Rice Marketing Channel Research Articles

Urban food security from the perspective of marketing performance of rice agroindustry in Dumai City, Indonesia

Abstract Dumai City is an urban area with a rural economic style, such as the livelihoods of farmers, planters, breeders and fishermen. Even though local rice production shows an increasing trend, the availability of rice for Dumai City is still supported from outside Riau Province. The urban rice agroindustry is present to form an efficient rice marketing performance. This study aims to analyze the availability of rice, marketing channels, and performance in the rice agroindustry in Dumai City. The research method used was a survey method on two agroindustries which were selected purposively based on rice agroindustry criteria. The analytical method used was descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative to analyze rice subsistence and marketing channel and also descriptive quantitative to analyze marketing performance of rice agroindustry. The results showed that the rice subsistence level for Dumai City was only 6.7 percent, and the local rice supply for Dumai City was supported outside the province. Based on marketing analysis, the rice agroindustry by Perum Bulog and CV ADAB was included in the efficient marketing category with a total margin value below the selling price of rice, namely Rp. 6,100 and Rp. 1,350, and marketing efficiency values below 30 percent, 10.35 percent, and 2.9 percent. ADAB rice agroindustry with intermediary materials in the form of quality rice from West Sumatra was considered to have more efficient marketing. Implication based on the result is rice agroindustry in Dumai City is worth to develop in order to strenghting food security by local rice production and marketing policy support.

Analisis Pemasaran Beras Organik di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

Rice is one of the leading commodities for organic products, organic rice commodities are one of the widely consumed organic products. West Sumatra Province is one of the regions that have the largest organic rice land in Indonesia. The development of Organic Agriculture has become a policy of the West Sumatra Provincial Government since 2006. There are several problems in marketing organic rice, namely the lack of market access by farmers so that only a small portion of the harvest of organic rice farmers is absorbed as the final product of organic rice and the product is sold at the price of conventional rice. The purpose of this research was to determine and analyze the marketing efficiency and marketing operations (margin, farmer's share, and profit ratio) of organic rice in West Sumatra. The research location is decided by purposive method. To find farmer respondents using purposive sampling and trader respondents using snowball sampling. Qualitative descriptive analysis is used to analyze organic rice marketing channels. Meanwhile, quantitative descriptive is used to measure the marketing efficiency of organic rice using marketing margin analysis, and farmer's share. The results showed that organic rice marketing in West Sumatra consists of 4 marketing channels, which involve five marketing institutions, namely intermediary traders, large traders, city farmers, small-scale retailers, and large-scale retailers (supermarkets). Farmers - intermediary traders - wholesalers - small-scale retailers (channel 2) is the channel pattern chosen by most farmers which are 50%. The most efficient channel pattern is channel 4 because it is the shortest channel with the lowest margin of Rp. 5,500 and the highest farmer's share value of 50%.

Seasonal Variation and Its Impact on Rice Price Adjustment in Tasikmalaya City

Changing marketing margins through speed of price adjustments is an indicator of efficient markets. This research analyzes differences in price adjustments according to rice quality based on production period in Tasikmalaya City. Data used is weekly price at wholesalers and retailers from January 2019 to January 2022. Analysis uses an independent sample t-test to compare rice price adjustments based on harvest and non-harvest times. Results show, price adjustment responses tend to be different, especially for low and medium-quality rice at harvest period, while premium quality shows same price adjustment response. During non-harvest period, price adjustment response tends to be same for all rice. Application of basic prices is not only at producer prices but also in other rice marketing channels especially at harvest period.

Margin Pemasaran Beras Di Desa Langagon Satu Kecamatan Bolaang Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow

This study aims to analyze the marketing margin and efficiency of rice marketing channels and institutions in Langagon Satu Village, Bolaang Sub-district, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research was conducted from August to December 2023. The data used in this research are primary data and secondary data. The sampling technique in the study used Purposive Sampling and Snowball Sampling. The number of Farmer samples was 10 respondents, Mill 1, Collecting Traders 4 and Collecting Traders 8 respondents. This research uses questionnaires and interviews to describe the pattern of rice marketing channels in Langagon Village which are then described. The data analysis method used is the analysis of Marketing Margin, Farmer's Share and Marketing Efficiency. The results showed that there are 2 patterns of rice marketing channels in Langagon Satu Village, namely marketing channel I is Farmer - Mill - Retailer - Consumer and marketing channel II is Farmer - Mill - Gatherer - Retailer - Consumer. The lowest margin is in marketing channel I obtained at Rp2,875, Farmer's share of 74.7%, this is because the marketing channel only uses 2 intermediary marketing institutions, and the smallest percentage of marketing efficiency is in channel I which is 5.08%, this is because the costs incurred by marketing channel I are smaller than marketing channel II.

