User Rights Research Articles

Water management strategies for desirable IWRM implementation and application to the initiative projects, Korea

K-water has led national policymaking in South Korea through a master plan established in 2015 to raise national awareness on integrated water resources management (IWRM). It has promoted leading pilot projects as a short-term plan. Since the construction of the initial dam on the Seomjin River in 1928, inefficient water management has persisted. There was a jumble of agreements, treaties, regulations, and various institutions that could not keep up with the changing conditions in dam operation and water use caused by the construction of the new dam and auxiliary spillways on the river. Also, there were four agencies designated as dam usage rightholders: Two more were added to the original two dam licensees. Accordingly, the initiative project established a consensus on the need to streamline dam operations and promoted deriving social agreements through a council composed of the field-level departments of each water management agency. After government mediation, dam management regulations were revised to determine adjustments in the dam usage rights and the basic priorities in water use. This IWRM pilot model, which promotes the rational use of a dam by multiple users, successfully satisfied each stakeholder’s agreed-upon rights in 2019, the first project year.

Conflicting perceptions of quota-based systems in Australian fisheries

Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) have been implemented in many fisheries in Australia and elsewhere, primarily in response to stock management challenges. However, unanticipated economic and social outcomes are also apparent, particularly for small-scale fishers. In December 2020, the Australian Senate initiated an Inquiry into the operations of ITQ management systems in Australian fisheries. Submissions were made by individual fishers, industry organisations, fisheries managers, research groups and others, detailing their perceptions on performance in terms of environmental, social and economic outcomes. We summarise the key points raised in the submissions, identifying areas where claims and perceptions were similar or diverse for the different groups. We find that the individual fishers who made submissions were largely negative about the impacts of ITQs in terms of all three outcome domains, whereas industry organisations and others were mostly positive overall. Social issues, particularly ownership of quota by non-fishers (i.e. investors), were flagged by most groups as a problem with the current system. Addressing these concerns with ITQ systems may be difficult. Enshrinement as user rights means that small-scale fisheries and local communities may be disadvantaged in the long-term due to past trade-offs favouring economic and ecological sustainability over social impacts.

Gripe Sites and Trademark User Rights: Lessons from Canada's Cooperstock Case

Gripe Sites and Trademark User Rights: Lessons from Canada's Cooperstock Case

Актуальні питання публічного адміністрування у сфері користування землями в межах функціонування ринку земель сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні (сучасні проблеми та шляхи вдосконалення)

The qualitative development of a democratic society and the improvement of the functions of the rule of law in our country are closely connected with the understanding of human rights, including in the field of land relations. After all, the land, its subsoil and other natural resources located on the territory of Ukraine, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, are the objects of property rights of the Ukrainian people exclusively, and are a national treasure. Today, Ukraine is undergoing a complex process of reforming land relations and adapting them to modern political, economic and social needs, especially in an open market for agricultural land. With an extremely strong agro-industrial potential, Ukraine has a significant role to play in overcoming the global food crisis. However, in the current system there is no competent and balanced state policy, and appropriate mechanisms for its implementation, on the integrated development of land relations and adaptation of land reform in Ukraine. As never before, there is a need for quality and effective public administration in the field of land use within the functioning of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. With the beginning of land status in Ukraine, new questions arose about the directions and mechanisms of improving land relations, the formation of the land market, the solution of which involves scientific and practical clarification of a wide range of problems in its infrastructure. Due to the introduction of a new wave of land reform in Ukraine, public administration in the field of land use of state and communal property should acquire a modern character. Along with the introduction of a transparent market for agricultural land, the reform also aims at transparent and efficient land management. One of the mandatory components of this goal is the introduction of an effective system of public administration in the field of land use of state and communal property. Thus, the formation of effective public administration in the field of land use within the functioning of the agricultural land market in Ukraine, including taking into account international experience, would ensure quality and rational use and protection of land in Ukraine, guarantee the rights of land owners and users and effective governance, which requires a systematic and scientific approach to addressing issues.

