Ribbed Smoked Sheet Research Articles

Business model development for installation of rubber floor mats to support productivity in dairy farming

Purpose. Ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) rubber gradually loses its quality as it is stored after production. Rubber floor mats are recommended as a marketable upstream production in the Thailand rubber industry to help add economic value to low-graded RSS. However, limited attention in research has been paid to business development, particularly on practical models focusing on the demand perspectives. This study helped fill the knowledge gap by analysing factors influencing labour production in dairy farming and proposing a business model based on productivity analysis. The aim of the project was to create a practical business model for cattle rubber floor mats made of low-graded RSS rubber used for nourishing and housing management to promote labour productivity in dairy farming. Methodology / approach. The study used mixed-methods research. A theoretical framework was developed concerning rubber floor mats used in dairy farming, which helped improve the nourishing and housing management of dairy cattle and promote labour productivity. This research adopted Osterwalder’s business model canvas to examine the demand and supply elements of dairy cattle floor mats made of low-graded rubber. It also used the knowledge-based entrepreneurship concept to scrutinise knowledge-based business development. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data required for multiple regression analysis of labour productivity using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. It also used semi-structured interviews to scrutinise the subjective experiences of farmers. A focus group discussion was conducted to investigate academics and rubber promotional authorities concerning potential technology and the possibility of transfer of production technology to promote knowledge-based business development. Results. The empirical evidence presented in this paper confirmed that rubber floor mats could help enhance cattle nourishment, dairy housing management and labour productivity. Regional knowledge transfer network was revealed as a driver of knowledge-based development for assisting local upstream rubber farmers in pursuing eco-innovation in rubber production, aligning with the national initiatives of Industry 4.0 and Bio-Circular-Green economy (BCG) concepts. Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of this paper is that it presents the results of an empirical study using mixed methods for the first time aiming at clarifying practical elements of the supply and demand sides’ components of the Osterwalder`s Business Model Canvas for developing a business model delivered as a knowledge-based business model for the production of dairy cattle floor mats made of low-graded RSS rubber to help guide practical downstream rubber business development. The qualitative results, together with the quantitative analysis of labour productivity, are based on the perceptions of local farmers in Thailand regarding the use of rubber floor mats on the farm; previous studies scientifically prove its positive relation to an increase in dairy cattle nourishing, hence the daily productivity. Practical value / implications. The novel business model canvas could promote the practical cattle floor mats business development. University engagement and public support were included as the critical drivers in this knowledge-based business model. The model implementation could help encourage rubber farmers and smallholders in upstream rubber production to move towards downstream business development and become knowledge-based entrepreneurs in value-added rubber floor mats production. It could also guide the agricultural policymakers to benchmark and evaluate their policy targeting innovative knowledge-based business development for rubber extension.

Energy and exergy analysis for fast drying of ribbed smoked sheets in a novel forced-convection rubber smoking room

Rubber sheet smoking rooms are widely used by small farmers in rubber growing regions: sheets of raw rubber latex are ‘smoked’ in them to remove moisture, preserve and prepare the rubber for transport. Energy and exergy for a novel forced-convection rubber sheet smoking room were analyzed. Inlet hot air velocity varied between 12 and 14 m/s and the fuel-wood moisture content was between 24–55 % dry basis. Thermal efficiency for drying ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) rubber was 13.4–16.7 %. The specific energy consumption (SEC) was between 13.5–16.9 MJ/kg of water evaporated. The highest thermal efficiency or lowest specific energy consumption was achieved when using the dry fuel-wood (inlet velocity 14 m/s, 53 % db fuel-wood), while the RSS quality was maximum (100 %). The overall second law (exergy) efficiency was from 2.2-5.8 %. The highest exergy efficiency was obtained for air at 12 m/s and 24 % db fuel-wood. However, in this condition, only 55 % of sheets showed good quality. The exergy efficiency for the most suitable condition (100 % high quality sheets) was 2.6 %. Compared to an earlier forced-convection smoking room, the new room reduced the drying time from 48 h to 36 h, while thermal efficiency increased from 14.3 % to 16.5 %. When compared to the original smoking room, 65 % fuel-wood and 50 % drying time were saved and the rubber sheet quality increased from ∼90 % to 100 %. Overall, our forced-convection room was more efficient, dried faster and produced better quality than all previous types.

