Rights In Russia Research Articles

The Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Indigenous Small-numbered Peoples’ Rights in Russia

This article discusses how the war in Ukraine, started by Russia, impacts the lives of Russian Indigenous small-numbered peoples. First, one can observe Russia’s growing disregard for its international legal obligations. Second, the Russian State is continuously introducing new sanctions against persons and organizations who do not support the Russian regime. Third, the pressure on Indigenous peoples’ representatives is increasing. Fourth, a significant number of members of Indigenous small-numbered peoples actively participate in the war due to, inter alia, socio-economic problems and lack of reliable and objective information about it. Fifth, there is a decline in international cooperation with the Indigenous small-numbered peoples of Russia. Finally, it is visible that the role of Indigenous peoples, including Russian Indigenous peoples, in international decision-making changes.

Focus IBBY

Focus IBBY Liz Page (bio) International Children’s Book Day 2022 The 2022 International Children’s Book Day (ICBD) is sponsored by IBBY Canada. The theme is Stories are wings that help you soar every day. Julie Flett and Richard Van Camp have designed the poster to provide the message to the children of the world. Julie Flett is a Cree-Métis author, illustrator, and artist who has been honored with the Governor General’s Award, the TD Canadian Children’s Literature Award, the Lieutenant Governor’s Award for Literary Excellence, and the American Indian Library Association Award. Richard Van Camp is a Dogrib a Tłıc ̨hǫ writer from Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, and the award-winning author of twenty-six books. Stories are wings that help you soar every day.Reading is Freedom. Reading is Breath.Reading lets you see our world in a new way and it invitesyou into worlds you never want to leave.Reading allows your spirit to dreamThey say books are friends for life and I agree.The perfect universe of you only grows when you read.Stories are wings that help you soar every day so find thebooks that speak to your spirit, to your heart, to your mind.Stories are medicine. They heal. They comfort. They inspire.They teach.Bless the storytellers and the readers and the listeners. Bless books.They are the medicine for a better, brighter world.Mahsi cho. Thank you very much. Richard Van Camp Click for larger view View full resolution More information about ICBD 2022 and how to order copies of the poster can be found at www.ibby-canda.org. Reflections from the 37th IBBY Congress Moscow, Russia, September 10–12, 2021 The decision to hold the 37th IBBY World Congress in Moscow was made by the IBBY Executive Committee in Bologna in 2015. From the start, it was not plain sailing due to the worries about border conflicts and then later by the government’s stance on LGBTQ+ rights in Russia. Nevertheless, the IBBY Executive Committee kept a close eye on the situation while supporting our IBBY Russia colleagues in their preparations. No one knew at that time what lay ahead! Russian literature has had a strong influence on children’s literature in the world, and IBBY wanted to emphasize the positive aspects of the country as well as follow our goal of promoting peace through children’s [End Page 110] books. IBBY Russia/Raising Readers Association also wanted to share their very rich heritage as well as showcase the latest trends in children’s literature in Russia. When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in early 2020, travel became restricted, borders were closed, and in-person meetings were held online. It was with a heavy heart that the IBBY Executive Committee made the decision in April 2020 to postpone the 37th Congress to 2021. Our colleagues in Moscow had reached the same conclusion, and thus the Congress moved to September 2021. There was still a lot to accomplish, and a hybrid event was planned with in-person attendance as well as online participation. It was a huge challenge and we have learned much in the process. The program was developed and speakers were approached. Several of the original keynote speakers agreed to the new plan and many oral sessions were organized. The Scientific Committee worked hard to prepare an inclusive, interesting, and wide-reaching program. The Congress organizers worked with an IT company to build an online platform that could be universally used around the world in the many different time zones and languages. After all this hard work, the Congress opened in Moscow on Friday, September 10, at the State Museum of Alexander Pushkin. Finally, representatives from thirty countries could attend the Congress in person. The opening began with a very talented young pianist playing, followed by a short welcome by Vladimir Tolstoy, the cultural advisor to the president of the Russian Federation. IBBY President Mingzhou Zhang also welcomed the participants via a prerecorded message. He referred to the work being done by IBBY members across the world: As IBBY members, we work towards bringing children and books together. Even...

