Ridit Analysis Research Articles

Critical Success Barriers (CSB) to Rental Housing Policy Implementation in Urban India

Barriers to rental housing (RH) pose significant challenges to urban development in India. This study examines critical success barriers (CSBs) to implementing RH policies, offering novel insights into this underexplored area. Despite rising demand for RH, significant obstacles hinder effective policy execution. Through expert surveys with 36 respondents and RIDIT analysis, the research identifies and prioritizes 16 CSBs, categorized into Regulatory and Institutional, Economic and Market, and Infrastructure and Development groups. Key findings reveal that the most critical barriers are inflexible rental agreements, negative social attitudes, and the absence of government incentives. These interdependent barriers impact the feasibility, attractiveness, and sustainability of RH projects. Inflexible agreements limit participation, negative social attitudes hinder inclusive development, and lack of incentives reduces private investment. The study recommends revising rental agreements, providing substantial incentives to private investors, and promoting high-density development through modified zoning regulations. Emphasizing multi-level governance, stakeholder engagement, and regular policy evaluations is crucial for effective implementation. Addressing these barriers can enhance the RH sector's sustainability and scalability. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing a quantitative framework for identifying and prioritizing CSBs in the RH, offering valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and stakeholders in urban housing.

Research on the Application of Ridit Analysis Method to Human Capital in Different Regions

Research on the Application of Ridit Analysis Method to Human Capital in Different Regions

Translating victims’ perceptional variations into policy recommendations in the context of riverine floods in a tropical region

The study of human behaviour and perceptions regarding flood management strategies can help enhance the adaptive capacity of flood victims. An in-depth questionnaire survey was executed over a statistically significant sample size of 2382 households to assess the perception of flood victims regarding 27 parameters of existing flood management strategies in a tropical flood-prone region like the Mayurkashi River Basin, India. The techniques such as ridit analysis, spatial autocorrelation, Kruskal-Wallis test, principal component analysis, and Lewin's equation of human behaviour have been used to reveal the complexity of the perceptional pattern. The results found that there are four existing flood management strategies (1) local community initiatives, (2) initiatives taken by the government and others, (3) joint (local community and government) structural, and (4) joint non-structural measures. Ridit analysis depicted that perceptional variations are relatively higher for the indicator under government and other initiatives while relatively lower for the indicators under the local community initiatives. The higher perceptional variations for the parameters of the government initiatives imply the existence of a top-down approach. However, parameters under community initiatives register a lower perceptional variability indicating the relative objectivity in their opinions. The study also found that characteristics of perceivers (socio-economic traits), situation (flood event), and target (nature of management strategies) have been instrumental in driving the perceptional variation. Finally, the study emphasizes the need for the blending of the bottom-top approach with the existing top-down approaches in village-level planning in a participatory manner.

A Ridit Analysis of Formulation and Implementation Success of Strategic Planning for Sports Development Among the Universities of India

Purpose: The study's purpose was to analyze the formulation and implementation success of strategic planning for sports development in India's universities. Theoretical framework: The researcher considered the "competing values approach (CVA)," the work of organization theorists Quinn and Rohrbaugh (1981, 1983),' to measure organizational effectiveness. The researcher also considered the study of 'David Shilbury & Kathleen A. Moore (2006)' which is based on the "competing values approach (CVA)." Design/methodology/approach: This study was approached through a post-positivist paradigm with the concurrent design of mixed-method research. The 313 participants, who represented administrators, coaches, and players from India's three central universities, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire and interviewed using a semi-structured format. The three universities were Jamia Millia Islamia, Banaras Hindu University, and Aligarh Muslim University. The study used a multi-stage sampling method. At the onset, the three universities were selected purposively based on uniformity in their organizational structure, ordinances, academic calendar, and establishment age; finally, simple random sampling was utilized to determine the participants randomly from the selected universities. RIDIT analysis was used to analyze the questionnaire data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Findings: The study results revealed a dearth in the formulation of strategic planning and its successful implementation for sports development in the universities of India. Further research is needed to explore university sports in India. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study suggests that the university sports boards of the universities of India, particularly of the central universities, must recognize and consider the formulation of strategic planning along with its effective implementation procedure for the development of sports, which includes the formulation of the long-term strategic planning with clear and attainable objectives and the viability of how the formulated strategic planning can be resourced. The formulation of strategic planning must include the vision for the future development of sports, along with regular reviews based on its performance. The university sports boards will have to consult the administrators, coaches, experts, and their players to effectively formulate strategic planning with its successful implementation criterion. Well-organized strategic planning with a practical implementation criterion is the need of the hour to develop sports in Indian universities. Originality/value: This is to certify, that the research paper submitted by us is an outcome of our independent and original work. We have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. The article is free from plagiarism and has not been submitted elsewhere for publication.

