Ribbon Fish Research Articles

Whole genome sequence analysis of multi drug resistant community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from food fish: detection of clonal lineage ST 28 and its antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sequence type 28 (ST 28) and spa type t021 is a CC30, prototype of ST-30, Community Associated-MRSA (CA-MRSA) (lukS-lukF +). It is a multi-drug resistant strain harbouring staphylococcal endotoxins, haemolysins, ureolysin, serine protease, and antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of this MRSA isolated from the most commonly used food fish, ribbon fish (Trichiurus lepturus). The total number of assembled paired-end high-quality reads was 7,731,542 with a total length of 2.8Mb of 2797 predicted genes. The unique ST28/ t021 CA- MRSA in fish is the first report from India, and in addition to antibiotic resistance is known to co-harbour virulence genes, haemolysins, aureolysins and endotoxins. Comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of CA-MRSA strain7 can help further understand their diversity, genetic structure, diversity and a high degree of virulence to aid in fisheries management.

Bottom temperature warming and its impact on demersal fish off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan

Global climate change occurs not only at the ocean surface but also at the ocean bottom, which is the main habitat of demersal fish. To clarify the current status of bottom temperature warming off the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan, we examined gridded bottom temperature fields from 2003 to 2019. These fields were created by a newly developed gridding method using flexible Gaussian filter weighting with time, distance, and depth. Spatially averaged bottom temperature had a strong, significant warming trend of 0.083 to 0.115°C yr-1 in depth zones of 150-300 m, indicating bottom temperature warming. Corresponding to the warming, increases in landing amounts were found for warm-water species such as searobin in the middle region of our study area (37°50’-39°N). Seasonal catch amounts suggest that ribbon fish and swimming crab recently began to overwinter and reproduce in the area. The distribution shifts of non-target species in fisheries were also analyzed using bottom otter trawl survey data from the area from 2003 to 2019. Northward distribution shifts and increases in density were observed in blackbelly lantern shark and bighand grenadier, indicating that bottom temperature warming led to habitat expansion. Conversely, darkfin sculpin and jelly eelpout shifted northward with decreasing density, suggesting that bottom temperature warming had a negative effect on them. Deepsea bonefish shifted deeper into colder waters with increasing density and mean body weight. Thus, changes and responses of demersal fish to bottom temperature warming in the area were revealed.

Monitoring of Proximate Composition, Heavy Metal Concentrations and Pesticide Residues in Marine Dried Fish Available in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh

The study for this paper was conducted to assess the proximate compositions, heavy metal concentrations and pesticide residues in marine dried fish. The selected fish were silver pomfret (Pampus chinensis), bombay duck (Harpadon nehereus), ribbon fish (Trichiurus savala), sardine (Salmostona bacaila) and anchovy (Colia dussumieri) collected from the Cox’s Bazar, Kuakata (Patuakhali) and Dubla Island (Khulna) of Bangladesh coast. The moisture content ranged from 11.27% (S. bacaila) to 38.94% (P. chinensis) among the dried fish products. Protein content varied from 51.33% (C. dussumieri) to 77.68% (T. savala). The As concentration varied from 8.41 mg/kg to 22.27 mg/kg only in T. savala. The Fe content was measured 116.85 mg/kg to 160.18 mg/kg in H. nehereus and P. chinensis. The Zn concentration varied from 31.08 mg/kg to 36.74 mg/kg. Among heavy metals, As, Fe and Zn concentration were found higher than the permissible level for human consumption. However, Cd, Cu and Pb tested were found within the permissible level in all three species. The residue of organochlorine pesticide was found within the maximum residue limit level recommended by World Health Organization. The existence of pesticides residues in the samples of this study is a matter of health concern as this poisoning has long term effect on human health.