Reduction of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol odor emitted from Ribbed Smoked Sheet by Co(II)-salen complex

Reduction of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol odor emitted from Ribbed Smoked Sheet by Co(II)-salen complex

The Effect of a Combination of Rubber Wood and Palm Shells as a Source of Fuel in the Fumigation Process Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS)

Natural rubber is one of the ingredients result that there are many rubber plantation in Indonesia, products of natural rubber product manufactured by company nationwide Rubber Company is lateks dark, ribbed smoked sheet and crumb rubber one of products manufactured by the factory rubber factory in Indonesia is ribbed smoked sheet. ribbed smoked sheet is one kind of processed products derived from latex or latex have a brisiliensis rubber plants are processed in mechanical and chemical engineering using a drying room with smoke, almost all factories do fumigation only using rubber wood as fuel, the researchers are looking for alternative fuel using palm shells are pretty much and easily accessible in the palm oil mill. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of fuel combination of rubber wood and palm shells as a fuel source fumigation ribbed smoked sheet this study uses fuel of rubber wood and palm shells by using a laboratory scale fumigation, the first combination used 100% rubber woods, the second combination used 50% rubber woods and 50% palm shells the third combination used 100% palm shells. Ribbed smoked sheet which is observed according to the ribbed smoked sheet Indonesian national standard (SNI) the result of the study indicated that wood rubber fuel produce the best ribbed smoked sheet than palm shells and the combination of palm shells and rubber wood.

Line Balancing Analysis in Ribbed Smoked Sheet Production Using Heuristics Methods (Study at PT. Wabin Jayatama, Serang, Banten, Indonesia)

Production line balancing is done to increase line efficiency. Product flow between workstations is stated to be better when the percentage of line efficiency is higher. One of the factors that can hinder the smooth running of a line is a bottleneck. The occurrence of a bottleneck at the Ribbed Smoked Sheet production station, namely the milling and sorting station, at PT. Wabin Jayatama caused the production line to become unbalanced. The output that will be generated from this research is the efficiency level of the actual production line and the proposed design of a production line with more optimal efficiency, which will later be used as a consideration for recommendations to improve the performance of the company's production line. This research was carried out using the Kilbridge & Wester Heuristic method and the Ranked Positional Weights Heuristic method. The results of the line balance analysis showed that the production line had a higher line efficiency (LE) of 50.05%, an increase by 25.62% to 75.67%. The initial line balance delay (BD) of 49.55% can be reduced by 25.22% to 24.33%. Then the Smoothest Index (SI) of 447.74 can decrease by 360.51 to 87.23.

Path Analysis of Factors Influencing the Export Price of Thai Rubber Ribbed Smoked Sheet no. 3

Path Analysis of Factors Influencing the Export Price of Thai Rubber Ribbed Smoked Sheet no. 3

Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support dan Kepuasan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Employee Engangement Syariah sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong, Kab. Jepara, Jawa Tengah)

Indonesia has a plantation area of 25,302,200 hectares (BPS Data, 2021). One of the business entities that is a source of foreign exchange for the country is PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, a state-owned company and a subsidiary of PTPN III (Holding) which owns palm oil, sugar cane, rubber, coffee and tea commodities. PTPN IX has 15 gardens spread throughout Central Java province, one of which is Balong Gardens. Balong Gardens is one of the business units owned by PTPN IX located in the Kab. Jepara, Central Java whose main commodity is rubber plants which produce RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet) and Lump. Company goals can be achieved if human resource management is managed professionally so that the company can get employees who work optimally and make a positive contribution to the company. The aim of this research is to analyze the direct and indirect roles in improving employee performance The type used in this research is quantitative. This research has a population, namely workers at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Kebun Balong, Jepara Regency, Central Java, as many as 539 people. Perceived organizational support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. The better the PT support. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong to employees will further improve the quality of performance of all employees. Employee satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. Compensation practices that have been implemented by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong is on the right track by carrying out digitalization in the process of distributing employee rights both financially and non-financially. The comfort felt by employees makes employees feel satisfied and tries to improve their performance for the company. The variables examined in this research include perceived organizational support and employee satisfaction. The most influential variable is employee satisfaction compared to perceived organizational support on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong needs to take strategic steps to increase employee engagement, especially when climate conditions do not allow employees to work. Maintain employee motivation and maintain employee physical fitness so that they are more connected to the company.