History of the development of cultural rights in Russia: general analysis

History of the development of cultural rights in Russia: general analysis

Online Propaganda, Censorship and Human Rights in Russia's War Against Reality

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has exposed the capriciousness of state and corporate power over human rights online. Events since the invasion have demonstrated the coercive power of the state over online expression, privacy, and public protest. Russia's longtime “war against reality” has deepened in its repression and is dependent on the raw power of criminal law enforcement, surveillance by security forces, censorship by its media regulator, and legal and extralegal demands against internet platforms. Without drawing an equivalence, the European Union has imposed a comprehensive ban on Russian state-controlled media outlets, encouraged in part by the Ukrainian government, whose moral authority under the circumstances has been particularly strong. Notwithstanding state power over them, technology companies continue to be capable of causing or mitigating, if not preventing, human rights harms. Foreign companies and local partners have heroically maintained internet access in Ukraine and resisted Russian censorship and propaganda, the latter resulting in the blocking of key internet platforms by Russia. It is the latest chapter in the struggle among governments, companies, and individuals to control online space. But it is also an opportunity for reflection, for while the Kremlin has flouted its international obligations, governments and companies committed to human rights law cannot so behave. They should exercise their power over public space according to transparent rule of law standards of non-discrimination, legality, necessity, and legitimacy. A headlong rush to Russia-specific rules and enforcement, unmoored from public articulation of human rights standards, risks corroding the global normative framework for fundamental rights online.

Legal methods of resolving family disputes

Consideration of issues of protection of family rights in Russia is conditioned by a special social aspect. Today, this problem is acutely traced in the legislative aspect, in particular from the point of view of the tendency to level family values, on the basis of which a modern model of private law protection of family rights and legally protected interests should be built. We should also not forget that not all relationships that arise in the family circle are amenable to clear legal regulation. In such cases, the value, moral and legal regulators of family relations come to the fore, which are of no small importance for the use of special methods and methods of private legal protection of family rights. Thus, the task of legal regulation of relations between modern civil and family legislation comes to the fore and it consists in creating a working, effective socially oriented basis for the maintenance and development of the family, which, in turn, will include effective methods of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of its members, conditions for their exercise of independent powers in personal non-property and property relations, with the use of a law enforcement mechanism to ensure family legal protection.

The main directions of reforming the institute of the officer for human rights in Russia in the public authority system

The main directions of reforming the institute of the officer for human rights in Russia in the public authority system

Na autorytarnym kursie

An Authoritarian Course: The Restriction of Civil Rights in Russia after 2012 This article regards the issue of Russian civil rights legislation, which has become very repressive after 2012. It focuses on legal restriction of all political and social activities that are beyond the control of the authorities, in particular the freedom of public meetings. Another goal of the Kremlin's repressive policy is the Internet, which has become the only space for freedom of speech in Russia. The new legislation tries to prevent this by two mechanisms: censorship and self-censorship. The consistent restriction of freedom of speech in Russia proves the growing anxiety of the ruling group, which fears that in the conditions of the deteriorating economic situation, it may lose control over public mood. The analysis of the legislation against civil rights in Russia shows that in recent years the scope of these rights has been constantly reduced. This leads to the conclusion that the main goal of the discussed changes in the law is the complete elimination of independent civic activity perceived as one of the main threats to the authorities.

Protection of minor rights in Russia and European Union countries

The goal of the study is to develop the problem of minor rights and legitimate interest protection theoretically. Discussion: A comprehensive analysis of the system for protection the rights of this category of citizens was carried out to achieve this goal. At the same time, special attention is paid to the basic concepts and approaches used for the implementation of the studied legal relations in Russia and the EU countries. Result: they revealed the features of minor right protection system in the Russian Federation and some EU states.