Protection of property and non-property rights of internet users

Protection of property and non-property rights of internet users

Relevance and prospects of the development of Privileged Access Management solutions

The subject matter of the article is cyber security incidents related to the violation of the rights of privileged users and the development of the market of PAM solutions over the past five years — 2017–2022. And there is also a process of safe and secure granting of access permissions to the organization's information systems with the provision and tracking of secure user activity in the company's business network and cloud environment. The goal and tasks are: determining the relevance and need for management and administrator access control tools, as well as studying the growth trends of the PAM service market. Determination of prospects for the development of a strategy for the implementation of PAM solutions for or in cloud environments. The methods used are: forecasting methods based on market analysis and conclusions from the presented reports of international companies regarding the development of PAM solutions and increasing demand for system data in the future, as well as observing trends in the transition of organizations' activities to the cloud environment with the development of cloud services: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. The following results were obtained: the reports of CIS Controls, OWASP, Balabit, Gartner, Allied Marked Research and studies of global vendors: Heimdal security, Microsoft, IBM were considered, which made it possible to draw the necessary conclusions and prove the feasibility of using and increasing demand for PAM systems in the next ten years and prove the prospects and the need to implement a new PAM development strategy in the cloud through integration and blurring the boundaries with IAM. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained market research results indicates that the interest of PAM solutions on the part of customers, who will be aware of the need for access control tools for administrators, determines the further development and competitiveness of these systems. Increasing attack surfaces, increased security risks, the need to keep up with modern business processes — all this requires the implementation of new PAM solutions with an increased level of security, automation, as well as integration to ensure comprehensive information protection, which will become an integral part of the overall strategy information and cyber security of both enterprises and state institutions.

MODEL OF ADAPTIVE ACCESS RIGHTS MANAGEMENT USING PETRI NETS

The article describes the conceptual model of adaptive management of cybersecurity of the information and educational environment of a modern university (IOSU). Petri nets are used as a mathematical apparatus to solve the problem of adaptive management of access rights of IOS users. A simulation model is proposed and modeling in PIPE v4.3.0 package is performed. The possibility of automating the procedures of user profile adjustment to minimize or neutralize cyber threats in IOS is shown. The model of distribution of tasks of the user in computer networks of IOSU is offered. The model, in contrast to the existing ones, is based on the mathematical apparatus of Petri nets and contains variables that reduce the power of the state space. The method of access control (ICPD) has been supplemented. The additions addressed aspects of the verification of access rights, which are required by the tasks and requirements of the security policy, the degree of coherence of tasks and allowed access to the IOSU nodes. Adjusting security rules and metrics for new tasks or reallocating tasks is described in Petri net notation.

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION ON SOCIAL MEDIA IN GEORGIA – CASE FOR THE URGENT NEED OF ONLINE REGULATION

The article discusses challenges existing that stem from the use of social media in Georgia and what are the legal mechanisms that can be put in place to address these challenges. Lack of case law in Georgian courts, leaves Georgian users in a vulnerable state. Georgian users of social media feel unprotected when it comes to violation of their basic human rights. These human right violations have become very challenging for all countries but especially for fragile democracies like Georgia where majority of the population are active users of social media platforms (mainly Facebook). It is important that some sort of mechanism similar to the “Dispute Resolution Body” is put in place that would protect rights of users of social media in Georgia.

Sharing Radio Spectrum for Research and Innovation

In most countries academic researchers have access to advanced academic telecommunications networks and infrastructures to test and demonstrate the results of their research work. These networks are usually funded by national or regional public authorities. To provide access to the academic networks on a wider scale, European and international collaboration initiatives have been taken. For the fixed network environment this may suffice but the situation is different in the wireless context, partly because here, researchers must, in one way or another, obtain spectrum usage rights. Today spectrum usage rights can be quite easily obtained in the restricted territorial space of a testbed. Yet, small-scale testbeds are not sufficient anymore for realistic validation, and the scientific community today needs large-scale field deployments working with the same radio spectrum as the commercial networks and capable of supporting new technologies and services. The evolution from lab testbeds to field deployments is required to increase the validation capabilities for complex systems like connected cars, massive Internet of Things (IoT) or eHealth solutions. Appropriate frequency bands, needed by researchers to carry out, for example, large-scale 5G experiments, are generally allocated via auctions and on an exclusive basis to large mobile network operators. While it is perfectly feasible for these MNOs to keep dedicated slices for tests and demonstrations in their networks separate from their day-to-day operations without negative effects for the latter, there are few regulatory mechanisms for stimulating MNOs to make parts of their spectrum usage rights available for the academic research community. All EU Member States allow short-term licenses for the use of radio spectrum for research, testing, and experimental purposes, but procedures, requirements, and costs for obtaining such license vary significantly. These national differences do not allow for the creation of a persistent and pan-European network of wireless capacity for research, testing, and experimental purposes. On the secondary market, leasing or transferring radio spectrum usage rights is possible, and procedures seem more harmonized.