Is the private sector becoming cleaner? Assessing the firms’ contribution to the 2030 Agenda

Since the 2030 Agenda was released in 2015, private companies have been called to play an active role in delivering the SDGs. Understanding their progress is therefore critical. This paper focuses on identifying those SDGs to which firms contribute the most, along with the effects of some factors on such contribution. The firms' contribution is assessed by a manual content analysis of 385 sustainability reports published between 2016 and 2020 by companies of different sizes, industries, and regions. Its significance is then evaluated using logistic regression and RIDIT analysis. Results indicate that the firms’ overall contribution to the SDGs is still symbolic and mostly a matter of legitimacy-seeking. Size, industry, and region strongly affect the magnitude of such a contribution, whereas no significant time trend is observed. The results also show that firms are most likely to contribute to goals related to economic and environmental targets. Overall, this research sheds further light on the actual contribution of firms to the SDGs and calls for a set of actions to boost the present low adoption of the 2030 Agenda.

Application of Neuroengineering Based on EEG Features in the Industrial Design of Comfort.

The smart wheelchair is a service robot that can be used as a means of transportation for the elderly and the disabled. The patients were given an intelligent wheelchair designed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which was used for more than 8 hours and tested continuously for 1 month. By ridit analysis, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (U = 3.72, P < 0.01). The scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and joint ground visuality (JGV) in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group. The modules of physiological function (PF), physical pain (PP), overall health (OH), vitality (VT), social function (SF), emotional function (EF), and mental health (MH) in the SF-36 scores of the two groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05), and the improvement of each module in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the two groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05), and the improvement of serum IL-6, IL-10, and SOD in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). It is suggested that neural engineering based on EEG characteristics can be well applied in comfort industrial design.

Precedence analysis of customer engagement dimensions for tourism destinations: an evidence-based modeling using RIDIT-GRA approach

PurposeThe current research prioritizes the dimensions of a higher-order customer engagement construct in the tourism destination context in order of their relative importance as perceived by tourists to provide meaningful insights to the tourism industry player.Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 429 tourists' from selected tourist destinations. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used for data analysis using SPSS. The scale items were prioritized through hybrid evidence-based modeling using the RIDIT-GRA (Relative to an Identified Distribution and Grey Relational Analysis, respectively) approach.FindingsThe prioritization of customer engagement scale items is done through RIDIT analysis and is verified through GRA. The rankings of two independent methodologies show a 93% correlation, thereby ensuring the ranking's robustness.Practical implicationsPrioritizing customer engagement scale items may assist destination managers in strategy formulation to ensure tourists' high-level loyalty transcending purchase. The findings help develop key response areas (KRA's) for effective destination brand management.Originality/valueSuch precedence analysis of customer engagement scale items has not been done in the tourism studies yet. Also, the present study verified the results by incorporating two independent methodologies, thus providing more valid results.