Towards Sustainable Downstream Production: Upstream Innovation and Business Model Development for Low-Graded Ribbed Smoked Sheet Natural Rubber in Thailand

Objective: This study from Thailand examined business model development to help transform low-graded ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) rubber into cow shoe production targeting dairy farming. With the Industry 4.0 concept of the knowledge-based economy in the central focus, the research objective was to examine both the supply and demand sides for developing a practical knowledge-based cow shoe business model. Methods: This qualitative research adopted the concepts of knowledge-based entrepreneurship (KBE) and Osterwalder's business model canvas to guide the investigative design. It used documentary analysis, in-depth interviews, and a focus group discussion as the data collection instruments. The data analysis technique was a generic interpretive approach allowing the researchers to analyze the data by constructing codes, categories, and result conceptualization based on the underpinning conceptions of KBE and the business model canvas. Results: This study confirmed cow shoe production as a potential downstream business for rubber production in Thailand with the possibility of KBE characterization of innovation, growth, and competitive advantage. Cow shoes could be sold throughout the year for cattle nourishing routines to ease the pain from hoof and claw trimming. Critical success factors for KBE development in this business included creating production technology transfer networks, promoting financial and knowledge support from rubber promotional authorities and regional universities, and developing a sustainable ecosystem for rubber production to be linked in the value chain with rubber biofuel and cattle farming industries. Conclusion: Considering that innovative rubber production was often suggested at the policymaking level, this paper has filled the knowledge gap by delivering a novel practical framework, supported by empirical evidence, to promote KBE in cow shoe business development as a sustainable downstream business.

Social Sustainability of Raw Rubber Production: A Supply Chain Analysis under Sri Lankan Scenario

Raw rubber production is the sole foundation for the rubber product industry, rendering raw rubber to manufacture essential commodities to mankind, such as tires, condoms, surgical gloves, and so forth. Raw rubber production involves various stakeholders; however, literature focusing on the social impacts of the supply chains of raw rubber production has hereto been absent. Social life cycle assessment, a popular tool to assess the social impacts of a product or process and was deployed herein to assess the social profiles of three Sri Lankan raw rubber supply chains (crepe rubber, concentrated latex, and ribbed smoked sheets) in a cradle-to-gate manner. The Social Hotspots Database v4 on Sima Pro v9.3 was used for the analysis. Results indicated that Governance, Labour rights & decent work had been affected due to Corruption and Freedom of association & collective bargaining issues, mainly in Belarus and China. Proposed improvement options to address these touchpoints were found to be effective. If the importation of K-fertilizer shifted into countries with lower risks, such as Canada, Israel, and Lithuania, overall social risks associated with Corruption and Freedom of association & collective bargaining could be reduced by ca. 36% and 25%, respectively. As a result, social risks in the impact described above categories, i.e., Governance and Labor rights & decent work, were reduced by ca. 35–41% and ca. 17–20%, respectively. Managers may pay thorough attention to the hotspots identified herein in the first place and try to avoid them as much as possible. They may consider importation from the aforesaid low-risk countries while weighing the trade-offs with economic and environmental aspects.

