Rice Washing Water Research Articles

The effect of applying fertilizer of moringa leaf (Moringa oliefera) extract and rice washing water to the growth of pakcoy plant (Brassica rapa L. spp. Chinensis (L.))

The hydroponic system is increasingly popular in Indonesia. In 2014, 597,674 tons of pakcoy were harvested from hydroponic products. However, the hydroponic system uses mix AB fertilizer which is relatively expensive. Moringa leaf and rice washing water have high mineral and vitamin content. There are cytokinin in moringa leaves which are useful for growth so that they can be used as organic liquid fertilizer. This study aims to determine the response of pakcoy growth to the provision of organic liquid fertilizer made from moringa leaves and rice washing water which is relatively cheap. Organic liquid fertilizer is made through the process of moringa leaf fermentation and rice washing water. The treatment given is in the form of 40% AB mix and 60% fermented organic liquid fertilizer. This treatment showed the results in the form of increased leaf size, number of leaves, stem diameter and weight per sample. The addition of organic liquid fertilizer to Pakcoy resulted in an increase in leaf width and length, number of leaves and weight per sample.

Efficient Compost Fertilizer with Addition of Fatty Acid Results of Used Cooking Oil Saponification Reaction

The development of the times accompanied by technological developments have brought humans to the Post Modern era. The industry is growing rapidly in all lines, both from the sectors of production of goods, textiles, materials and even penetrated the food sector. Food innovations have sprung up rapidly and creating waste. One of them is vegetable and fruit waste. However, this waste can be processed into compost because the content of Nitrogen, Phospor and Potassium (NPK) which is a basic need for plants to carry out photosynthesis. Processing of vegetable waste into compost is done by adding EM4, molasses and remaining rice washing water. Fermentation is carried out for four weeks to produce compost. Other waste arises from the food industry which produces foodstuffs by frying. Used cooking oil left over from the frying pan is often discharged into the environment to cause pollution. This can be more severe if the disposal is in residential areas. Saponification reaction using natrium hydroxide (NaOH) can separate glycerol and fatty acids from used cooking oil. Fatty acids from the separation of solid waste cooking oil can purify the NPK content in compost, so that when mixed with compost an efficient compost can be produced and has a high NPK percentage. The purpose of this study is to obtain accurate information from literature studies to determine the percentage of NPK in compost after adding fatty acids from used cooking oil.

PENGARUH MACAM LIMBAH RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SORGUM MANIS (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

The research about study of the effects of household waste on the growth and yield of sweet sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench), with aim to know the effects of the use of household waste on the growth and yield of sweet sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench), had been done from 01 October 2019 to 21 January 2020, in experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Slamet Riyadi Surakarta, in the village of Mojosongo, Banjarsari sub-district, Surakarta with an increase in ± 143 places (masl). The method of research used a single Completely Random Desaign (CRD) consisting of 10 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times. Kind of waste household is tea water waste, coffee water waste and rice washing water waste. Data from the research were analyzed with the BNJ test (Honestly Significant Difference) at a level of 5%. The parameters observed were included height of plant, number of leaves, length of leaves, fresh straw weight of biomass, dry straw weight of biomass, seeds totals per plant, weight dry seeds per plant, weight of 100 dry seeds per plant. The result of the research showed that : (1) the treatment of household waste that is coffee waste with a content of 50% (C1) has a significant effect on the parameters height of plant, number of leaves, length of leaves, seeds totals per plant, and weight of 100 dry seeds per plant. (2) the coffee waste treatment with a content of 50% (C1) yields the highest height of plant is 297,50 cm, the highest number of leaves is 18,83 sheet, the longest length of leaves is 146,50 cm, the highest seeds totals per plant is 3517,33 grain, weight dry seeds per plant is 112,27 gram, and the weight of 100 dry seeds per plant is 3,79 gram. (3) the treatment that is coffee waste with a content of 50% provides the highest growth and yield in sorghum plants.