The Construction of Agricultural Production Trusteeship Service Quality Evaluation Index System based on Farmers' Perception

At present, the problem of poor land utilization, reduced land production, and land desolation frequently happens in China's rural areas. As a new form of agricultural socialization service, agricultural production trusteeship can help farmers increase production and income, ensure food safety, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. However, China's agricultural production trusteeship is still at a preliminary stage, and there are still certain shortcomings in terms of service quality and other aspects. To improve the service quality of agricultural production trusteeship, this paper constructs an evaluation system based on farmers' perceptions, combining Ridit analysis and multiplication scale method, with farmers' perceived service quality as the target, and six first-level indicators of plowing service, planting service, prevention service, harvesting service, selling service and complaint and risk handling, and puts forward relevant policy and suggestions for the high-quality development of agricultural production trusteeship.

The Decline of University Sports in India: Causes and Retention Measures

The objective of this study was to determine the causes of the decline of sports in the universities of India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from India's hundred-year-old three central universities. The subjects for this study were the administrators, coaches, and players of the University Sports Boards. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study. At first, the three central universities, Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University, and Jamia Millia Islamia, were selected purposively based on uniformity. Three hundred thirteen subjects, including 39 administrators, 29 coaches, and 245 players, were randomly selected from the three universities. RIDIT analysis followed by the Kruskal Wallis test was used to analyze the data and hypothesis. The study results unveiled that the effectiveness of sports in the universities of India has declined. There is no strategic planning with clear and attainable objectives for the management of sports in the universities of India. The study displayed the causes of its decline and suggested retention measures. Further research is needed to explore sports in the universities of India.

Clinical efficacy and safety of two concentrations of intravenous nicardipine hydrochloride for nicardipine-related phlebitis in patients with preeclampsia.

To evaluate the effect of two concentrations of intravenous administration of nicardipine hydrochloride on nicardipine-related phlebitis in patients with preeclampsia. A total of 100 preeclampsia patients were administered with nicardipine hydrochloride and divided into the low-concentration (LC) and high-concentration (HC) groups. The incidence and severity of phlebitis, time from treatment to onset of phlebitis, skin temperature, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, induration, and systemic adverse reactions were compared between two groups. The incidence rate of phlebitis in the LC group was 20% (10/50), significantly lower than 42% (21/50) in the HC group (P< 0.05). Ridit Analysis showed that the severity of phlebitis in the LC group was remarkably lower than that in the HC group (P< 0.05). In the LC group, the time from intravenous administration to onset of phlebitis was longer, the average skin temperature was higher, the VAS score was lower, and the indurated area was smaller than those in the HC group (all P< 0.05). Intravenous infusion of nicardipine hydrochloride with constant and low concentration reduces the incidence rate of phlebitis, prolongs the time from treatment to onset of phlebitis, alleviates the severity of phlebitis and pain, maintains skin temperature, and minimizes induration in preeclampsia patients without systemic adverse reactions.

Tree composition and diversity in relation to urban park history in Hong Kong, China

In densely populated cities that are dominated by concrete buildings, urban parks serve as major green infrastructures for ecological and environmental functions. Trees are one of the important components that support these green infrastructures. Despite plenty of urban parks established in Hong Kong in the last 20 years, knowledge of tree composition and diversity is outdated. There were also no studies that investigated the differences in tree diversity in relation to park history. Therefore, this study aims to identify the temporary changes in tree composition and diversity in Hong Kong, by conducting a plot-based tree survey in 32 urban parks of different ages. Overall, 2801 trees belonging to 181 species were recorded in 319 plots across all the parks. A ridit analysis was conducted and it indicated the mature size of trees were not significantly larger in old parks. However, the linear mixed-effects models and the post-hoc tests suggested that DBH, tree height and the proportion of crown dieback for each class of tree size were greater in the old parks. Moreover, the composition of top-ranking dominant tree species varied substantially, where more ornamental and exotic trees were adopted in new parks. For species richness, the sample-based species accumulation curves of different park age overlapped when the horizontal axis of the curve was scaled by the average number of combined individual trees. When the horizontal axis was scaled by the number of plots, the curve for the old parks was above the curve for the new parks. The differences derived from these two accumulation methods indicated a higher tree density in old parks. For species evenness, both the rank-abundance curves and Rényi diversity curves depicted a similar low species evenness in old and new parks. These results suggested that species diversity remained largely unchanged from old parks to new parks though the dominant tree species varied. Greater attention should be paid to increase the species evenness in all urban parks, increase tree density in new parks and improve tree maintenance in old parks.