Organic Rice Marketing in Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province

This study aimed to (1) find out the marketing channels of organic rice, (2) compare marketing margins in the organic rice marketing channels, (3) compare the farmer’s share marketing in the organic rice marketing channel, and (4) compare marketing efficiency in the organic rice marketing channels. The primary method of research uses a descriptive-analytical method. Sampling was conducted using the snowball sampling method with a sample of 30 farmers and eight traders. The method of analysis used to find out the marketing channel is by looking at the product flow from the producer to the final consumer; the marketing margin by looking at the difference in prices at the farmer and the final consumer; farmer’s share by comparing the percentage of prices at the farmer level and the end consumer; and the marketing efficiency determined of the marketing margin and farmer’s share. The results showed that the most channels with the highest margin of organic rice marketing channels were the longest channel, the shortest organic rice marketing channel had the lowest value of the marketing margin. Moreover, the longest organic marketing channel had the smallest farmer’s share value, and the shortest organic marketing channel had the most efficient marketing efficiency.

Analisis Saluran dan Margin Pemasaran Komoditas Beras Ketan di Kota Surabaya

One of the strategic and essential commodities in fulfilling human needs is sticky rice. High price fluctuations, weak people's purchasing power, and problems at the producer level are crucial, including long marketing chains and high marketing margins. This research aims to analyze sticky rice marketing channels and marketing margins in the city of Surabaya. Location selection was carried out using purposive sampling technique and sample selection using snowball sampling technique. The research results show that the marketing channel for sticky rice in the city of Surabaya has one channel, starting from Producers - Wholesalers - Retailers - Consumers. The results of marketing margin analysis show that wholesalers have the highest margin value with a margin value of 3,500/Kg. However, the largest share distribution is in retail trading institutions with a value of 64.50% with a profit to cost ratio of 1.32.

Rice Marketing Channels

Puudongi Village is one of the villages which is a rice production center in Tanggetada District, Kolaka Regency. The marketing problems faced by farmers in marketing their rice yields are due to the lack of information about the price level of rice in the market. So that the price of rice at the farm level is easily manipulated by marketers. This study aims to determine the rice marketing channel in Puudongi village, Polinggona sub-district, to find out the size of the price share received by farmers (farmer share) from rice marketing activities in Puudongi village, Polinggona sub-district, to find out how much the rice marketing margin is in Puudongi village, Polinggona sub-district and to determine the efficiency of rice marketing channels in the village of Puudongi, Polinggona District. Based on the results of marketing channel research, there are two marketing channels. For farmer share (the share of prices received by farmers) shows that marketing channel II with farmer's share (FS) is 95.2%, marketing channel I is with farmer's share (FS) 88.3%. Paddy marketing margin in channel I is IDR 500/kg while channel II is IDR 200/kg.

Analysis of Rice Marketing Channels Choices in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kirinyaga County, Kenya

The National Rice Development Strategy in (Kenya vision 2030) aims to improve food security, rural employment, and income for smallholder farmers in the Mwea irrigation scheme (MIS) through planned and intentional efforts. A study was conducted to identify major influences in choosing market avenues among rice farmers. The study used a sample size of 384 small-scale rice farmers to analyze the different rice marketing channels used in MIS, and to understand the factors that influence farmers’ choices of marketing channels. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the marketing channels, multinomial logit model was used to evaluate channel choices. The marketing channels were Channel 1: Farmer-Consumer (0.3%); Channel 2: Farmer-Brokers-Millers-Consumer (51.1%); Channel 3: Farmer-Brokers-Millers- Retailer-Consumer (42.3%); Channel 4: Farmer- Millers-Retailer-Consumer (62.72%) and Channel 5: Farmer- Millers- Wholesaler-Retailer-Consumer (37.28%). The most profitable channel was direct sales to consumers, which accounted for only 0.3% of total rice production in MIS. The study also found that factors such as education level, participation in marketing groups, distance to market, and age of the household head significantly influenced farmers’ choice of marketing channels. The study is critical in enriching literature on rice agricultural supply chains in Kenya. The study recommends policy considerations to protect small-scale farmers from exploitative brokers and suggests registering brokers to monitor their activities and set standards for fair practices, with the goal of regulating their activities to prevent exploitation of small-scale farmers in rice marketing.