Utilization of pineapple peel and rice washing water to produce single cell proteins using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Single cell protein (SCP) is an alternative for meeting protein needs in the future. The wastes such as pineapple skin and rice water washing can be utilized to produce SCP. These two materials are abundant in Indonesia. The consumption of pineapple and rice in Indonesia is very high. The rice is the main food for Indonesian people. The aim of this study is to determine the best ratio of pineapple skin juice and rice washing water as a growing medium to produce single cell proteins. This study was performed in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the ratio of pineapple skin and rice washing water. The ratios between pineapple skin and rice washing water were 1: 1, 2: 1 and 1: 2. The second factor was fermentation times (8, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72 and 80 hours). The analysis carried out included pH, cell dry weight and protein content. The best treatment is obtained by the treatment of pineapple skin and rice washing water in ratio of 1: 2 when it is fermented for 56 hours. This media produced 0.4752 grams of cell dry weight with the protein content at about 289.08 ppm.

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. KJ3P1 and DLM isolates towards pest of oil palm Oryctes rhinoceros [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae

Oil palm plants are industrial plants that generate foreign exchange for Indonesia. Some obstacles are leading to production decrease. One of the important pests is Oryctes rhinoceros [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]. Both larval and imago stadia attack oil-palm in immature plants [IP] and mature plants [MP]. The method of controlling Oryctes often use chemical insecticides, in which continuously applications will cause residues in the environment and mortality of non-target insects. Therefore it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly control method that is easy, inexpensive and safe for the environment. The use of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is an alternative. The study was aimed to study the toxicity of two B. thuringiensis isolates from the collection of Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University [KJ3P1 and DLM isolate codes] on mortality of 3rd instar Oryctes larvae. Experiments were conducted at the Entomological Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University from March until May 2019. Bioinsecticide-based B. thuringiensis was made with 2 types of growth media, namely: 1] cow’s bio-urine enriched with 5% molasses, and 2]. Rice washing water enriched with 5% molasses. Treatments were included: 1] DLM5 isolate, 2] KJ3P1 isolate, 3] commercial B. thuringiensis and 4]. without treatment [as control]. The test insects used were 25 individuals of 1st instar Oryctes larvae in each treatment. The results showed KJ3PI isolate that propagated in bio-urine media showed the highest production of B. thuringiensis [5.69 x 106 spores/ml], the highest mortality [76% ] and the lowest LT50 value [5.28 days] as well. The use of agricultural and livestock waste as a medium to multiply B. thuringiensis bacteria may produce high cell and spore production and can be used as bioinsecticides to control O. rhinoceros.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Limbah Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis Sativus L.)

Cucumber is one of the choices of horticultural commodities for farming activities. To increase the production of cucumber can be done by using organic waste fertilizers, such as pineapple peel waste and rice washing water. This research aims: 1) to know the best concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste for growth and yield of cucumber; 2) to know the best concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of rice washing water for growth and yield of cucumber; and 3) to know the best combination of concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste and liquid organic fertilizer of rice washing water for growth and yield of cucumber. The research was conducted at screen house located in Tambaksogra Village, Sumbang Sub-district, Banyumas Regency and the Laboratory Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Soedirman University, on Januari until June 2019. The experiment design used was Completely Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replication. The first factor was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste, namely 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/l. The second factor was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of rice washing water, namely 0, 10, 20, and 30 ml/l. The results showed that: 1) the concentration 30 ml/l of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste increased fruit weight per plant compared to the control treatment of 606,02 g : 45,48%, fruit length 15,99 cm : 9,22%, and fruit volume 163,87 ml : 13,37%; 2) the concentration liquid organic fertilizer of rice washing water did not increased the growth and yield of cucumber plants; and 3) the combination of concentrations liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple peel waste and rice washing water gave the same response to plant growth and yield.

Natural Rice Starch Granules for Green Cleaning

Detergents are steadily becoming one of the necessities in our daily life. However, synthetic detergents are threatening the global environment and human health, as most of them are derived from petrochemicals. Inspired by one of the ancient Asian traditions that the rice-washing water served as a natural detergent for bathing and washing, this work provides insights into the mechanism of the detergent effect of rice-washing water. It is proposed that starch granules existing in the rice-washing water are interfacially active, which can facilitate the formation of O/W Pickering emulsions. This principle is successfully extended to rice flour that is made by mechanical media milling in a large scale. Pickering emulsions loading different organic solvents as dispersed phase can be stabilized by these food-grade granules without adding other chemical additives. Practical trails of removing pesticide residues and meat cleaning confirm the possibilities to render these natural rice starch granules as sustainable detergents for food cleaning with high safety assurance.