Trusts and beneficiary ownership concept in Russian law and practice

Abstract This article outlines the regulatory landscape of the use of trusts by Russian residents and the implementation of the concept of beneficial ownership by the Russian legal system. The researcher describes an attempt to introduce trusts into the Russian legal system. The article also deals with trusts created by Russian residents abroad. In addition, the approaches of the Russian courts to the beneficial ownership concept, in the context of trusts and offshore companies are also discussed. The author analyses a number of cases which shed light on the issue of recognition of beneficiary owners’ rights in Russia.

Contracting in a void: The role of the banking sector in developing property rights in Russia

Despite a history of autocratic and uneven governance, resulting in erratic development of key economic institutions, the financial sector in Russia has been a consistent bright spot in the country’s history. In particular, the banking sector thrived during the Tsarist era and, despite a long hiatus during communism, is now a developed and modern system similar to that in advanced economies. This paper examines the history of financial sector development in Russia, with an emphasis on the role of the banking sector in substituting for other institutional failings within the economy. In particular, we assert that bank deposits in Russia served as ersatz property rights in a low-quality institutional environment, representing an alternative institutional framework to the country’s consistently repressive governance. Using time-series techniques on banking data in Russia during its transition period, our econometric results show that deposits in the banking sector did in fact correlate strongly with declines in property rights, even after controlling for a host of plausible other explanations. We conclude that the persistence of bank deposits as the preferred financial instrument of consumers is because they provide incipient property rights when the Russian government refused (or was unable) to.

Activities of the human rights commissioners in the Russian Federation in the field of political rights: current challenges

The article covers the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation in the field of political rights. The current dynamic of the institution of political rights is emphasized not only by increasing the powers to exercise constitutionally enshrined political rights and by numerically increasing of the group studied, but also by broadening their objectives, for example, maintaining trust in authority. The author concludes that the prevention of risks in the field of political rights through legal education in the field of human rights, raising the level of legal awareness of citizens today is a relevant and necessary activity of the Commissioners for Human Rights in Russia. Ultimately, their educational activities — at first glance, indirect in terms of political rights, should be aimed at restoring confidence in public authority. Trust is the base for the sustainable development of the Russia and civil society, which is the basis for an active living position, manifested primarily in the field of political rights. On the base of the analysis of sectoral legislation, was formulated proposals for its reform and directions of activities within the stated topic.

LEGISLATIVE FUNCTION OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN RUSSIA

The purpose of the study. In this article, based on the analysis of constitutional and legal provisions and theoretical sources, the law-making function of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia is considered. The purpose of the study was to identify the content of the legislative function of the Ombudsman, as well as to develop proposals and recommendations aimed at modernizing the constitutional and legal regulation of the designated function of the Commissioner. Conclusions. In the course of the study, it is concluded that it is advisable to give the right of legislative initiative to those commissioners who are appointed by legislative (representative) bodies at both the federal and regional levels, regardless of whether they perform the functions of “general competence” or belong to specialized ombudsmen. It is noted that the function of the Ombudsman to improve legislation (legislative function) in the field of human rights is important in the process of eliminating shortcomings and gaps in existing legislative acts and bringing them into line with international standards.

Digital Law and Digital Rights in Russia: Polemical Notes

Digitalization has become omnipresent today. No longer limited to the security sphere, digital technologies are actively transforming society as a whole. However, the conservative institution of law does not always respond promptly to changes, and many lawyers believe that the traditional legislation in force is sufficient to handle this new object of regulation. Yet the fact is that this object cannot be called traditional from the regulatory standpoint. Technology has a powerful impact on both law and the state and so requires new solutions. Under such circumstances, it is important to gain a legal understanding of digitalization without delay. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of legal regulation of digital technologies in Russia. By employing classical legal methods for analyzing doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, the author comes to the conclusion that digital law is a new branch of law. At the same time, its most significant aspect is the regulation of digital rights — subjective rights associated with the use of digital technologies. Despite the neutral and universal character of technologies, a comparative legal approach allows us to identify the specific features of Russian digital law, as well as the nuances of the regulation and protection of digital rights in Russia. The present article reflects the author’s position and strives to inspire further discussion about these issues.