Morphology and aggregation process of natural rubber particles

Natural rubber particles (NRPs) are the main place of natural rubber biosynthesis and storage which exist as the organelle in the latex tube cells of rubber trees. Here, we observed the aggregation process from the morphology of rubber particles and correlated the aggregate structure with the mechanical properties. The rubber particle sizes were first examined by optical microscopy, and the distribution showed a Gaussian curve with an average diameter of 1200 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then used to photograph the smaller particles, which supported a Gaussian distribution for NRPs smaller than 200 nm in diameter. They collectively indicated a bimodal distribution of NRP size, consistent with the results of the laser particle size analyzer. The percentage of the small rubber particles was measured to be 68.3 % and 31.7 % for the large rubber particles. The aggregation process of NRPs was observed as membrane fusion, superimposed aggregation, followed by the concavity of the inner core from the outside, and finally the formation of aggregated state rubber. Subsequently, the natural rubber latex films were obtained by spreading the latex at room temperature. The green strength was tested in its naturally dried stacked aggregated state, reaching a notable strength of 8 MPa. This was about 7 times higher than that of the ribbed smoked sheet (RSS). In contrast, when the naturally dried rubber film was processed by high-temperature molding and low-temperature setting, its green strength dropped to the level of the RSS. It thus supports that the processing methods, such as high temperature and shearing, could significantly impact the structure and performance of natural rubber (NR). Consequently, excellent performance of elastomeric materials might be reached under low-temperature drying and normal-temperature vulcanization processing methods.

Evaluation of Interface Shear Strength Coefficient of Alternative Geogrid Made from Para Rubber Sheet

In this work, elastic natural rubber compound sheet (RCS) and ribbed smoked sheet grade 3 (RSS) were studied as alternative replacements for polymer geogrid for soil reinforcement. In order to investigate the reinforcing effectiveness in three distinct environments using the interface shear strength coefficient (Rin) by the large-scale direct shear test, the RSS and RCS geogrids were installed independently in sand, lateritic soil, and clay. Using either an RSS geogrid or RCS geogrid, the average Rin is progressively smaller in reinforced sand, lateritic soil, and clay, respectively. Higher tensile strength of reinforced materials using the RCS geogrid than those using the RSS geogrid is encouraged by the better elastic characteristics of the RCS geogrid. Thus, utilizing the RCS geogrid-reinforced materials can better increase the shear strength of coarse-grained soil such as sand and gravel.

One facile route to prepare high‐strength natural rubber through a green cardanol modification technology

AbstractA new modification strategy of natural rubber (NR) with high efficiency and environmental protection is proposed to get a high‐strength natural rubber (HSNR) by wetly modifying the natural latex with cardanol emulsified by emulsifier fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) first and then short‐term high‐temperature treatment. The obtained HSNR was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the influences of the amount of cardanol on the crystallization behavior, processability, and physicomechanical properties were also studied. The results indicated that HSNR has a higher molecular weight, gel content, Mooney viscosity, initial plastic value, and elastic modulus, exhibiting good thermal stability and high glass transition temperature. Markedly, HSNR vulcanizates had excellent mechanical strength and thermo‐oxidative aging resistance when the optimum dosage of cardanol was 1 phr. Further discussion revealed that cardanol could effectively modify NR and enhance comprehensive properties by promoting the crosslinking of molecular chains of NR and introducing phenol, which contributed to the potential value in the application field of replacing ribbed smoked sheets.

Socio-economic Context of Rubber Growing in Non-traditional Rubber Cultivating Areas

Monaragala is one of the main non-traditional rubber cultivating areas in Sri Lanka, where majority of rubber is cultivated by smallholders. This is an attempt to identify the socio demographic characteristics, rubber cultivation characteristics, and rubber processing characteristic of smallholders in Monaragala district. The data used in this study were gathered through a field survey using a sample of 150 smallholders and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the survey showed that the knowledge of smallholders regarding rubber processing was around 70% and the processing standards was at a lower level. Majority of the smallholders are producing Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS) or sell raw field latex, which resembles that there is a potential to diversify the processing sector by introducing other processing techniques such as crepe rubber and technically specified rubber. Majority of the sample population which was around 63% were attracted towards high cost group processing centers than processing RSS at household level by using low-cost simple techniques such as using carpets for milling and chimney for smoke drying.