Screening of osmotolerant micro organisms in the dried salted fish sold in kanyakumari district, tamilnadu

Fish is one of the most important sources of animal protein available in the tropics and has been widely accepted as a good source of protein and other elements for the maintenance of healthy body. Salting and drying is an ancient and simple method to preserve fish and in India about 17% of the total catch is beingused for salting and drying. The present investigation was aimed to analyse the presence of osmotolerant microbes in the dry fishes. The commercially important marine edible salted dry fishes were collected from the study area Pallam. Four common edible dry fishes like (Nethili, Sardines, Ribbon fish and Prawn) wereselected for the screening of microbial population. The highest TFC value was reported in Sardine and Ribbon fish (5103) than the other fishes like Netthili and Prawn (4103 and 2103). The moisture content was higher (45%) in Prawn followed by Ribbon fish (40%), Sardines (29%), Netthili (26%). In this study,Prawn had high moisture content (45%) and high microbial load (5.3104 cfu/g). Total five fungal species were isolated from the selected dried fishes. The result of isolation of human pathogens such as Salmonella and Vibrio identified from the selected dry fish samples. The nutritive value of raw fish in found to be good.The sensory characteristics such as colour, odor, texture, insect infestation showed that the Sardine and Prawn was good in quality, while the netthili had decreased the quality. The study showed that salted and sundried fishes sold in study area are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria and fungal agents. Spoilage ofdried fish products was found and this might be due to unhygienic handling of the fisher folks, improper processing and unhygienic vendors and vending areas.

Characterization of the Whole Mitogenome of Largehead Hairtail Trichiurus lepturus (Trichiuridae): Insights into Special Characteristics.

Mitochondrial genomes are valuable for making inferences regarding population genetics, phylogenetics and recently in understanding adaptive variation in OXPHOS genes. Ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus is distributed in the Indian Ocean and contributes to a major share of pelagic fish landings. Considering the importance, we characterized the complete mitogenome of large head hairtail T. lepturus from Indian waters by PCR amplification and sequencing. The entire mitogenome is 16,840bp in length, with 13 protein coding genes, 2 subunit ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 control region similar to other vertebrates. Genome contains only 21 tRNAs (tRNAPro is absent) as against 22 tRNAs reported in other vertebrates. The putative origin of L-strand replication (OL) was located in a cluster of five tRNA genes (WANCY region) and may not be functional due to the variation of conserved motif (5'-GCCGG-3') and loop. These two unusual features are common for Trichiurus mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis supported the monophyly of Trichiuridae. This study will provide information for further studies on taxonomy, phylogeny and patterns of adaptive evolution in the mitogenome of Trichiurus species.

Effect of salt concentration on the rehydration capacity of sundried ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) stored at ambient (28-330c) and refrigeration (40c) temperature

A study was done to investigate the changes in water rehydration capacity of laboratory prepared control dried (dried fish treated without salt), 15% salt dried and 25% salt dried ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) stored in polyethene bag at ambient (28-330C) and refrigeration temperature (40C). The main objective of this study was to observe the effect of salt on the rehydration capacity of the dried ribbon fish during 2 months storage period. On the 1st day of storage the reconstitution level of control dried, 15% salt and 25% salt dried fish at 280, 400 and 600C was in the range of 30.05 to 70.98% having maximum value for control dried fish after 60 minute of soaking at 600C and minimum value for 25% salt dried fish after 15 minute of soaking at 280C. The reconstitution capacity of the dried fish products gradually increased with increasing soaking time and temperature. After 60 days of storage the rehydration capacity of dried products at same temperatures of 280, 400 and 600C ranged between 27.16 to 61.43% with highest value for control dried products stored at refrigeration temperature (40C) after soaking for 60 minutes at 600C and lowest value for 25% salt dried fish stored at ambient temperature (28-330C) after soaking for 15 minutes at 280C. Rehydration capacity of the dried products decreased very slowly during storage period due to the slow increment of moisture in the products stored both at ambient and refrigeration temperature. Salt-dried fish absorbed less moisture than that of unsalted dried fish and increased salt concentration resulted in the lower moisture absorption in the dried fish and thus reduced rehydration capacity.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(1): 107-115, April 2018

Fish Marketing of Ribbon Fish (Trichiurus sp.) in Nusantara Fishing Port (NFP)at Palabuhanratu, West Java