Предпосылки оформления феминистского дискурса в русской социологии XIX в.: М. И. Михайлов .

The article considers the ideas of the Russian writer, poet and journalist M. I. Mikhailov, that became intellectual prerequisites for the formation of feminist discourse in Russian sociology of the XIX century. Domestic thinkers have contributed greatly to the emergence in Russia of feminism as a social phenomenon and the theory of feminism in the history of Russian social thought. The specifics of historical and cultural development have influenced the reflection of many issues within the social sciences, including the need to explore the “female issue” in sociology. The author shows that the problem of the position of women in society is markedly expressed in the context of Russian culture and is widely revealed in Russian literature in the works of famous writers, poets, journalists, philosophers, in particular in the works of M. Mikhailov. This article can be considered as an attempt to develop and deepen courses on the history of Russian sociology, it gives an idea of how feminist discourse was formed in classical sociology. The presentation of the problem of inequality, overcoming the dependent position of women and ensuring their rights in Russia differs from the Western specificity. This difference is reflected in the works of M. Mikhailov. The author shows significant influence on shaping the feminist discourse of European scholars, on the one hand. On the other hand, the author describes a revision and critical analysis of these ideas in the works of the Russian writer. The article analyzed Mikhailov’s creativity as one of the components of the process of spiritual and intellectual development of Russian social thought, immediately preceding the emergence of sociology in Russia and the formation of feminist discourse within some leading scientific schools.

Information Flows Concerning Human Rights Protection in the Digital Representation Structure of Russians’ Civic Engagement in 2020: Results of Social Media Analysis

In the article, the author analysed the structural and content characteristics of the information flow, reflecting the discussion of the problems of protecting the individual’s rights in Russia as a type of civic activity of Russian Internet users. As a result of particular software use, the author accumulated a relevant array of social media document and the dynamics, the modality of the flow, its distribution across various social media, the gender and interpreted age composition of the human rights information audience flow. The author concluded that a sufficiently high potential for protest mobilization of this type of digital stream triggers top-starters of human rights discourse in social media to form non-constructive civic attitudes of Russians. Signs of a significant influence of the human rights stream, first of all, among the younger generation are shown. The author identified methods of using the most resonant events in Russian society’s socio-political life by online network opposition leaders to form unconventional Russians’ attitudes by placing these events in the context of a violation of individual rights. It predetermines a shift in meanings and meanings in the sphere of perception by Russian internet users of the ratio of rights and obligations citizens in the Russian Federation. The necessity of monitoring social and media streams representing the human rights theme in the structure of all streams reflecting the digital civic activity of Russian users is substantiated, the importance of accompanying these streams from the standpoint of creating alternative discourses aimed at overcoming the problem of undermining trust in existing government institutions and contributing to the formation of a culture of constructive civic activity of Russians in digital and offline environments.

The politics of scale in global governance: Do more stringent international forest certification standards protect local rights in Russia?

This paper interrogates how the increasing stringency of international rules on Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC), as reflected in the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)’s certification standards, is shaping the rights afforded indigenous and local communities in Russia. Viewing the FSC as a ‘global governance generating network’ (GGN) that gains rule-making authority through diverse ‘forums of negotiation’ at multiple scales, we examine how international rules are negotiated and re-configured regarding 1) the ‘scope’ of requirements – who is included or excluded from FPIC and 2) ‘prescriptiveness' – the level and specificity of the rights afforded to FPIC holders.We find that Russian stakeholders perceive the increasing prescriptiveness of FSC's global FPIC policies as disrupting their existing norms of negotiated compromise, and originating from well-defined and politically influential indigenous populations elsewhere in the world. This has spurred intense debate on the scope of who should qualify for FPIC in Russia. While FSC-Russia's Social Chamber members have used formal standard-setting processes to negotiate for the increased stringency and scope of some FPIC requirements, industry-backed forums have inserted numerous exceptions, and drawn on external expertise and legal counsel to further restrict who counts as an FPIC rights-holder. These ongoing contestations highlight the risk that prescriptive international standards protecting local rights may narrow the scope of whose rights matter in their local implementation.