Core Competencies to Promote Consistency and Standardization of Best Practices for Digital Peer Support: Focus Group Study.

BackgroundAs digital peer support is quickly expanding across the globe in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, standardization in the training and delivery of digital peer support can advance the professionalism of this field. While telehealth competencies exist for other fields of mental health practice, such as social work, psychiatry, and psychology, limited research has been done to develop and promote digital peer support competencies.ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to introduce the coproduction of core competencies that can guide digital peer support.MethodsPeer support specialists were recruited through an international listserv and participated in a 1-hour virtual focus group. A total of four focus groups were conducted with 59 peer support specialists from 11 US states and three countries.ResultsAnalysis was conducted using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique, and 10 themes were identified: (1) protecting the rights of service users, (2) technical knowledge and skills in the practice of digital peer support, (3) available technologies, (4) equity of access, (5) digital communication skills, (6) performance-based training, (7) self-care, (8) monitoring digital peer support and addressing digital crisis, (9) peer support competencies, and (10) health literacy (emerging). The authors present recommendations based on these themes.ConclusionsThe introduction of digital peer support core competencies is an initial first step to promote the standardization of best practices in digital peer support. The established competencies can potentially act as a guide for training and skill development to be integrated into US state peer support specialist competencies and to enhance competencies endorsed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

Evaluation of agricultural land: theoretical aspects

Purpose – the currently existing market prices for land in the republic, various types of payment for it on a single methodological basis are considered. Methods – analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, logical, in order to ensure the rational use and protection of land, protect the rights of owners, land users and tenants, create an objective basis for setting land prices, land tax and rent. Results – the author states that in Kazakhstan market prices for land have not yet been formed, and the mechanism of payment for it does not stimulate the rational use of land resources. There is an obvious need to improve the economic mechanism for regulating land relations, reflecting differences in the quality of soils, depending on natural and artificial fertility, natural and climatic conditions of a certain area, location of land plots that affect such important indicators as gross production, gross and net income, profit. It has been justified that the economic assessment of the land value, i.e. determination of the comparative land value as a means of production in agriculture, contributes to the development of financial instruments of land and property policy of the country, region, stimulation of investment and the development of entrepreneurship. Conclusions – the value of a land plot should be determined taking into account all expected income and benefits from its use. In this sense, the evaluation of agricultural land in market conditions is the identification with the income they generate, which is based on the theory of land rent.

End User Rights, Equal Treatment of Traffic, and Compatibility of Zero Tariff Offers with the Open Internet Access Regulation. CJEU Telenor Judgment in CASES C-807/18 and C-39/19 – A Case Comment

This case comment concerns the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Telenor case. The CJEU responded to a request for a preliminary ruling by the Budapest High Court, which related to the use of zero tariff offers in commercial practices and agreements on internet access services. Zero tariffs consist in the traffic generated by specific applications or services not counting towards deductions in an end user’s data allowance in a given billing period. The CJEU came to the conclusion that such offers are incompatible with Article 3(3) of Regulation 2015/2120 on open internet access, if they involve traffic management measures blocking or slowing down all internet content other than the content subject to a zero tariff, once an end user’s data allowance has been exhausted. Finding this incompatibility does not require an assessment of the scale of the practice, and its influence on end user rights. Such an assessment would be necessary to establish incompatibility with Article 3(2) of Regulation 2015/2120. However, finding incompatibility with Article 3(3) makes it possible for national regulatory authorities to refrain from analyzing incompatibility with Article 3(2).