The objective of this research is to study the marketing process of ribbon fish (Trichiurus sp.), including the marketing margin, marketing agencies, traders and marketing channels The research was carried out for 3 mo in Nusantara Fishing Port (NFP), Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi, West Java. A case study was used in this research. A purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 55 respondents of fish marketing, consisting of fishermen, agents, traders, and retailers, who were involved in the marketing of ribbon fish in NFP Palabuhanratu. The result of the research showed that ribbon fish production in Palabuhanratu fluctuated from year to year. There are two types of ribbon fish marketing, i.e. type one is from fishermen to retailers, and type two is indirect marketing from fisherman to consumers through intermediate traders (exporters). The greatest marketing margin was obtained from the first type, while the smallest marketing margin was obtained from type two. The form of the market was considered to be oligopsony market. Fisherman’s share is greatest in the collectors and the smallest share is on retailers. Marketing process in traders is efficient due to its lowest margin and highest fisherman’s share.

Studies on the Proximate Composition, Quality and Heavy Metal Concentration of Sun-dried Bombay Duck and Sun-dried Ribbon Fish of Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh

Proximate composition, quality aspect and heavy metal concentration of sun-dried Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus) and sun-dried Ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) were studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Sun-dried fishes were collected from a fish market of Cox‟s Bazar town. These sun-dried marine fishes were collected from the stock after first drying procedure. Organoleptically most of these sun-dried fishes were in „B‟ grade that means in „Good‟ condition (SDP 2.33 and 2.35 respectively). Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N content (%) of sun-dried Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus) was 32.21±1.05 %, 3.51±0.38 %, 37.26±0.70 %, 16.22±0.56 %, 115.45±1.73 mg/100g, 9.37±0.13 mg/100g respectively. Whereas in sun-dried Ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) the content (%) of Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N was 31.64±1.28 %, 5.06±0.10 %, 35.78±0.97 %, 12.33±0.27 %, 107.69±1.37 mg/100g and 9.91±0.23 mg/100g respectively. Heavy metal concentration i.e. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Bombay Duck (Harpodon nehereus) was 0.82, 8.38, 8.28, 2.21, 55.38 ppm. Whereas heavy metal concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Ribbon fish (Trichiurus haumela) was Cd 0.48 ppm, Cr 6.96 ppm, Pb 5.46 ppm, Cu 1.40 ppm, Zn 19.95 ppm.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 55-60 2017

Utilization of aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads for highly accurate fluorescent detection of mercury (II) in environment and food

A fluorescent assay for Hg2+ was developed based on magnetic separation and the formation of T-Hg2+-T base pairs. The aptamers were immobilized on the surfaces of magnetic beads to form aptamers-functionalized magnetic beads (AMB). In the absence of Hg2+, the signal transduction probe (STP) can combine with AMB through complementary base pairing. There is almost no STP in the detection solution after magnetic separation, which results in the fluorescence signal quite weak. The presence of Hg2+ leads to the formation of T-Hg2+-T base pairs between aptamers and help DNA. After magnetic separation, Hg2+ is separated from the system and STP is left in the solution, so the fluorescence signal was significantly enhanced. The fluorescence intensity linearly increased with the increasing of Hg2+ concentration from 2 to 160nM with the detection limit of 0.2nM. This method has been successfully applied to test and quantify Hg2+ in river water and ribbon fish with satisfactory recoveries, and the results were in full agreement with those from the atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). As-built method could avoid the direct binding of Hg2+ with the fluorescent signal probe. Therefore, combining with magnetic separation, the heavy metal-fluorescence quenching effects could be effectively eliminated.

Quality Assessment of Improved Sun Dried Ribbon Fish (Trichiurus haumela) by Salt and Turmeric Powder Treatment

Quality Assessment of Improved Sun Dried Ribbon Fish (Trichiurus haumela) by Salt and Turmeric Powder Treatment

Functional properties of fish protein concentrate extracted from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala by different methods

Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy and highly nutritive product produced hygienically from fishes in which, protein and other nutrients are more concentrated than fresh fishes. In the present study an attempt was made to study the functional properties of FPC derived from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala so as to know the quality of the FPC. The important findings are summarized as: The chemical analysis of ribbon fish meat was observed to be moisture 76.82 per cent, crude protein 17.75 per cent, fat 2.08 per cent and ash 3.35 per cent. The percentage yield of separated ribbon fish meat was found to be 38 per cent, based on the total weight of fish. The chemical analysis and yield of FPC extracted from ribbon fish by using five different methods i.e. British process, Lever brother process, Canadian process, Viobin process and Indian process were observed moisture content as 13.88, 11.77, 10.78, 12.52 and 12.36 per cent, respectively; crude protein content as 81.61, 84.63, 86.80, 84.39 and 84.54 per cent, respectively; fat content as 0.97, 0.87, 0.55, 0.65 and 0.64 per cent, respectively, ash content as 3.54, 2.73, 1.87, 2.44 and 2.46 per cent, respectively and also, the percentage yield of FPC were observed to be 17.54, 17.56, 19.94, 18.19 and 19.61 per cent, respectively. The functional properties of FPC extracted from ribbon fish by using five different methods i.e. British process, Lever brother process, Canadian process, Viobin process and Indian process were observed viscosity as 91.67, 92.33, 114.00, 104.00 and 97.00 cP, respectively; solubility as 81.40, 80.09, 88.92, 83.41 and 83.79 per cent, respectively, emulsification capacity as 53.86, 54.67, 67.66, 53.60 and 59.77 per cent, respectively; emulsification stability as 45.03, 46.55, 58.84, 47.76 and 49.75 per cent, respectively, foaming capacity as 28.93, 31.75, 42.50, 32.40 and 35.10 per cent, respectively, foaming stability as 18.37, 20.47, 26.50, 18.87 and 21.42 per cent, respectively and water holding capacity as 2.78, 2.79, 4.27, 3.11 and 3.13 ml/g, respectively.

Effect of packaging materials on quality of fish protein concentrate extracted from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier, 1829)

Fish protein concentrate (FPC) is a healthy and highly nutritive product produced hygienically from fishes in which, protein and other nutrients are more concentrated than fresh fishes. In the present study an attempt was made to study the functional properties of FPC derived from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala were investigated in HDPE packaging materials and their shelf-life. The changes in chemical analysis of FPC powder prepared by Canadian process and stored at room temperature were investigated. Moisture content was increased in the range from 10.78 to 12.72 per cent, whereas the ash content was decreased in the range from 1.87 to 1.08 per cent, protein content was decreased in the range from 86.80 to 83.04 per cent and also, the fat content was decreased in the range from 0.55 to 0.40 per cent during the storage period of 180 days. The changes in functional properties of FPC powder prepared by Canadian process stored at room temperature were also investigated. The viscosity was decreased in the range from 114.00 to 100.00cP; solubility was decreased in the range from 88.92 to 83.78 per cemt, emulsification capacity was decreased in the range from 67.66 to 65.08 per cent, emulsification stability was decreased in the range from 58.84 to 56.02 per cent foaming capacity was decreased in the range from 42.50 to 32.64 per cent foaming stability was decreased in the range from 26.50 to 22.56 per cent gelation was decreased in the range from 26.50 to 20.25g. cm and also, the water holding capacity was decreased in the range from 4.27 to 3.86ml/g during the storage period of 180 days. The TPC (Total Plate Count) of the FPC powder showed increasing trend throughout the shelf-life study. The TPC of the FPC powder in storage at ambient temperature was increased from 0.42x10 2 to 1.48x10 3 cfu/g. As per microbiological quality of FPC extracted from ribbon fish, TPC value was within the acceptable limit during storage period of 180 days. The sensory qualities of FPC powder during storage at ambient temperature for 180 days were observed. For the FPC powder gradual reduction in the scores were observed with increase in the storage period. But, during storage period the sensory evaluation score indicated that the FPC extracted from ribbon fish was within the acceptable limit.