Uji Sensitisasi Dermal Masker Gel Kombinasi Ekstrak Ampas Daun Teh dan Air Cucian Beras

The combination of tea leaf dregs extract and rice washing water as a peel-off gel mask was found to be stable up to 28 days of storage and had an IC50 value 20.4 ppm. This potential can provide an optimal effects as cosmetic ingredients.However, to meet the regulatory requirements of Badan Pengawas Obat Makanan (BPOM) RI and ISO 10993, a dermal sensitization test also need to be done. The aim of this study was to determine the dermal sensitization reaction from peel-off gel mask containing a combination of tea leaf dregsextract (Camellia sinensis L.) and rice washing water (Oryza sativa L.) in test animal. Thisstudy was designed based on experimental laboratory methods and sample selection by simple random sampling. The intervention was given based on posttest-only control group design. The test results for dermal sensitization were determined using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) method. The results showed erythema and edema reactions according to the Magnusson and Kligman scale after administration of peel-off gel masks as samples in the topical tests in test animals, appeared on the 11th day and in the challenge test appeared on the 24th day. This was due to incubation period for one week where the hypersensitivity state can develop, so that this reaction is also called the delayed hypersensitivity reaction

Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik dalam Pembuatan Bioinsektisda berbasis Bacillus thuringiensis sebagai Agens Pengendalian Hama Tanaman Caisim Brassica juncea

Astuti et al, 2018. Utilization of Organic Waste in the Making of Bacillus thuringiensis-based Bioinsecticides as Agents for Control of Caisim Brassica juncea Pests. JLSO 7(2): Bacillus thuringiensis was one of the entomopathogenic bacteria that can produces toxic crystal proteine (ᴕ-endotoksin). The use of bioinsecticide as a biological agent in pest control was one component of integrated pest control (IPM). The aimed of this reseacrh was to know the population of pests in plants and the percentage of damage to plants that exist in each treatment. The research was conducted in a vegetable garden in the Banyuasin district in November 2017 until January 2018. The research method used a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 blocks. The treatment was Bacillus thuringiensis KJ3R5 cultured in coconut water and rice washing water (A), Bacillus thuringiensis LC2 cultured in coconut water and tofu wastewater (B), commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (C), inorganic insecticide (sidametrin) (D), and water as control (E). The variables observed were arthropod populations on the canopy and ground surface of choy sum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis or Brassica chinensis var. parachinensis) plants. The results showed that 4 species of pests i.e. Pyllotreta crucifera, Spodoptera litura, Plutella xylostella, and Helula sp. Treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis LC2 (B) resulted in reduction of plant damage by 61%.

Microbial Fuel Cell: A Renewable Equipment for Bio-Power Production and Simultaneous Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters

Purpose of microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) might symbolize a completely new come near to waste substance behaviour with construction of possessions clean energy. In recent years, researchers have shown that MFCs is wont to turn out electricity from water containing totally dissimilar substrates. Studies on electricity generation from the wastewater as substrate are in development. In this paper the first stage of investigational path, leather effluent and sewage wastewater was used without any mediator and in the second stage leather effluent and sewage wastewater was used methylene blue as a mediator. Performance of the MFCs as reported with different wastewater with mediator and without mediator is presented. The Microbial fuel cell equipment represents a substitute type of power in which wastewater are utilized for power construction. In this experiment we used sewage water, Cow manure, Effluent water, and rice washing water operated for 5 days and successfully generated a maximum power of 482(mV), which is adequate to control small power devices. It is a less expensive cooperative and a substitute basis of energy which will be adopted for the prospect. If power production in MFC can be enlarged this tools may provide a innovative scheme to compensate wastewater management plant in use costs, with less unnecessary sludge fabrication.

TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS KOTORAN SAPI SIMENTAL DENGAN PENGGUNAAN TITHONIA (Thitonia diversifolia) DAN MOL REBUNG PADA KELOMPOK TANI TERNAK

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bersifat penyuluhan. Dengan mengambil judul : Penyuluhan Penambahan Tithonia (Thitonia diversifolia) dan MOL Rebung Pada Pembuatan Kompos Kotoran Sapi Simental Kelompok Tani Ternak Di-Kanagarian Koto Baru Kecamatan Sungai Tarab Kabupaten Tanah Datar. Penyuluhan ini dilatarbelakangi kesulitan petani peternak di-Kanagarian Koto Baru dalam memperoleh pupuk. Disamping harganya yang mahal pupuk juga sulit untuk didapatkan.Maka dari latarbelakang itu masyarakat ingin berubah dari membeli pupuk anorganik ke pupuk organik seperti kompos. Kompos merupakan pupuk organik yang mudah didapatkan. Dalam pembuatannya membutuhkan waktu 4-6 bulan.Hal ini dapat dipersingkat dengan pemakaian starter kompos seperti EM4 dan stardex.Akan tetapi starter kompos ini berharga mahal dan sulit didapatkan. Untuk itu maka MOL (Mikro Organisme Lokal) Rebung dapat menggantikan starter yang mahal. Selain harga yang murah, MOL Rebung ini mudah dibiakkan. Kotoran sapi Simmental merupakan bahan baku pembuatan pupuk kompos. Akan tetapi masih mempunyai unsur hara yang rendah.Untuk itu ditambahkan tithonia sebagai penambah unsur haranya.Penyuluhan di Kanagarian Koto Baru mendapat antusias yang besar dari masyarakat, karena masyarakat sangat membutuhkan pupuk kompos. Dalam penyuluhan masyarakat diajarkan dalam memperbanyak starter MOL dari Rebung. Perbanyakan starter ini menggunakan rebung, gula merah dan air cucian beras sebagai medianya.

Analisis Protein pada Tepung Kecambah Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus Aureus L.) yang Dikecambahkan Menggunakan Air, Air Cucian Beras dan Air Kelapa

Nuts have long been known as a complementary source of protein with whole grains, such as rice and wheat. One of the many types of nuts that are widely available are green beans. Utilization of waste such as coconut water and rice washing water as an additional substance of the plant fertilizer needs to be improved given the high levels of nutrients that can be beneficial to the plant. This study aims to analyze the protein in wheat sprouts green beans (Phaseolus aureus L.) that germinated using the Water, Rice Washing Water and Coconut Water. Wheat sprouts green beans were analyzed qualitatively with the ninhydrin test, test Millon, and biuret test, then quantitatively analyzed by the Kjeldahl method includes the destruction process, distillation and titration. The results showed that Content of protein in wheat sprouts for wheat germination using water 28,50% w/w, protein content in wheat germination using washed rice water 31,19% w/w , and protein content in wheat germination using coconut water 32,06% w/w. The highest protein contained in wheat germ on the germination use coconut water 32,06% w/w.

Pemanfaatan Sampah Buah, Air Cucian Beras dan Kotoran Ayam Sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair

Waste from various sources is potential to pollute all types of environment, i.e. soil, air and wa-ter. Giwangan fruit and vegetable market produces waste as much as 1-3 trucks every day. The content of Nitrogen, Phosphor and Kalium (NPK) in those fruit and vegetable wastes are 331 ppm, 838,1 ppm, and 268,1 ppm, respectively. Used water from rice washing is primary source of organic matter for plant’s tissues. Fertilizer from chicken manure contains the highest K com-pared with other types of manure fertilizer, i.e. 1,50 %. The purpose of the research was to know the difference in quality of liquid organic fertilizer made from the mixture of fruit waste, rice wash-ing water and chicken manure. There were five composition variations. The type of the research was an experiment applying post-test with control group design. The statistical analysis employ-ed one way anova test and LSD at 95 % level of confidence. The observation of physical conditi-on of the fertilizers comprised of odor and color. Descriptively, the results show that the highest N content was found in the Control, meanwhile for P and K, the highest contents were observed in fertilizer B and the Control. The statistical test concludes that the N and P contents of liquid organic fertilizers obtained from all ingredient compositions are significantly different (the p-values are 0,007 and <0,001, respectively). But, for K contents, the differences are not signify-cant (p-value=0,112). The yielded NPK contents have not yet fulfilled the standard quality of good liquid organic fertilizer. However, among the all compositions the best liquid organic fertili-zer is the Control one, since its N and K contents are the highest.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Tanah terhadap Pemberian Air Cucian Beras Coklat di Lahan Rawa Lebak