ENTITLEMENT TO USE OF SUBJECTS OF GENERAL LAND RIGHTS GRANTED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS: SOME PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION

The right to use land is integral to ensuring its efficient use. The consistency, complexity and stability of legal regulation of the relevant public relations are designed to ensure the protection of the rights of land users. The article analyzes the scientific approaches, legislation and its practical applications on certain problematic issues of the implementation of the right to use land plots under common law. The author made proposals that can be used to improve legislation on the protection and use of land. Appropriate changes and additions will help to reduce the total number of land disputes, their prompt and reasonable resolution, as well as protect the rights of land users in the exercise of their rights to use land on common law, including from encroachments by other participants in this right.

Автоматизация оценки профессиональных качеств и компетенций сотрудников предприятия

The article discusses designing and developing an automated information system for assessing the professional qualities and competencies of the enterprise employees. There has been noted the system’s ability to test the employees, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise and the individual achievements of employees. There has been analyzed an integrated method that allows composing individual test tasks consisting of tests and routine problems, whose sequence is determined by the answers of the employees tested. The automated information system is implemented as a one-page SPA application. Vue.js and Express.js frameworks are used. In the process of designing an automated information system the main functional requirements were determined, the structure of the database was developed. The system implements the principles of access control based on the differentiation of user rights. The roles of users and administrator are defined. The architecture of the developed automated information system based on the client-server approach has been designed. The function of creating tests in the developed system allows creating tests with different types of questions and forming different individual trajectories of testing the knowledge of the company’s employees, taking into account its specifics

Kewenangan Pemerintah Kota Denpasar dalam Penerapan Jalur Khusus Sepeda

Realizing an environmentally friendly city of Denpasar is one of the balancing concepts in the development of an environmentally friendly city. Changing the mode of transportation to environmentally friendly transportation, such as the use of bicycles, can prevent congestion. One of the government's real actions is the government's authority on bicycle lanes as a necessity for the community. The purposes of this study are to reveal the form of authority of the Denpasar City Government in Streamlining the Application of Bicycle Paths and forms of legal protection for bicycle lane users based on Law Number 22 Year 2009 in Denpasar City. The type of legal research used in this research is empirical legal research with a statutory approach. The data collection techniques were carried out by reading, recording, quoting, summarizing and analyzing the data and information obtained from the relevant agencies, namely the Denpasar City Transportation Service. After obtaining primary legal materials and secondary legal materials which are then processed and analyzed systematically, data is obtained that the authority of the Denpasar City government in making the use of bicycle lanes effective is to provide bicycle lane facilities at several points scattered in the Denpasar City area, such as on Jalan Sudirman , Jalan Letda Made Putra, Jalan Letda Tantular and at several other points. Meanwhile, legal protection for bicycle lane users contains the rights of bicycle lane users, such as the mandatory provision of bicycle lane facilities by the government to ensure the safety and comfort of cyclists, freedom from fear in traffic, and avoidance of traffic hazards.

User participation in perioperative hospital care research: a methodological framework for a research program

It is important to study the well-being of patients and their relatives after receiving hospital treatment, as both the healthcare professional and the political attention towards user participation is constantly increasing. In this study, user participation is understood as a way to manage the user's rights, opportunity for choices and human rights through relationships and with their well-being as a common goal. Therefore, the health professionals’ understanding of this must be increased, evidence must increasingly form the basis for the chosen actions and the professional management must support a person-oriented clinical practice.The research program's theoretical perspective for perioperative nursing is presented in this article, and it is based on answering person-oriented Fundamental of Care questions and as a methodological challenge to have user involvement as a constant activity. This theoretical and methodological choice guides the continued development of the research program. Perioperative nursing is understood from the time the patient meets the nurse at the time of admission until the time of discharge after the elective surgical treatment is completed. To our knowledge no studies regarding the outcome of FoC for the perioperative patient have been conducted.We address healthcare providers’ actions, starting from when a nurse admits a patient until the day of discharge after treatment is complete, and nursing care related to elective surgical procedures in Norwegian and Danish non-university hospitals. The research program seeks insight into the experiences of current and former patients and relatives as well as the healthcare professionals who perform the treatment in Norwegian and Danish non-university hospitals.Based on results from this research program, we expect to be able to increase the healthcare professionals’ competencies in Fundamental Care and to increase their openness regarding user involvement, options and human rights for the benefit of surgical patients well-being.

