Ring Frame Research Articles

Research on the application of wheel pile foundation for transmission lines

Under the action of low pressure, the wheel pile foundation bears most or even all the downward pressure. When the wheel pile foundation is subjected to uplift force, the uplift force is supported by the short pile, and the ring frame and the 4 flange mainly play the role of transfer pulling force, while the main bearing force is short and short pile. When the wheel pile foundation is subjected to horizontal forces, the horizontal force is mainly borne by the flange and the ring frame. Therefore, only downward pressure and horizontal force should be considered for the ring frame and flange, while uplift force should be considered for the design of thin and short piles. The basic design is simple and the transmission path is clear. The ring frame, flange and short pile of the wheel pile foundation are prefabricated. The foundation can take different prefabricated installation methods with the mechanized construction conditions. It can not only guarantee the quality of the concrete slab, but also speed up the construction speed of the foundation. By comparing with the economic technology of the plate foundation, it is found that under the same geological conditions, the use of wheel pile foundation can reduce the concrete earthwork and the increase of the load, the decrease of concrete is also increased, and the amount of steel is saved, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

Improvement of Carded Yarn Quality by Changing Ring Frame Break Draft for Different Short Fibre Index

Three types of cotton fibers lot having short fiber index (SFI) 8.65, 9.45 and 11.00 were taken to perform the experiment. The break drafts (BD) in ring frame were set to 1.136, 1.174 and 1.211 to produce the sample yarn; 30S /1 carded knit yarn (30KK) and 34S /1 carded knit yarn (34KK). The objective of this study was to find out the impact of short fibers by changing ring frame break draft on yarn quality and spinning process performance. The yarn quality such as CVm%, thin places (-50%)/km (TN), thick places (+50%)/km (TK), neps (+200%)/km (NP), count-strength product (CSP) and yarn hairiness (H) found satisfactory level for both yarn count in case of ring frame break draft 1.174 for low and high short fiber index. In this study, both physical and tensile properties of ring yarn were found better for ring frame break draft 1.174 of the three samples and quality deteriorates as SFI increases from 8.65 to 11.00.

Analyzing the Effect of Spinning Process Variables on Draw Frame Blended Cotton Mélange Yarn Quality

An investigation has been made to study the effect of important spinning process variables namely shade depth, ring frame spindle speed and yarn twist multiplier (TM) on various yarn quality parameters like unevenness, strength, imperfection, elongation at break and hairiness index of draw frame blended cotton melange yarn. Three factors Box and Behnken design of experiment has been used to conduct the study. The quadratic regression model is used to device the statistical inferences about sensitivity of the yarn quality parameters to the different process variables. The response surfaces are constructed for depicting the geometric representation of yarn quality parameters plotted as a function of process variables. Analysis of the results show that yarn strength of draw frame blended cotton melange yarn is significantly affected by shade depth and TM. Yarn unevenness is affected by shade depth and ring frame spindle speed. Yarn imperfection level is mainly influenced by the shade depth and spindle speed. The shade depth and yarn TM have shown significant impact on yarn hairiness index.

A tensile study of fancy multicount yarn sections

Purpose No study was published about the tensile properties of different sections of multicount yarn. Hence there was a need to conduct a detailed section-wise tensile study of fancy multicounty yarn. The purpose of this study is to identify the different sections of the same multicount yarn and test them separately. Design/methodology/approach Multicount yarn with slubs were prepared on a ring frame with the Amsler Textile Effect System. Different yarn sections from each multicount yarn are identified as fine normal, fine slub, medium normal, medium slub, coarse normal, coarse slub and the changeover sections. These sections are tested for the breaking load and breaking elongation. Broken ends of the yarn sections are also studied, and these broken ends are classified as sharp broken end, tapered broken end and slipped broken end. A study is also conducted on the location of break or the place of break at the changeover sections. Findings It was found that the twist of yarn at slub sections was lower than the twist at normal sections. In spite of the low yarn twist at slub sections, the breaking load of the yarn was higher at slub sections than at normal sections by 12 to 30 per cent owing to the presence of more number of fibres that share the breaking load. The breaking load at the changeover section (normal to slub and slub to normal) was found to be higher than that at normal section and lower than at slub sections. No significant difference was found between the breaking load of the two changeover sections (normal to slub and slub to normal). The majority of breaks in normal yarn sections were of the tapered broken end type and the majority of breaks in slub yarn sections were slipped broken ends. Originality/value Efforts are taken to identify different sections of the same multicount yarn with the help of specially designed square black board and tensile study of these sections are carried out.