Marketing channel and value chain analysis of Bombay duck and ribbon fish in Cox’s Bazar area of Bangladesh

A study was conducted to investigate marketing channel and value chain of two commercially important marine fish species in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh, namely, Bombay duck Harpodon nehereus and Ribbon fish, Trichiurus haumela. Three types of markets were found in the study namely primary, secondary and retail markets. The number of sample fishermen and intermediaries were 120. About 4 to 5 intermediaries were found to be involved in the each marketing chain and this group is believed to make huge profit, thus the prices of fishes were very high in the final consumer market. Marketing margin for fresh Bombay duck and ribbon fish were 29% and 28% and dried Bombay duck and dried ribbon fish were 35% and 19% of consumer purchase price, respectively. Poor transport facilities and huge number of intermediaries in the marketing channels were the main problems of marine fish marketing channel. Government intervention in the marketing channel is necessary for sustainable fish marketing systems.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 222-227, 2016

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Frozen Fish and Fish Processing Materials from Bangladesh.

The present study aims at the microbiological analysis of export oriented frozen fishes, namely, Jew fish, Tongue Sole fish, Cuttle fish, Ribbon fish, Queen fish, and fish processing water and ice from a view of public health safety and international trade. Microbiological analysis includes the determination of total viable aerobic count by standard plate count method and enumeration of total coliforms and fecal coliforms by most probable number method. The presence of specific fish pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Vibrio cholerae were also investigated. The TVAC of all the samples was estimated below 5 × 105 cfu/g whereas the total coliforms and fecal coliforms count were found below 100 MPN/g and 10 MPN/g, respectively, which meet the acceptable limit specified by International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Food. The microbiological analysis of water and ice also complies with the specifications having TVAC < 20 cfu/mL, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms count were below the limit detection of the MPN method. Specific fish pathogens such as Salmonella sp. and V. cholerae were found absent in all the samples under the investigation. From this study, it can be concluded that the investigated frozen fishes were eligible for export purpose and also safe for human consumption.

Interannual and Seasonal Dynamics in Lipidic Signatures of Trichiurus lepturus

ABSTRACTInterannual and seasonal (premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon) variability in the lipid, fatty acids, and total cholesterol content of ribbon fish, Trichiurus lepturus were determined for a period of 4 years (2008–2011) along the southwest (SW) and southeast (SE) coasts of India. The lipidic compositions were studied along with chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) data obtained from MODIS and Sea WiFS. The lipid content shows seasonal fluctuations with higher values in the postmonsoon season along the SE coast and during the monsoon in the SW coast. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dominated over eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) throughout the seasons except in winter on the SE coast. The health indices such as atherogenic/thrombogenicity indices, total cholesterol, and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio of ribbon fish were found to be ideal, which contributed toward its parameters to be qualified as a potential health food.

Food and feeding habits of marine catfish, Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linn., 1758) off Mumbai waters

The food and feeding habits of the marine cat fish, Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linn.,1758) off Mumbai waters was studied. The species was found to be carnivorous and predacious in feeding habit. Index of preponderance values indicated that, it feeds mainly on crustaceans (shrimps, crabs), molluscs (bivalves, squids) and small fishes ( Coilia spp ., ribbon fish). Among the food groups, crustaceans dominate throughout the year in comparison to molluscs and fishes. In the crustacean group, Acetes spp. was found to be the dominant food item contributing to 43.34 per cent followed by penaeid shrimps, which shared 27.65 per cent of the total food in all the months. Analysis of month-wise percentage food composition revealed that, the species fed the highest percentage of Acetes spp . during the month of November (34.92%) while penaeid shrimps was consumed in the largest percentage in January (35.10%). With respect to the size (length) of the fish, the percentage of Acetes spp. as a food item was highest (52.99%) for the length group of 391-420 mm and lowest (25.64%) for 361-390 mm. The guts were found to be empty for fishes having length of more than 420 mm. Results of the feeding intensity delineated that, the species is not a voracious feeder as none of the individuals studied was found to have gorged or full stomach over the entire period of investigation. Among the different length groups, the highest feeding fishes were in the length group of 211-240 mm. Gastro-somatic index was highest during August for males and during November for females while the pooled value was highest in January (3.206).