Peanuts is one type of secondary crop which ranks third after corn and soybeans. Peanuts have long been used as food, while by-products can be used as animal feed. In connection with the problem of lack of fertility in lebak wetland soil, in order to produce high production with good quality, efforts need to be made to add nutrients. Rice washing water has a high carbohydrate content. Carbohydrates can be an intermediary for the formation of the hormones auxin and giberelin. Two types of ingredients that are widely used in artificial growth stimulants. This study aims (i) to determine the growth response and yield of peanut plants to the provision of brown rice washing water on lebak wetland, (ii) to find out the best time interval for brown rice washing water for plant growth and yield peanuts on lebak wetland. This research was conducted in Banyu Tajun Pangkalan Village, Sungai Pandan Sub-District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency from April to June 2013, using randomized complete design (CRD) with single factor. The factors studied were the brown rice washing water interval. The results showed that the treatment did not affect the observation of plant height and number of branches, and had a very significant effect on the variables observed in the number of crop pods, wet weight of crop pods, and dry weight of plant pods. The results of this study indicate that the best treatment is at p5 (6 days).

The Economic Effect and Reduction of the Environmental Impact by Feed Use of Rice-washing Water

The Economic Effect and Reduction of the Environmental Impact by Feed Use of Rice-washing Water

Effects of Feeding Dried Concentrated Rice-Washing Water on Growth Performance and Skeletal Muscle Lipid Peroxidation in Broiler Chickens

This study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding concentrated rice-washing water (CRWW) on growth performance and lipid peroxidation levels in broiler chickens. CRWW (89.8% moisture) was dried at either a high (130°C) or low temperature (60°C). Three experimental diets were formulated as follows: 1) control diet; 2) diet containing 20% high-temperature dried CRWW (HT-CRWW); and 3) diet containing 20% low-temperature dried CRWW (LT-CRWW). Twenty-one chicks were divided into a control group and two treatment groups (seven chicks per group) at 15 days of age. The control group was fed the control diet, and the treatment groups were fed either an HT-CRWW or LT-CRWW-containing diet for 12 days. The growth performance (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency) and the weight of the pectoral muscles were not different between treatment groups. Both HT-CRWW and LT-CRWW had a higher total polyphenol content and free radical scavenging activity than corn meal. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, a marker of lipid peroxidation, was significantly lower in the skeletal muscle of chicks fed the HT-CRWW-containing diet compared with chicks fed the control diet; however, MDA content in chicks fed the LT-CRWW-containing diet did not differ from that of controls. CRWW has promise as a high-energy feed resource, and CRWW dried at high temperatures might affect lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens through higher antioxidant activity.

Life Cycle Assessment of Animal Feeds Prepared from Liquid Food Residues: A Case Study of Rice-Washing Water

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy consumption of three methods used to produce animal feed from concentrated rice-washing water (CRW) and disposing of the rice-washing water through wastewater treatment. Four scenarios were compared using LCA: (i) producing concentrated liquid feed by centrifugation (CC) of CRW with wastewater treatment and discharge of the supernatant, (ii) producing concentrated liquid feed by heating evaporation (HC) of CRW, (iii) producing dehydrated feed by dehydration (DH) of CRW, and (iv) wastewater treatment and discharge of nonconcentrated rice-washing water (WT). The functional unit (FU) was defined as 1 metric ton of rice washed for cooking or processing. Our results suggested that the energy consumptions of CC, HC, DH, and WT were 108, 322, 739, and 242 MJ per FU, respectively, and the amounts of GHG emissions from CC, HC, DH, and WT were 6.4, 15.8, 45.5, and 22.5 kg of CO equivalents per FU, respectively. When the produced feed prepared from CRW was assumed to be transported 200 km to farms, CC and HC still emitted smaller GHGs than the other scenarios, and CC consumed the smallest amount of energy among the scenarios. The present study indicates that liquid feed production from CRW by centrifugation has a remarkably reduced environmental impact compared with the wastewater treatment and discharge of rice-washing water.