Natural Para Rubber in Road Embankment Stabilization

This is the first study on “ribbed smoked sheets (RSS)” as a geogrid reinforcement in geotechnical engineering. An RSS is a kind of natural para rubber. RSS (grade 3) was designed as a biaxial geogrid with an aperture size of 20 mm × 20 mm and a spacing of 20 mm. The RSS was found to be a significant functional layer when applied to the subbase lateritic soil layer. The lateritic soil with an RSS reinforcing layer was greatly improved regarding the California bearing ratio (CBR). Numerical simulation using two-dimensional finite element software was used to determine the optimal number and positions of the RSS reinforcing layers in road embankment stabilization. The simulation data in terms of horizontal displacement of unreinforced road embankments was validated by the collected data from the actual construction site. The RSS reinforced layer was varied from one to three layers under 61 analysis conditions. The highest safety factor was obtained with two layers of RSS at 0.1H below the top of the road embankment and 0.4H below the first RSS layer, suggesting a suitable installation of the RSS reinforcing layer. The RSS is thus strongly recommended as a reinforcing material in low CBR lateritic soil for the road embankment.

Improvement of Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS) Production Effectiveness and Efficiency Using Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Concept on Sheeter Machine

This study aims to measure the sheeter machine's effectiveness, efficiency, and decline factors. Also, recommendations for improvement are made to counteract the decrease in RSS production efficiency. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Total Equipment Efficiency (TEE) were used to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the machine. The Failure Method Effect Analyze (FMEA) is used to investigate machine failure, while TPM provides recommendations for improvement. The results showed that the sheeter machine effectiveness value in one year was almost entirely above the international standard at 85%, except for April and May at 72.27% and 80.33%. Furthermore, the highest and lowest TEE value was in February and April with 86.29% and 58.11%, respectively. According to the Six Big Losses calculations, the causes of a decrease in the effectiveness and efficiency of the sheeter machine were breakdown, setup, and adjustment losses, and idling, and minor stoppages. The failures with the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) based on the FMEA were rusty bearings and halted machines resulting from tucked sheets under the roller. Minimizing Six Big Losses and adopting an autonomous maintenance system were two recommendations based on the TPM concept for increasing the efficacy and efficiency of RSS manufacturing.

EFISIENSI BIAYA DENGAN PENERAPAN SISTEM ACTIVITY BASED MANEGEMENT (ABM) UNTUK MENENTUKAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI

This study aims to determine the efficiency of production costs of PT.Perkebunan Nusantara XII Kebun Mumbul RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet) Factory after the implementation of Activity Based Management (ABM).This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This research was conducted by identifying the activities that occur during the production process. Where the company data that has been collected will be compiled, processed, and analyzed to determine value-added and non-value added activities and impose costs into activities according to the amount of resources used or use direct loading to activities. Then compared with the theories that have existed so far. From the results of the comparison, a conclusion was drawn. The results of this study indicate that the application of the Activity Based Management(ABM)method at the RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet) factory can lead to production cost efficiency. This is because the amount of production costs in the ABM method results in lower production costs compared to the calculation of conventional methods. Keywords: efficiency, ABC, ABM

Characterization of the trans-structure in the molecular chain structure of natural rubber

Natural rubber (NR) has excellent mechanical properties due to its unique molecular chain structure. In previous studies, the signal of the cis- and trans-isoprene units was deduced by 13C-NMR spectrum of the low molecular weight fraction of NR. In this study, through investigating the 1H-NMR spectra of ribbed smoked sheet 1 (RSS-1) and standard Chinese rubber whole fraction (SCR-WF), and Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG), trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI), found that the methyl-proton in the cis- and trans-isoprene units in 1H-NMR spectra of NR showed signals at 1.61 and 1.53 ppm, respectively. Further, the content of trans-structure in the molecular chain of NR of different producing areas was calculated. The results show that the content of trans-structure in the molecular chain structure of RSS-1 and SCR-WF were 1.500 and 1.054%, respectively.