Two treatment approaches for lumbar disc herniation and sequester migration to the second and third McCulloch's windows: transpedicular and translaminar sequestrectomy (ridit analysis)

To compare the outcomes of transpedicular and translaminar sequestrectomy for lumbar disc herniation and sequester migration to the second and third McCulloch's windows. We analyzed treatment outcomes in 51 patients with lumbar disc herniation and severe sequester migration. We assessed lumbar and leg pain syndrome using then visual analogue scale, neurological impairment using the adapted Nurik scale and quality of life using the Oswestry questionnaire and the MacNab scale in early postoperative period, as well as in 2 weeks, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Ridit analysis was used for statistical processing of data. Transpedicular sequestrectomy was performed in 24 patients, translaminar sequestrectomy - in 27 cases. Groups were comparable by gender, size and location of sequestration, somatic and neurological status, as well as pain severity. There was a higher probability of back (0.39) and leg (0.364) pain regression, neurological recovery (0.446) and improvement of quality of life according to the Oswestry questionnaire (0.389) after transpedicular surgery. According to the MacNab scoring system, excellent and good results were obtained in 84.21% and 15.79% of patients in 6 months after transpedicular surgery. In the second group, excellent, good and satisfactory results were obtained in 63%, 25.9% and 11.1% of patients, respectively. Herniated intervertebral discs with severe sequester migration should be divided in accordance with localization of the main sequestration. Transpedicular endoscopic approach is advisable for sequester in the third and rarely the second McCulloch's windows. Translaminar microsurgical approach is preferred for sequestration in the second and rarely the third McCulloch's windows. Clinical outcomes after translaminar microsurgical sequestrectomy and transpedicular endoscopic surgeries are similar. However, postoperative back and leg pain regression, neurological recovery and improvement of quality of life according to the Oswestry scoring system are more common after transpedicular surgery.

The high-risk factors of different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) based on the national institute of child health and human development (NICHD) diagnosis criteria in 2018.

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of preterm infants with different severities of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and disclose the high-risk factors of exacerbating BPD.MethodsCollection of clinical data of 91 preterm infants admitted to the NICU and diagnosed with BPD, categorized in groups according to the disease severity: 41 mild cases,, 24 moderate cases, and 26 severe cases. Comparison and analysis of perinatal risk factors, treatment, complications and prognosis of the infants with different severity degrees.ResultsThe severe group had a higher proportion of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) higher than the moderate group (P < 0.05), and a higher ratio of pneumonia and mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥ seven days than the mild group (P < 0.05). The severe group also presented higher reintubation incidence than both the mild and moderate groups (P < 0.05). The groups presented different (P < 0.05) incidence rates of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) . Ridit analysis suggested that the premature infants (PIs) with hsPDA, multiple microbial pulmonary infections, or Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia had more severe illness.ConclusionCHD, hsPDA, MV ≥ seven days, reintubation, pneumonia, especially multiple microbial pulmonary infections, and Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia are correlated with the severity of BPD and can be used as BPD progression predictor.

Validation and Adaptation of the "Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale" for Kidney Transplant Recipients.

The aim was to adapt and validate the Modified Transplant Symptom Occurrence and Symptom Distress Scale (MTSOSD-59R) for kidney transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy in Korea. The MTSOSD-59R has been used with solid organ transplant recipients globally to assess the adverse effects of immunosuppressive medication. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. MTSOSD-59R was first translated, and pilot tested. Next, content validity was established with nine organ transplant experts. Then, from October 2017 to October 2018, the Korean MTOSOSD-59R was administered to a convenience sample of 122 kidney transplant recipients recruited from a single center. Ridit analysis was used to measure symptom occurrence and distress. The known-group approach was used to test the construct validity using Mann–Whitney U tests for between-group comparisons. The content validity index for MTSOSD-59R was 0.98, and known-group validity was confirmed. The split-half Spearman–Brown corrected reliability coefficient was 0.902 for symptom occurrence and 0.893 for symptom distress. The four most frequent and distressing symptoms were fatigue, lack of energy, thinning hair, and erectile dysfunction (male). Results suggest this Korean MTSOSD-59R adaptation has adequate language, construct validity, and reliability to gather meaningful information from kidney transplant recipients in Korea.

