of anti-inflammatory periodontal drugs used in patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases. The rapid anti-inflammatory efficacy of toothpaste, gel, aerosol, and rinse aid has been proven. The combination of several active components in one product actively affects all parts of the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process from antimicrobial effects to the elimination of halitosis.

Assessment and prevention of forensic DNA contamination in DNA profiling from latent fingerprint

In this study, fingerprint brush contamination and a simple brush cleaning procedure was assessed. A total of 10 new camel-hair fingerprint brushes were used for dusting either fresh saliva or saliva stain prior to dusting 4 latent fingerprints deposited on the glass surface. Ten hairs were cut from each fingerprint brush and 4 latent fingerprints were collected by double swab technique for DNA analysis. Consensus DNA profiles were generated from 3 replications of the samples. Result showed that mixed DNA profiles were obtained from the latent fingerprint swabs. More than 2 alleles were observed, and matched alleles from the saliva and fingerprint donors. DNA profiles generated from the brush hairs had no complete loci. The called alleles matched the saliva donor and some were shared alleles of the 2 contributors. Amount of DNA deposited on fresh-saliva contaminated brushes were higher than that those contaminated with saliva stain. Next, fingerprint brushes were cleaned with dish-washing liquid and rinsed with sterile-water. DNA profiling of 5 cleaned-brushes showed that no consensus DNA profile was obtained. Although few alleles were called in each replication of the DNA profile, they were not reproducible. The persistence of biological material on fingerprint brush hairs was demonstrated, thus being a potential source of contamination by indirect material transfer. Cleaning fingerprint brush after direct exposure to biological fluid and stains could help to prevent evidence cross-contamination.

The effects of various household cleaning methods on DNA persistence on mugs and knives

With the prevalence of forensic science in popular media, offenders are becoming more forensically aware and can employ precautionary methods, such as cleaning used items or rubbing away fingermarks, to reduce their traces left at a crime scene. This study examined the effects of various cleaning methods on DNA persistence on commonly encountered casework exhibits, specifically knives and mugs. Aliquots of acellular DNA were added to the knife handles or mug rims, allowed to dry, and then the substrates were either sampled directly or were cleaned and then sampled. The plastic- and wood-handled knives were cleaned with a cloth in a sink of water, diluted dish washing liquid or diluted household bleach, whereas the ceramic, glass and steel mugs were cleaned with a dry or wet cloth, or by wiping with a cloth after applying a cleaning product (dish washing liquid or household bleach spray) directly into the mug and then rinsing it with water. DNA samples were collected with wet and dry swabs, in triplicate, and extracted and quantified. In both experiments, DNA was not detected on items after cleaning with dish washing liquid or household bleach, irrespective of the differences in amounts of DNA initially deposited, substrates, and cleaning methods. Even without a cleaning product, rubbing with a dry cloth decreased DNA recovery from the mugs, regardless of the mug substrate. These results contribute to our understanding of the impact of various cleaning methods on DNA recovery at the crime scene and will help inform DNA recovery strategies.

Determination of δ-hexadecansultone in sodium α-olefinesulphonates and liquid detergents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

Sultones are cyclic esters of hydroxysulfonic acids, which are formed in the process of sulfonation of α-olefins with sulfur trioxide gas. More stable sultones may be present in the final product — an anionic surfactant — sodium α-olefin sulfonate (AOC-Na). AOC-Na is widely used in the production of household chemicals and cosmetic products, including liquid dishwashing detergents. Sultones are strong skin sensitizers, their level in AOC-Na should be strictly controlled and not exceed 5 ppm. Operational and strict control of the sultone content upon AOC-Na production allows timely adjustment at the stage of hydrolysis, which leads to a more complete disclosure of the sultone cycle with the formation of the corresponding olefin sulfonates and hydroxyalkanesulfonates. We propose a method for determining δ-hexadecansultone in liquid dishwashing detergents and sodium α-olefinsulfonates obtained on the basis of α-olefins of C14 – C16 fractions using GC/MS, which provides shortening of sample preparation and keeps the sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg. The effect of various weakly polar and non-polar organic solvents used for Sultone extraction from AOC-Na and liquid detergent on liquid extraction based on the dispersion of the extractant in an alcohol/water phase is studied. When selecting the solvent we have shown that the use of diethyl ether provided the best extraction of the analyte. Determination of the analyte extraction recovery was performed using the reaction of hydrolysis of the extracted mixture. We specified the operating mode of the device which provided complete separation of the components of the analyzed compounds including the samples of liquid detergent for dishes being a multicomponent mixture of complex composition.

Evaluation of Ethoxylated Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acids Methyl Esters as Nonionic Co-Surfactants in Hand Dishwashing Liquids

Abstract The effect of ethoxylated rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters (ROFAME) on the viscosity, functional properties and skin compatibility of hand dishwashing liquids was analyzed. It was found that, over the test range, both the degree of ethoxylation and concentration in the formulation were essential for the properties of the evaluated products. Among others, this was due to the fact that ROFAME had the favorable effect of modifying the viscosity of these formulations to an acceptable range. The relationship between the concentration and degree of polyaddition of ROFAME on the detergent and foaming properties of the complete formulation was presented, showing their increase in comparison to the reference dishwashing liquid without ROFAME. With respect to the parameters relating to the skin irritant, the degree of skin dryness after dishwashing with the auxiliary surfactants was lower.