Effect of gamma radiation on microbiological changes in dry salted ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savala, Cuvier, 1829)

A study was conducted to determine the effects of gamma radiation on microbiological qualities of dry salted ribbon fish ( Lepturacanthus savala ) collected from fish drying yard. Results of microbiological analysis showed that total plate count in non-irradiated ribbon fish was 6.9±0.15 log cfug -1 which was significantly reduced by 1 logs at 1.0 kGy, 2 to 3 logs at 3.0 kGy and 3 to 4 logs at 5.0 kGy gamma radiation. Maximum staphylococci count was noted in non-irradiated ribbon fish (3.17±0.17 log cfug -1 ) compared to irradiated with 1.0 kGy (2.63±0.50 log cfug -1 ), 3.0 kGy (2.35±0.35 log cfug -1 ) and 5.0 kGy (1.95±0.50 log cfug -1 ) on 0 th day. At the end of experiment, the halophilic count was 4.98±0.40 log cfug -1 in control while in 5.0 kGy irradiated fish sample it was 1.49±0.49 log cfug -1 . Vibrio cholera, Salmonella and Shigella and E.coli were not detected in experimental fish samples during investigation. Total fungal count recorded was 2.48±0.03 log cfug -1 in non-irradiated ribbon fish but it was totally eliminated in 5.0 kGy irradiated fish samples. Gamma irradiation doses (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 kGy) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on sensory properties (appearance, colour, odour and texture) of dry salted ribbon fish sample neither at zero time nor during nine month storage periods. It can be concluded that, gamma irradiation dose of 3.0 and 5.0 kGy had a significant (P<0.05) effects on decreasing microbial load and improve the microbiological safety of dry salted ribbon fish without any adverse effects on their sensory quality.

The Status of the Marine Fisheries of West Bengal Coast of the Northern Bay of Bengal and Its Management Options: A Review

Marine fishery is one of the most important sectors for both economic and social development of the country. The whole coast of West Bengal was surveyed from July 2010 to August 2012 for acquiring data on marine fishing. The secondary data were also collected from various government departments and non-government organizations. After compiling all the data a clear picture of marine fisheries in the coastal region of West Bengal was emerged. Arius spp. has the height percentage (15.16) and Yellow Fin Tuna has the lowest percentage (0.06) of landing in West Bengal coast during 2006–2012. Bombay duck and Hairtail Ribbon fish landing shows a decreasing tendency in these 7 years. As the number of mechanically powered boats are increasing in recent years, the total marine fish landing from West Bengal coast is remained more or less static. Therefore, the catch per unit effort has declined significantly in recent years (r = 0.77). So, immediate remedial measures should be taken to manage sustainably, the marine fishery sector of West Bengal.

Strategi Peningkatan Kinerja Nelayan dalam Rantai Pasok Ikan Layur melalui Pengembangan Modal Insani di Pelabuhanratu

The decrease layur fish export in Pelabuhanratu. The roof of the problems are human resources or human capital, performance and supply chain problems. The purpose of this study is formulating the strategy of increasing fisherman performance strategy in ribbon fish supply chain through develop human capital. The increase of fisherman performance is got from the observe activity depth interview with the people who are related to and fishbone chart analized to identify problems which happened in fisherman that cause decreasing fish export and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used for the strategy to get a strategy which is suitanable with the fisherman. From the analyze result that we have done with strategy wisdom we are got is increasing training strategy which is adapted with the requirements we hope that it can increase fisherman performance, we hope that the welfare of fisherman will increase.

Determination of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Residues Levels in Commercial Marine Dry Fish from Different Regions of Bangladesh

Dichlorodiphenyltrichl oroethane (DDT) residual levels are available several commercially dry fishes. So these fishes were detected and determinate the contamination status of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The most popular dry fish -Ribbon fish (Lepturacanthus savala), C hinese pomfret (Pampus chinensis), Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus) and Shrimp sp. (crustaceans) were selected for this study and these dry fishes were collected from nine different markets (three from each of Khulna, Chittagong and Cox's bazar district) o f Bangladesh during December-March in 2013. A total number of 36 samples were selected for analyzing in the laboratory by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry electron captured (GC-ECD) detector. The ranges of DDT in all samples were 2.81 to 877.82 ppb. The ranges of DDT in the samples of Bombay duck, Chinese pomfret, Ribbon f ish and Shrimp were 13.7-874.35ppb, 2.81OriginalResearch Article