Improved RIDIT statistic approach provides more intuitive and informative interpretation of EQ-5D data

BackgroundEQ-5D is generic measure of health-related quality of life. Studies using EQ-5D generate ordinal data that are interpreted as categories ordered by severity. New analytic approaches taking into account the ordinal nature of the health dimension severity and leading to a better interpretation of EQ-5D data are needed to better elucidate differences in health-related quality of life. We propose utilizing the Improved RIDIT statistical method to analyze EQ-5D outcomes.Methods556 Moroccan participants aged over 18 years representing four chronic diseases: back pain (n = 158), renal insufficiency (n = 56), diabetes (n = 82) or hypertension (n = 80) and healthy subjects (n = 180). All participants received the two EQ-5D versions. Two other published data sets were included. The first was extracted from a diabetic Spain study and the second was extracted from a clinical trial study. The Improved RIDIT analyses were carried out using an R statistic program we developed.ResultsApplying the Improved RIDIT on the EQ-5D data allowed estimating for the first time the ordinal odds, the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) or the Absolute Risk Increase (ARI) and the Number Needed to Treat. The ARI values estimated for Moroccan patients showed that (i) hypertension increased anxiety/depression by 66% and reduced mobility by 65%; (ii) back pain increased pain/discomfort by 69%; (iii) renal insufficiency impacts mobility (ARI = 57%, oddsordinal = 9.95) and usual activities (ARI = 44%, oddsordinal = 6.41) and (iv) diabetes acts only on anxiety/depression (ARI = 50%, oddsordinal = 4.8). Also, we demonstrated that the approach works well in clinical trials.ConclusionsImproved RIDIT provides more intuitive and informative interpretation of the EQ-5D data by (1) taking into account the level severity; estimating (2) the odds ordinal, (3) the ARR/ARI and the NNT; (4) analyzing the five dimensions of the EQ-5D separately, which gives clinical teams more precision in understanding the treatment/pathology impacts on the health status and completes the EQ-5D data analysis based on score utilities.

An assessment of service level of household toilet attributes based on the users’ satisfaction in rural Bihar, India

The performance and improvement of sanitation services in developing countries including India is usually monitored using the parameter ‘availability of household toilets’ and the tool ‘sanitation ladder’ which is defined using different excreta disposal systems. These assessment criteria are developed from the perspective of experts’ rather than users’ perspective and take into consideration only a few attributes which mask the quality of several other attributes of toilets which are essential for the functionality and sustained use of toilets. The current study determines appropriate level of service (LOS) scales/ranges for different aspects of household toilets from users’ perspective using the concept of LOS and applies the same to analyze the quality of service of attributes of household toilets specified in sanitation programs. While LOS scale for quantitative attributes is directly determined through successive interval scaling technique, the LOS scale for qualitative attributes is developed by obtaining a quantitative score for qualitative data using RIDIT analysis and then employing the successive interval scaling technique. This study has found that the LOS of some of the attributes specified under sanitation program is below acceptable LOS (LOS C) which requires improvement.