Russian Law Codes in the 19th and 20th Century and Women: From Gaps and Inequalities to Legal Recognition and Legal Equality

The article is devoted to the main problems in overcoming the gaps in women’s rights and establishing the principle of equality of the sexes in Russia in the 19th and 20th century. Historically, the legal status of women in Russia covered only marriage, family and inheritance relations. However, during the period covered by this article, the legislator ensured the political rights of women and recognized women as independent subjects of public law. The problem of the legal status of women in Russia has recently acquired not only theoretical, but also practical significance. The study of this problem was carried out relying not only on scientific articles, but also on legal sources and historical documents, such as the Collection of laws and orders of the government of Saint-Petersburg, Decree of the Provisional Government of July 20 1917 etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the evolutionary path of women’s rights in Russia had its own identity, while taking into account the experience and legislative practice of other countries.

Some Issues of Administrative Responsibility for Violation of Disabled Rights in Russia

The definition of «social protection of persons with disabilities» is contained in the Federal Law «On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in the Russian Federation», which means a system of economic and legal measures, as well as social support measures that are guaranteed by the state, and are aimed at providing people with disabilities with conditions to overcome and replace restrictions life, and also aimed at creating equal conditions with other citizens and opportunities for participation in society. Since ratification, the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Russian Federation has undertaken to take appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities have access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transport, as well as to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, as appropriate normative legal acts. At the same time, in the Russian Federation there is no normative legal act containing a clear mechanism for implementing measures aimed at adapting social infrastructure facilities to ensure unhindered access for people with disabilities and other people with limited mobility, which allows officials to evade the implementation of measures creation. The purpose of this study is to study and analyze the legal regulation of the basic rights of persons with disabilities and administrative responsibility for their violation. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set. Firstly, to analyze the judicial practice for dealing with complaints regarding the implementation of the rights of persons with disabilities. Secondly, to establish typical shortcomings in the consideration of these complaints and determine the causes of their occurrence. The study was carried out using the methods of materialistic dialectics, statistical, comparative, as well as formal legal. The study revealed the shortcomings of legal regulation in the field of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, as well as formulate recommendations for addressing these shortcomings.

Problems in the organization of the Institute's activities The Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia and ways to solve them

Problems in the organization of the Institute's activities The Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia and ways to solve them

Ancient Mines of the South Urals

The article presents the intermediate results of a historical research, whose purpose is to determine the distribution of ancient mining operations (Chud mines) in the South Urals. Travel journals of the participants of academic expeditions of 1768–1774 — P. S. Pallas, I. I. Lepekhin, N. P. Rychkov and I. P. Falk — were taken as published written sources. The unpublished written sources mainly include archival documents from the period of owning mineral rights in Russia in 1739–1782 stored in the archives of Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk. It was established that the copper mines of the 18th century were seasonally subdivided into “summer pits” and “winter mines”. The extraction of copper ore in winter was common, which allows extrapolating it to earlier periods of mining in the South Urals. A distinctive feature of ancient underground mining operations is the vaulted character of adits, while similar mines of the 18th century are characterized by rock tunneling “under the support structures”. The “summer pits” of both periods without archeological exploration and archival documents do not have singular features. It was also established that the geography of the location of ancient mountain mines is not limited to the area of occurrence of cuprous sandstones of the Cisural area. Following the study by Grigory Spassky, the article states that ancient mining developments in the form of exploration pits and mines are in abundance in the Southern Trans-Urals. They stretch along the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in a narrow strip from the Krasnokhty and Shartymka rivers to the left bank of the Ural River and go to the Mugodzhar region.