Prediction of Size Distribution and Mass Concentration of Smoke Particles on Moisture Content and Combustion Period from Para Rubber Wood Burning

The size distribution and total particle mass concentration (TPMC) of smoke particles from para rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) combustion in the ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) process were studied. In this experiment, temperature data values of para rubber wood combustion were recorded at 500 mm above the base of the fire by K-type thermocouples. The wood moisture content and wood combustion period were used to find and improve an equation of smoke particle size distribution (SPSD) and TPMC by the response surface method (RSM). An eight-stage Andersen air sampler and a high-volume sampler were used to measure and calculate SPSD and TPMC, respectively. Resulting data in this experiment showed that TPMC ranged from 3.12 to 77.42 mg/m3. SPSD was single mode in which MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter, ranged from 0.64 to 1.27 microns for para wood with moisture content ranging from 31.5 to 89.7% dry weight basis. The combustion period and moisture content of para wood have a direct effect on the change of temperature data above the base of the fire and the TPMC and MMAD values. For predicting TPMC and MMAD values by the para wood moisture contents in each combustion period, the results found that the second-degree model was a better plot than the first-degree model, confirmed by higher values of the coefficient of determination (R2).

Mechanical and dynamic properties of composite rubber (RSS and SBR) with waste rubber crumb and copper fiber

Waste rubber tire is difficult to decompose by nature, but it can be reused as a part of composite rubber materials. In this research, waste rubber crumb was mixed into Ribbed Smoked Sheets (RSS) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) compound to form a composite rubber. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical and dynamic properties of RSS and SBR compounds with waste rubber crumb and copper fibber. For this purpose, another composite material in the form of copper fiber is also added which is expected to increase the damping properties of the rubber even though the mechanical properties of the rubber will decrease. RSS and SBR rubber compounds consist of 25-phr and 50-phr waste rubber crumb. Waste rubber crumb is taken from used vehicle tires with the granular size passes through the mesh sieve number # 100. 5-phr, 10-phr, 20-phr, and 30-phr of copper fibers were added into 25-phr and 50-phr respectively. The copper fiber used is 0.3 ± 0.05 mm in diameter and length to diameter ratio is 40. The results of this study indicate that the addition of waste rubber 25-phr and 50-phr decreases the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and shear modulus but increases the damping properties. The addition of copper fiber 5-phr until 30-phr decreses the tensile strength and elastic modulus but increases the shear modulus and the damping properties.

A life cycle assessment of intermediate rubber products in Thailand from the product environmental footprint perspective

Abstract Thailand produces one-third of the world's total natural rubber and is the top supplier of natural rubber to Europe. The European Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) plays an essential role in reducing the environmental impacts of the rubber products imported into Europe. This is the first work to evaluate the PEF of fresh latex, cup lump, and hevea wood from the plantation phase (primary products) and the PEF of intermediate rubber products: ribbed smoked sheets (RSS), ribbed smoked sheet bales (RSSB), block rubber (Standard Thai Rubber, STR 20), concentrated latex, and lumber AB in Thailand. A national database and secondary data were used to compile a life cycle inventory. The PEF of fresh latex, cup lump, and hevea wood were 0.194, 0.437, and 0.229, respectively. RSS and RSSB showed PEF values of 3.96 and 1.52, respectively while those of STR 20, concentrated latex, and lumber AB were 0.861, 1.49, and 0.473, respectively. The most significant impacts are human toxicity (non-cancer effects) in RSS and RSSB, human toxicity (cancer effects) in STR 20, eutrophication (terrestrial) in concentrated latex, and particulate matter/respiratory inorganics in lumber AB. The hot spots originated from the acquisition of fresh latex and firewood use in the RSS production. A significant influence on firewood consumption was found during the production of RSS by a sensitivity analysis. To enhance the competitiveness of Thailand's rubber industry in the European Union market, minimization of the use of firewood and increasing energy efficiency are crucial in the manufacture of rubber products. Policymakers should emphasize increasing knowledge of sustainable practices for farmers to reduce the impacts at the plantation phase. The PEF results can be used as decision criteria for the development of rubber-product PEF labels.