Are the preferences of travelers same across cities? A tale of two Indian cities

The paper reports an investigation on the preferences of travelers in two Indian cities. The importance of travelers was collected from Kolkata and Kollam cities using 5-point Likert-type importance scale, and RIDIT analysis was carried out to obtain the priority rankings of travelers. A three-level analysis was carried for travelers, captive riders (travelers without car), and choice riders (travelers with car) of the two cities. The priority ranking obtained for the travelers of two cities were then compared using Spearman’s rank correlation test. It was shown that there is a substantial difference in the perception of travelers from two cities. This was instrumental in establishing the fact that preferences of travelers are not transferable across the cities. Therefore, the selection of attributes for WTP studies require a separate investigation to understand the preference of travelers of the city under consideration. On-board safety was identified as a major concern for the travelers of Kolkata and Kollam cities, which clearly shows the importance of addressing safety issues for enhancing the quality of public transport. The results obtained from the present work is city specific. However, the derived insights are expected to encourage researchers and policymakers to carry out separate investigations in various cities for identifying important attributes prior to behavioural studies.

Investigation of Item Trends of Statistical Attitude Scale for Students Studying in Different Disciplines

In this study, the 17-item Likert-type Statistical Attitude Scale (SAS) was used to measure the attitudes of university students towards statistics courses. This scale was applied to 218 science students, 100 health sciences students and 135 social sciences students in various departments taking a statistics course. By applying ridit analysis to the obtained data, the tendency differences and togetherness of the scale items belonging to the sub-dimensions of the Statistical Attitude Scale were revealed in different disciplines. The ridit values were calculated for the ordinal scale variables in the statistical attitude scale. As a result of these calculations, the classes were compared and the classes in which the students tend according to the items in the scale were determined. Ridit intervals of 8 of the 17 items in the scale were not significant. Therefore, cases are evenly distributed to these 8 items. Five of the other 9 items were found to have ridit intervals less than 0.5 and items concentrated in sub-classes (disagreement) for these five items. The ridit ranges of the remaining 4 items were greater than 0.5 cases showed a tendency for these four items, in the upper classes (agreement).

Expounding Dynamics of Tacit Knowledge Critical to Credit Decision Making: Juxtaposed Findings of GRA and RIDIT

This study explores importance of Tacit Knowledge (TK) sharing for formal loan makers in Pakistan. Main objective of the study is to expound, conceptualize and hierarchicalize the factors of TK critical to credit decision making. The study follows positivist approach and overall research design consists of literature review, field survey and data analyses. Data was collected from credit officers of Pakistani banks. Following the triangulation approach for confirmation and comparison of results, multiple techniques viz EFA, GRA and RIDIT were employed. Results of EFA showed that there are eight major dynamics of TK. Findings of GRA revealed that TK about recovery of loans is the most important factor hence occupies the highest GRA rank, whereas, the TK about resources of borrowers occupies the lowest rank. RIDIT analysis showed that TK about multitude of business sectors is the most important factor hence occupies the highest RIDIT rank, whereas, TK about capacity to repay the loans occupies the lowest rank. Juxtaposition of results of GRA and RIDIT revealed that TK gained during recovery of loans is one of the most important factors. It is a seminal study in the area of knowledge management particularly in context of Pakistani banks based on original data collected in field setting. The study gives insight of critical factors of TK, which has high value for credit personnel in banks. The results are useful for decision makers in banks, academicians and researchers.

Precedence of Work Environment Factors Influencing Employee Performance: A RIDIT Approach

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of work environment on employee performance and to establish the ranks and prioritize the items related to work environment (WE) in order to maximize employee performance. Methods: Descriptive methodology was used for the study. Association between work environment and employee performance was identified by using correlation analysis. Means of the items of WE were obtained and ranks were provided to the various factors of work environment using RIDIT analysis. Findings/application: The review founds the need to connect work environment with the performance of workers. The managers need to study the rankings provided to the various factors of the work environment and derive the policies or make amendments as and where needed, according to the priority of the factors. This will enhance the overall performance of the employee of the organization as suggested in the study. The uniqueness of this study is, prioritizing the items of work environment with respect to employee performance by using RIDIT analysis. Hence, firms can concentrate and give utmost importance for those items to maximize workers’ efficiency and hence organization performance. Keywords: Workplace Environment, Employee Performance, Prioritizing, RIDIT Approach