The Relationship Between Antecedent And Consequence Factors With Safety Behaviour In PT.X

Background : Safety behaviour is an act worker to minimize the possibility of accidents in workplace. Based on the Antecedents-Behaviour-Consequence (ABC) theory, safety behaviour of worker related with the antecedent and consequence factors. Purpose : The purpose of this research was to study the association between antecedent and consequence factors with safety behaviour of workers in Ring Frame Unit Spinning II PT. X. Methods : This was an observational descriptive research with cross sectional approach. Sample size was the total population 24 workers. The variables studied were level of knowledge, motivation, perception, private problem, OSH regulation, availability of safety facilities, frequency of OSH training, controlling, positive reinforcement (reward), and negative reinforcement (punishment). The strength of relationship between variables dependent and independent were analyzed by using Contingency Coefficient (C). Results : The results showed that there were strong association between motivation, private problem, frequency of OSH training, positive reinforcement (reward), and negative reinforcement (punishment) with safety behaviour (C = 0.622, C = 0.508, C = 0.702, C = 0.669, dan C = 0.707, respectively). There were very strong association between knowledge, perception, OSH regulation, and controlling with safety behaviour (C = 0.763, C = 0.797, C = 0.768, dan C = 0.797, respectively). Conclusion : the higher the knowledge and motivation to work safely the higher the safety behaviour of the workers would be. Workers who have not personal problem, have already participated in OSH training, feeling supervised and given reward and punishment applied higher safety behaviour.

The Correlation of Individual Factors With Absenteeism among Textile Industry Workers in Surabaya (PT X) During 2013

Background : High absenteeism rate affect productivity.In turn, low productivity makes the company suffer loss. In Indonesia there are rarely researches on the issue although actually it needs much attention. Purpose : The aim of this research was to analyze the correlation between individual factors with absenteeism among workers of Ring Frame (Spinning I)PT. X in 2013. Methods : This was an observational descriptives research with cross sectional approach of absenteeism during 2013. The population were workers who experienced absent in 2013 (43 peoples). The variables were individual factor (age,sex, workers status,married status,work span, and education level) and the absenteeism rate such as GAR (Gross Absence Rate),ASR (Absence Severity Rate), AFR (Absence Frequency Rate), Day lost, Spells and the control measures. Results : The results showedthat the days lost were 130 days/years, with frequency absenteeism of 85 spells. The absenteeism rate were : GAR 0,3 % ; ASR 1,1 days and AFR 0,65 spells.GAR, ASR, and AFR were in the normal limit, the highest rate of day lost in category < 3 days and the highest rate of spells in category 1-2 spells. The highest rate of case group found in : age group 25-35 years, women, persistent workers, married, has a work span of 5-14 years and the education level in senior high school. Conclusion : there were no significant correlation between individual factors and absenteeism.

Semi-analytical methods for rapid pre-dimensioning of launcher structures subjected to Booster load introduction

This paper describes a new analysis method for orthotropic cylindrical shell structures with arbitrary stiffness distribution. The structural model consists of ring frame elements, orthotropic membrane panels and longitudinal stiffeners (stringer). The element stiffness matrix of the orthotropic panel is based on the displacements functions of its boundary only. The boundary value problem is solved by developing the stresses in Taylor series and applying the principal of virtual work (virtual forces). By this way it is possible to have large elements able to describe stress peaks. The method is applied for Booster load introduction into launcher structures and reduces the number of degrees of freedom drastically, allowing rapid analyses necessary for parametric optimization in the pre-design phase.