Pola Pemasaran Beras di Kabupaten Grobogan

This study aims to determine the pattern of rice marketing channels and analyze the margins and marketing efficiency of each marketing channel at each rice marketing agency in Grobogan Regency. The research location was chosen deliberately because the area is the largest contributor to rice production in the Central Java Province. The method used survey and interview. The data collected includes primary and secondary data. The results showed that there were three marketing channels in the distribution pattern of rice in Grobogan Regency, namely: (1) the first channel (farmers – middleman – rice millers – collectors/wholesale traders – retail traders – consumers); (2) the second channel (farmers – middleman – rice millers – retailers – consumers) and (3) the third channel (farmers - rice millers - wholesalers/collectors – consumers). In general, the level of rice marketing efficiency in each marketing channel formed in Grobogan Regency is included in the efficient category.

ANALYSIS OF RICE MARKETING EFFICIENCY IN EAST OGAN KOMERING ULU TIMUR

Rice is the main food commodity that affects the Indonesian people's welfare. Thus, it is more complex to replace rice with other food commodities. This large rice production requires post-production handling through a good marketing process because it can increase farmers income. This research aims to analyze the efficiency of rice marketing in East Ogan Komering Ulu Timur Regency through marketing channels, market structure, market conduct, and market performance. This research was by taking 90 respondents of rice farmers using a simple random sampling method. Furthermore, to determine the respondents' marketing agency, it used the snowball sampling method by following the path of the farmers. Based on the results of the research, there were four rice marketing channels formed, the first was farmers - Gapoktan factories - wholesalers - retailers - consumers, the second was farmers - Gapoktan factories - consumers, the third is farmers - millers - retailers - consumers, and the fourth was a farmer – miller – consumer. Hence, marketing channel 2 was the most efficient, because it has a low marketing margin value, and has a farmer's share value, and a high-cost benefit ratio.

Analisis Rantai Nilai Dan Efisiensi Pemasaran Beras di Kabupaten Lombok Barat

The measurement of added value in the rice distribution flow is a strategic approach that can be used to increase competitive advantage, where customer value can be increased by better understanding the relationship between producers, suppliers (suppliers) and customers. One of the regencies in NTB with abundant rice/rice production is West Lombok Regency. Rice milling is one of the central points in the rice agroindustry and an institution that connects every actor in the post-harvest rice supply chain, starting from unhulled rice to producing rice as the main product. The purpose of this research is to identify and examine the rice value chain mechanism related to product flow, financial flow and information flow on rice commodity, as well as to analyze the efficiency of rice distribution channel. The results show that in the rice supply chain there has been a product flow, financial flow and information flow that flows between marketing actors or institutions, and is able to provide adequate profits for each actor involved in the rice supply chain. The results also show that in West Lombok Regency there are 3 patterns of marketing channels and overall the three rice marketing channels are efficient. This is indicated by the results of the calculation of the value of the marketing efficiency measurement, both the results of the analysis of the margin, efficiency index and price share, have met the efficient criteria.

Analisis Pemasaran Beras di Desa Debowae Kecamatan Waelata Kabupaten Buru Provinsi Maluku

The price of rice in the market is influenced by the role of marketing agencies. In this case, the rice marketing process will undergo a long process and will experience price changes from the producer level to the final consumer, resulting in a rice price gap between producers and consumers. This makes the rice marketing aspect an important activity in determining farmers' income. The purpose of this study is to determine marketing channels, margins, and marketing efficiency. The population in this study were 762 lowland rice farmers. Determination of the sample using the slovin method, so that the selected respondents were 42 farmers. The determination of the merchant respondents was carried out by tracing (tracing sampling). The sample of the respondents was 10 traders, namely 6 grinders, 2 large collectors, and 2 retailers. The analytical tools used are descriptive analysis, marketing margin analysis, and marketing efficiency analysis. The results showed that there were 5 patterns of rice marketing channels in Debowae Village, namely: farmers-grinders-consumers, farmers-grinders-retailers-consumers, farmers-grinders-large collectors-consumers, farmers-grinders-big collectors-retailers-consumers, and farmers-big collectors-retailers-consumers. The highest total marketing margin is in marketing channel II, which is IDR. 2,000/kg, while the lowest total margin is in marketing channel I, which is IDR.467/kg. The most efficient marketing channel is channel I with the smallest efficiency value of 3.35 percent.