Copyright administration in academic libraries in Ghana

The adverse outcomes of copyright violations to most businesses and Higher Education Institutions which depend on copyright in their operations have led these businesses and institutions to put in place stiffer measures with the view to avoiding lawsuits. Data collected from 38 library staff and head librarians from two public and two private universities using questionnaires and one-on-one interviews were used in a sequential mixed methods approach to investigate the mechanisms for copyright administration that ensure a balance of stakeholder rights in academic libraries in Ghana. Although participants had knowledge of the permitted use clauses in the copyright laws of Ghana they did not know of their right, and the right of library users to permitted use for: “Private copying,” “Illustrations for instructions,” and “For the benefit of libraries and archives.” Copyright was thus being administered to the disadvantage of library users. Library staff also lacked confidence, and rather shifted responsibility to other departments in the interpretation of the copyright laws. Thus, awareness of the law per se is only one part of the equation, the other part being its proper interpretation and administration.

Understanding entity shared product usage: an innovation-adoption coupling model

PurposeConsumer adoption of shared products is a prerequisite for successful commercialization. The purpose of this paper is to explore what innovative characteristics of entity shared products can accommodate consumers' concerns and are likely to motivate adoption of consumers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a conceptual model that combined the innovation diffusion theory and technology acceptance model to explore shared products adoption. It identified the direct and indirect effects of perceived app ease of use/online, perceived convenience of access/offline, perceived utility advantages and personal innovativeness on shared products adoption intention. Structural equation modeling was used for analyzing the questionnaire data from a sample of 479 users who used entity shared products such as shared cars, shared bicycles and shared power banks for mobile phones.FindingsThe empirical tests indicate that perceived utility advantages based on market innovation, perceived accessibility of usage rights based on technology innovation (including perceived app ease of use/online and perceived convenience of access/offline) and consumer personal innovativeness are the key factors affecting consumer adoption.Originality/valueThis paper constructs an innovation-adoption coupling model of entity shared products to understand shared products usage. The findings provide useful practical guidance for the design and development of shared products and “usage rights economy” business applications.

Privacy-preserving Secure Media Streaming for Multi-user Smart Environments

Over the last years, our lifestyle has been positively upset by the sudden advent of technology. The Internet of Things (IoT), offering universal and ubiquitous connectivity to both people and objects, revealed to be the silver bullet for enabling a vast number of previously unexpected applications. In particular, media streaming providers are growing in business and scope, and we can forecast that soon, video streaming will substitute TV broadcasting activities. With the increasing success of multi-user smart environments, empowered by new-generation smart devices and IoT architectures, multimedia contents (i.e., images and videos) need to be effectively accessed anytime and anywhere. Recent advances in computer vision technologies have made the development of intelligent monitoring systems for video surveillance and ambient-assisted living. Such a scenario permits better integration among technologies, multimedia content, and end-users. However, there are several challenges, and some are still open. More precisely, due to the sensitivity of some multimedia content (e.g., video-surveillance streams), it is paramount to preserve users’ privacy. Again, it is necessary to guarantee the integrity of usage rights during any multimedia transmission process, starting from the video encoding phase. In this way, the private content is disclosed only when the stream is decoded on the other endpoint, by the legitimate user. In this article, we present a secure video transmission strategy that can address the challenges mentioned above. The proposed strategy takes advantage of both watermarking and video scrambling techniques to make it possible for the secure and privacy-preserving transmission of multimedia streaming. Through our proposal, multimedia streaming is of low quality and thus unusable. However, it can be fully recovered and enjoyed only by authorized users. Finally, due to its low complexity and energy-efficiency, our proposal is particularly suitable for onboard implementations.

Protect the Filter Bubbles

In 2018, Knight v. Trump sparked discussion about the boundaries between government and citizen speech on social media. Some scholars argued that the courts erred in their decision to characterize the speech in question as government speech. Others argued that the court decided correctly and claimed that the use of forum analysis was necessary to protect both the health of our democracy and the First Amendment rights of social media users. Within the context of algorithmic curation of social media feeds, this article argues that (1) social media platforms are not designated public forums due to the algorithmic curation of online user speech, (2) due to this, the public forum doctrine should not have been applied to the Knight v. Trump case, (3) despite this, user speech rights should be protected online. It also reviews proposed models of thinking that could address unresolved issues of the case.