Improvement of overall equipment efficiency of ring frame through total productive maintenance: a textile case

This paper focuses on the application of Kaizen, one of the pillars of total productive maintenance (TPM), for improvement of overall equipment efficiency (OEE) of a ring frame section in a spinning plant. The ring frame is considered as one of the critical sections since rope-like fiber strands become a fine yarn through a high amount of attenuation. Here, Kaizen was applied in the ring frame section to enhance overall performance and increase the productivity. Six major stoppage losses, namely breakdown or equipment failure, setup and adjustment, idling and minor stoppage, reduced speed, defects in the process, and reduced yield in the first place, were examined with the help of Pareto analysis, why why because logical analysis (WWBLA), and cause-and-effect analysis. A well-organized training program was conducted to make the operators educated about these losses and possible ways of improving the condition. Because of Kaizen, losses in the ring frame section were reduced significantly, and the OEE of the equipment was increased from 75.09 to 86.02%, productivity was improved by 23.93%, and production of defective items was reduced by 49.50%. The findings from this work revealed the benefit of application of TPM in real-world manufacturing environments.

Prediction of the Spinning Triangle Height in Ring Frame Using Artificial Neural Networks

Prediction of the Spinning Triangle Height in Ring Frame Using Artificial Neural Networks

Tensile and Elastic Performance of Cotton/Lycra Core Spun Denim Yarn

Various cotton/lycra core spun yarns are prepared in modified ring frame. The core of the yarn consists of a 70 dtex lycra filament and sheath consists of staple cotton fibers. The cotton/lycra core spun yarns are explored for the suitable application of stretch denim fabric. The tensile and elastic performance properties of the prepared stretch yarns are evaluated. The influence of various parameters viz. pre-load, linear density, stretch percentage, twist multiplier and applied load during tensile testing, on the properties of the stretch yarns are investigated by employing a full factorial design and statistical analysis.

An application of Pareto analysis and cause-and-effect diagram (CED) to examine stoppage losses: a textile case from Bangladesh

Spinning industries are facing challenges of improving productivity in the competitive market nowadays. Ring spinning, the most widely used yarn manufacturing process for short staple spinning, uses several types of machinery from blow room to ring frame for producing yarns from cotton fibers. An enterprise can improve utilization of resources by identifying unwanted machine stoppage and taking corrective actions at different points in the production cycle. This study focuses on the major six stoppage losses that are used to calculate Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) of ring frame section. The Pareto analysis reveals that idling and minor stoppage and breakdown losses are responsible 89.3% of total stoppage losses. According to cause-and-effect analysis, root causes for the stoppage losses are: high doffing time, high traveler changing time, broken end of yarn due to piles generation through the front roller, power failure and change in Draft Change Pinion (DCP) due to breakage of teeth of the gear during starting of machine by operators before lowering of ring rail and change of Twist Change Pinion (TCP) due to the displacement of TCP gear shaft. Finally, few recommendations are made to reduce stoppage losses and to increase the productivity of the ring frame section.

Predimensioning of launch vehicles subjected to booster load introduction based on semianalytical methods

ABSTRACTSimplified methods have been derived to analyze load introduction problems of orthotropic stiffened shells. Axisymmetric shell elements based on the transfer matrix method have been proved to solve load introduction problems precisely and effectively. In the case of nonaxisymmetric cylindrical shell structures, the model is based on analytical derived element stiffness matrices of curved shear panels that are connected with ring frame elements (curved beam elements) and stringer (rod elements). The element stiffness matrices are based on analytical solutions, the set of linear equations of the system (entire structure) is solved numerically. Due to the analytical description of the element stiffness matrices, a significant reduction of number of equations of the system is possible that allows a rapid analysis.

Study on Design and Test of Composite WIG Vehicle Considering on Impact Loading

This study proposed an example on preliminary structural design including trade-off study and design evaluation such as structural safety and stability analysis of a 20-seat composite WIG craft using the netting rule and the rule of mixture and a commercial FEM tool. The structural configuration of the wing adopted the skin-spar semi-monocoque type structure with foam sandwich, and the fuselage also used the semi-monocoque type structure with the skin to carry shear flow, the stringers to carry bending moments and the ring frames to carry local loads under consideration of various design local load cases. The used materials were Carbon/Epoxy (UD) for wing spar flanges and fuselage stringers and ring frames, Carbon/Epoxy (Fabric) for fuselage skins, the sandwich with Carbon/Epoxy face sheet (Fabric) and Al honeycomb core for the fuselage floor, and the sandwich with Carbon/Epoxy face sheet (UD) and Urethane foam core for wing skins and spar webs. Through the structural analysis, the structural safety and stability were confirmed.