POLA SALURAN PEMASARAN PADI SAWAH SEMI ORGANIK (Oryza sativa L) DI KELURAHAN SEI SELINCAH KECAMATAN KALIDONI KOTA PALEMBANG

This research is located in Sei Selincah Village, Kalidoni District, Palembang City. This research aims to determine the profits received by semi-organic lowland rice farmers in Sei Seilincah Village Kalidoni District Palembang City to find out the marketing pattern of semi-organic lowland rice in Sei Selincah Village Kalidoni District Palembang City and to find out the most efficient semi-organic rice marketing channel in Sei Seilincah Village Kalidoni District Palembang City. The research method used is a survey method on semi-organic lowland rice farmers, while the sampling method used is a simple random sampling method with 15 respondents from a population of 25 farmers in 1 semi-organic lowland rice farmer group. The results obtained from this study are based on the average profit received by semi-organic lowland rice farmers in Sei Selincah Village of Rp. 5,495,400 with an R/C ratio of 1.75 > 1, which means that semi-organic lowland rice farming in Sei Selincah Village Kalidoni District Palembang City is economically profitable for farmers. There are 2 patterns of semi-organic lowland rice marketing channels in Sei Selincah Village. The marketing channel pattern that is mostly used by semi-organic lowland rice farmers in Sei Selincah Village is marketing channel I, which involves middlemen. In the marketing channel pattern I, there are 14 people who sell their organic paddy through middlemen, while the channel II pattern is the farmers directly sell it to consumers. Marketing channel II is a relatively more efficient marketing channel.

Marketing Efficiency In Rice Commodity Supply Chain Management In Kalukku District, West Sulawesi Province

The market performance measure that is often used is efficiency in marketing. Marketing efficiency can be improved by applying the concept of supply chain management in agriculture. This study aims to analyze the efficiency of marketing in rice supply chain management. The research was conducted in August 2018 in Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency. The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling, obtained as many as 8 farmers with the criteria of owner or confinement farmers who have farming experience and several farmers who serve as heads and members of farmer groups, where information on farmers, it is known that the flow of products that involve other marketing agencies is also used. respondents in this study were determined by snowball sampling. Data analysis used is marketing efficiency analysis. The results showed that there were 3 rice marketing channels in Kalukku District, Mamuju Regency. The marketing channel has been efficient, where in supply chain channel 1 with an efficiency level of 12.9%, on marketing channel 2 with an efficiency level of 12.2%, and marketing channel 3 with an efficiency level of 13.2%.

ANALISIS SISTEM PEMASARAN BERAS DI KECAMATAN MATARAM KOTA MATARAM

Rice is the main basic need for most Indonesian people. Mataram District as one of the sub-districts in Mataram City has a fairly dense population, so the availability of rice is very important, on the other hand, productive land in this sub-district is getting narrower so that rice supplies from other areas are needed. This study aims to determine the origin of the rice supply area and then analyze the marketing channels of rice in the Mataram sub-district, Mataram City. Based on the results of the study, it was found that all regencies on the island of Lombok supply rice to Mataram District, in addition, 2 regencies outside the island of Lombok also supply rice to various sales centers in this sub-district, namely Sumbawa Besar District and West Sumbawa. Analysis of marketing channels obtained results where there are three patterns of rice marketing channels in Mataram District. Channel I, where farmers sell wet unhulled rice to middlemen (middlemen) and then sell them to wholesalers and then supply rice to traders at retailers and then to final consumers. Channel II, farmers sell grain to collectors and then directly to retailers and final consumers and Channel III, farmers sell directly to retailers to be sold directly to final consumers. The marketing margin for channel I is the largest, and the marketing margin is the smallest for channel III. Farmer's share is largest in marketing channel III (81.25%) while the lowest is in marketing channel I (72.33%). Based on the ratio of costs and results, channel III has the highest ratio so that it is said to be the most efficient