Treatment of hypersaline wastewater by a combined neutralization–precipitation with ABR-SBR technique

Inorganic salts prohibit seriously the biological treatment of the wastewater discharged from the production of long-chained dicarboxylic acids from liquid paraffin by microbial fermentation. First, the inorganic salts in wastewater were removed partly by means of neutralization–precipitation. Second, the neutralized wastewater was treated in an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The digested sludge from the sewage treatment plant was taken as the seed sludge for ABR and the returned sludge for SBR, respectively. After adding glucose and rice-washing water as carbon sources, a sludge free of salt to degrade organic pollutants was cultivated. The sludge samples were observed through fluorescence microscope. It was found that the microorganisms in the SBR sludge are mainly zoogloea with a small quantity of infusorians, while the microorganisms in the ABR sludge are mainly filamentous bacteria and bacillus. More than 90% COD in the wastewater can be removed after the treatment by the neutralization–precipitation combined with ABR-SBR technique.

Trends in New Rice and Rice Flour Processing Technology for Expanding Rice Consumption

Japanese rice consumption has been on a declining trend. In 2006, it fell to approximately half of its 1960 level. A major factor in this decline has been the switch to a more western style dietary lifestyle with higher intakes of animal products and fat, which have reinforced the decrease in rice consumption. In the present paper, as an aid to thinking about how rice consumption can be expanded, the author introduce a number of new technologies concerning rice and rice flour. For example, new genetic traits have been introduced that have created rice varieties with new functions. Among these are low-amylose rice, which doesn't become hard even when it gets cold, and low-gultelin rice for patients with kidney diseases. Pre-washed rice was developed from the two standpoints of improving convenience when cooking rice and preventing water contamination from rice-washing water. Aseptic packaging technology was developed in order to make it easy to eat tasty pre-cooked rice. A new type of rice cooker has appeared equipped with a temperature program to draw out the full sweetness and deliciousness of cooked rice by activating the rice's enzymes during cooking. Moreover, technology for grinding rice flour into an extremely fine powder so that it can be used for the same purposes as wheat flour has gone on sale commercially. As a result, bread is now baked using rice flower and breads with new textures and gluten-free bread for people with wheat allergies have also appeared. Thanks to a slew of innovative technological developments such as these, an expansion in rice consumption can be expected in future.

濃厚洗米排水の保存性改善と飼料特性評価

本研究の目的は，濃厚洗米排水の保存性を改善し，その飼料特性を評価することである。飼料添加物として認められているギ酸もしくはプロピオン酸を用いて濃厚洗米排水の保存方法を検討した。濃厚洗米排水に対して重量比でギ酸を0.3%，0.6%，1.5%，プロピオン酸を0.5%，1.5%，2.7%添加し，25℃で7日間保存して一般生菌，酵母，大腸菌群数を調査した。一般生菌数はギ酸を0.6%以上添加することにより回収直後の菌数を下回った。酵母数はギ酸を0.3%以上あるいはプロピオン酸を0.5%以上添加することにより，回収直後の菌数を下回った。大腸菌群はギ酸，プロピオン酸ともに全ての添加レベルにおいて検出されなかった。以上の結果から，ギ酸を0.6%添加する方法が濃厚洗米排水の鮮度保持方法として最適であると判断した。また，全国5ヵ所の精米工場から濃厚洗米排水を5検体ずつ回収し，化学成分を検査した。工場によって水分は91.6%から94.6%まで変動し，化学成分の含有量にも差がみられた。そのため，濃厚洗米排水を飼料原料として利用する場合は，留意する必要があることが分かった。続いて，消化試験を行い，濃厚洗米排水の消化率を調査した。平均体重25kgのLWD交雑種の去勢豚6頭を供試し，クロスオーバーモデルにあてはめた。試験区は基礎飼料22.2%に水77.8%を配合した対照区，基礎飼料12.5%に濃厚洗米排水87.5%を配合した濃厚洗米排水区とし，両区の飼料の乾物率が20%になるように設計した。濃厚洗米排水の成分ごとの消化率は，粗蛋白質85.7%，粗脂肪85.9%，NFE95.4%，粗繊維35.0%，ADFom42.8%，NDFom86.4%であり，成分と消化率から算出した可消化養分総量（TDN）は原物として6.9%，乾物換算で97.2%だった。この結果より，濃厚洗米排水が飼料原料として十分な栄養価をもつことが明らかとなった。