Effect of Machine Setting Parameters on Ring Slub Carded Yarn Quality and Spinning Performance

At present ring slub carded yarn is very popular to produce value added product for ornamentation purpose in the apparel industry. During spinning different parameters influenced the spinning performance. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spindle speed as well as traveller weight on yarn quality. The Ne 28, Ne 30 and Ne 34 carded slub yarns were produced at the spindle speed of 15,500 rpm, 16,000 rpm, 16,500 rpm, 17,000 rpm and 17,500 rpm on the ring frame with using traveller number 3/0, 4/0, 5/0 and 6/0. The yarn properties like mass variation percentage (CVm%), unevenness (U%), hairiness, yarn breakage rate, yarn imperfection were investigated. It was found that traveller number 5/0 showed lower Um%, CVm% for Ne 28 and Ne 30 carded slub yarn compared to traveller number 3/0 and 4/0. On the other hand traveller number 6/0 showed better Um%, CVm%, thin places (-50%)/km and end breakage% for Ne 34 carded slub yarn compared to traveller number 4/0 and 5/0. It was also observed that increasing end breakage rate as the spindle speed of ring frame was increased.

Sagnac effect in an off-center rotating ring frame of reference

Interference resides deeply in our understanding of the wave properties of light. In this paper, the century famous Sagnac effect is demonstrated to be independent of the rotation axis position, using a rotating ring optical fiber in a straightforward laboratory experiment. A simple theoretical explanation for this result is given for any arbitrary closed loop interferometer. The level of this discussion should be suitable for undergraduate physics or engineering courses where electromagnetic theory and optics are discussed. The experiment described utilizes basic and important aspects in modern optics which every science student should acquire.

The initial stage of geological development of the continental Earth's crust in the territory of Ukraine in Dokatarhey-Archean

This paper contains a diagram of ring structures within the territory of Ukraine from the point of view of the classical idea elaboration on forming the dawn of continental crust on the ooidno-ring stage of planet evolution. This diagram is a development of O.B. Gintov concept about tectonic co-centers as structures with stable nuclei and mobile ring frames. The attention draws to intersection/overlay zones, as critical geodynamic areas of the Earth’s crust.

Minimum stiffness criteria for ring frame stiffeners of space launch vehicles

Frame stringer-stiffened shell structures show high load carrying capacity in conjunction with low structural mass and are for this reason frequently used as primary structures of aerospace applications. Due to the great number of design variables, deriving suitable stiffening configurations is a demanding task and needs to be realized using efficient analysis methods. The structural design of ring frame stringer-stiffened shells can be subdivided into two steps. One, the design of a shell section between two ring frames. Two, the structural design of the ring frames such that a general instability mode is avoided. For sizing stringer-stiffened shell sections, several methods were recently developed, but existing ring frame sizing methods are mainly based on empirical relations or on smeared models. These methods do not mandatorily lead to reliable designs and in some cases the lightweight design potential of stiffened shell structures can thus not be exploited. In this paper, the explicit physical behaviour of ring frame stiffeners of space launch vehicles at the onset of panel instability is described using mechanical substitute models. Ring frame stiffeners of a stiffened shell structure are sized applying existing methods and the method suggested in this paper. To verify the suggested method and to demonstrate its potential, geometrically non-linear finite element analyses are performed using detailed finite element models.