ANALISIS PEMASARAN BERAS ORGANIK BERSERTIFIKAT DAN NON ORGANIK DI DESA DLINGO KECAMATAN MOJOSONGO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Marketing was an important thing in establishing the sustainability of the organic farming business because marketing was an economic activity that affects the high and low income of farmers. non-organic, the share of the price received by farmers in each rice marketing channel, and knowing the efficiency of rice marketing in Dlingo Village, Mojosongo District, Boyolali Regency. Taking as many as 30 respondents organic farmers and 30 non-organic farmers using the simple random sampling method (Simple Random Sampling Method). In addition to determining the respondents, traders used the method of scoping respondents (Tracing Sampling Method). Based on the results of the study are as follows: (1) The margins for each actor in the organic rice marketing channel are 38.74% farmer group level, 38.74% wholesaler level, and 22.52% modern market level. Meanwhile, the margins for each actor in the non-organic rice marketing channel are 72.86% for village collectors, 15.71% for wholesalers, 11.43% for retailers. (2) The benefits received by each actor in the organic rice marketing channel are: farmers enjoy 16% profit, farmer groups 39.4%, wholesalers 4.1%, and modern markets 40.2%. In the marketing channel of non-organic rice, farmers enjoy 7.4% profit, village collectors 70.4% and wholesalers 9.8%, retailers 12.4%. (3) The efficiency level in the organic rice marketing channel is 26.04% while the efficiency level in the non-organic rice marketing channel is 36.36%, meaning that both marketing channels are not efficient.

Measuring margin and efficiency of the rice marketing channel

Rice is a commodity that holds a strategic position, and rice is also a strategic industry for the national economy. Marketing systems usually revolve around activities between suppliers of goods. In this case, the grain suppliers come from farmers. The process of marketing rice/grain from farmers will undergo a long process and will experience changes in prices from farmers to consumers. The study was conducted in Apala Village, Barebbo District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The analysis used in this study is a qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis using the marketing margin formula and marketing efficiency. The study results show that the margin in the first channel Rp. 3,933 with an efficiency level of 14.3% and a margin for the second channel of Rp. 3, 033 with an efficiency level of 12.4%. H al showed that both lines estab asaran have been efficient.

Margin analysis of rice market at Minasatene sub-district, Pangkep Regency

Rice is a very important agricultural land commodity in Indonesia. Therefore, rice production must increase and maintain to keep rice supply undistributed. In the other case, we must increase the amount of land production, the efficiency of the rice marketing system, so rice distribution from the production center to the consumer center with low cost of the market. The purpose of this research is: To the analysis of marketing margin, each marketing institution of rice marketing channel, marketing margin shows, marketing margin channel I Rp. 2,133/kg, marketing channel II Rp. 3,333/kg, marketing channel III Rp. 2,833/kg and marketing channel IV Rp. 3,833/kg.

Factors influencing the choice of marketing channel by rice producers: evidence from the Mekong Delta Region, Vietnam

The study examined the factors influencing the choice of rice marketing channel by smallholder rice producers in the Mekong Delta Region (MDR) of Vietnam. A multistage sampling technique was used to collect data from 405 rice producers in three provinces, namely, Can Tho, Dong Thap, and Tien Giang. The empirical results from the logit regression model reveal that distance to markets, asset endowment, farm size, sales quantity, price of rice, contract farming, organisational membership, access to credit, extension services, access to transportation, and storage facilities, influenced farmers' choice between direct and indirect channels. The findings suggest that policies should aim at setting up the appropriate floor price, improving transport infrastructure, providing formal credit and input subsidy, supporting farmer organisations, and strengthening extension services to help these farmers improve their livelihoods.

Pola Saluran Pemasaran Beras di Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Kabupaten Banyuasin

The purpose of this study is to first look at the pattern of rice marketing channels and to find out the factors that influence it in Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Regency. This research was conducted in Tanjung Lago district, Banyuasin Regency in September - November 2019. The selection of the location of this study was carried out deliberately with the consideration that the majority of residents in Tanjung Lago district Banyuasin Regency are rice farmers, there is a village market, and is an area of rice production centres. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive method with surveys and interviews in which the sampling is used a simple random sampling method by taking 100 respondents. The results of this study indicate that rice marketing institutions have formed a marketing pattern consisting of four marketing channels. Factors that have a significant effect on the pattern of rice marketing channels are farm-level selling prices, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency. Marketing channel 1 is the shortest marketing channel, which has produced the smallest marketing margin value of 23.65%. The selling price of farmers' grain/rice, marketing margins, and marketing efficiency partially or simultaneously significantly influences the average farmer share of 67.69%.