Design and Development of Twelve-Spindle Charkha by Converting Two Six-Spindle Charkha

The Khadi industry is one of the largest employment generation initiatives in the country. This sector employed about 14.79 lakh people both full time and part time in khadi spinning during 1994. However today, the employment generation has come down to 7 lakh, in 2004.Hence a research has been undertaken to help the khadi spinner to earn a better wage in his rural home itself by redesigning the spinning wheel and adding some more spindles without unduly enlarging the size of the spinning machine. The objectives of the study are clearly defined in the working. The methods to increase the speed of spindle andproduction rates in the charkha spinning machine have been discussed. Here the researcher has conceived idea of redesigning thecharkha on the lines of the spinning machines that are working inlarge textile mills. As the ring frame is built on 6 Spindles per staff length, the researcher has taken 12 spindles so that commercially available parts are cheaper and could be easily fixed on to themachine frame such as flutted rollers, rings, spindles and top arms.The spinning angle and train of wheels to drive the machine have allbeen modified. Addition of spindlesalso contributes to increased production. Knowing the Khadi cost chart rate we could easily calculate the wageearnings per day of the spinner. There is a 105 118 percentageincrease in both production and wage earnings to the spinner on the improved 12 spindle charkha machine.The yarns that were spun on different charkhas which are availablecommercially and compared to the performance of 12 Spindle Charkha for yarn quality. By the present research work, millions of rural women who arein khadi industry can be retained in charkha spinning without anydrudgery and earn a reasonable wage of Rs 174 per day for 8 hours working in improved 12 Spindle Charkha spinning. The yarnproduced from the narrow width spinning charkha with 12 spindles isquite comparable with SITRA norms and could be used for making bed spreads with optimum returns to the weaver also. Elongation percentage of yarn and Hairiness Index,in all these parameters studied, the 12 spindle machine gave good results whichwere comparable to SITRA (South Indian Textile Research Association) norms for yarn quality.

Novel switched flux machine with radial and circumferential permanent magnets

Purpose– The paper purposes a novel SFPM machine topology with radial and circumferential permanent magnets (PMs). The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approach– In order to reduce the flux leakage in the stator-outer region and consequently achieve higher magnetic material utilization in switched flux permanent magnet (SFPM) machine, a novel topology with radial and circumferential PMs is proposed. This topology (SFRCPM) has the same structure as conventional SFPM (CSFPM) machine except of the additional set of radially magnetized PMs located around the back iron and surrounded by a laminated ring frame. Using finite element analysis (FEA) the influence of the design parameters on the performance is investigated in order to obtain an effective optimization procedure. Internal and external rotor SFRCPM machines with either NdFeB or ferrite magnets are investigated, optimized and compared with the CSFPM machine having the same size, copper loss and stator/rotor pole combination.Findings– It is concluded that comparing SFRCPM with its CSFPM machine counterpart, internal rotor SFRCPM machine can achieve high PM flux-linkage per magnet volume, however reduced slot area leads to low output torque, whereas external rotor SFRCPM machine can produce higher torque and torque per magnet volume.Originality/value– This paper proposes a novel SFPM machine topology.

Evaluation of Processing Performance and Properties of 100% Cotton and Cotton-Polyester Blended Ring Yarns

The paper provides comparison of properties of 100% cotton yarn with those of two cotton-polyester blended yarns of 50/50 and 20/80 blend ratios. In this regard three types of yarns (i.e. 100% cotton, 50/50 and 20/80 cottonpolyester blends) were produced in the ring frame and for each type two different counts (30 Ne and 40 Ne) were produced. The blending was carried out in the draw frame. During processing, the settings and parameters e.g. spindle speed and twist multiplier were adjusted for optimum performance. After production at each stage (i.e. D/F, Simplex and Ring) samples of draw frame slivers, rovings and yarns were collected and investigated. The properties that were investigated were count, yarn faults, yarn irregularity as U% and strength as CSP. The study shows that, in ring frame it was possible to maintain higher spindle speed and lower twist multiplier for 50/50 and 20/80 blended yarns than 100% cotton yarn. Between 50/50 and 20/80 blended yarns, it possible to maintain higher spindle speed and lower twist multiplier for 20/80 blend than 50/50 bend. It was observed in all cases that as the percentage of polyester increase the U% i.e. the irregularity in the sliver/yarn decreases. It was also observed that yarn faults (IPI) decreased with the increase of % of polyester in the yarns. The yarn strength of 50/50 and 20/80 blended yarns was higher than that of 100% cotton and strength of 20/80 was higher than that 50/50 blended yarn.