Rhizome Essential Oil Research Articles

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm. f.) Roscoe and Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Essential Oil Gel Formulations by Carrageenan Induction Method

Bioactive compound from essential oils of Alpinia malaccensis (AM) and Kaempferia galanga (KG) rhizomes, respectively, such as methyl cinnamate and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMS) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. The present study aimed to determine the topical anti-inflammatory activity of 3 gel formulations (Formula 1, 2 and 3) having different concentrations of essential oil from AM and KG rhizomes. The gelling agent used in this study was Carbopol 934. The physicochemical parameters of the gel formulations such as organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and spreadability as well as hedonic test were also examined. The anti-inflammatory activity assay was carried out using the carrageenan induced rat paws edema method. The chemical composition of AM and KG rhizomes was identified by GC-MS with LRI index. The major essential oils content in AM and KG rhizome was methyl cinnamate (58.80%) and ethyl-p-methoxy cinnamate (59.68%), respectively. Based on the results of physical evaluation, hedonic test and anti-inflammatory activity, Formula 1 with 5% AM and 2.5% KG essential oils is the best formula with % inflammation inhibition of 36.32 ± 6.32%.

Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome Essential Oil Induces Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Jurkat Cells

Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. is an important medicinal herb from the zingiberaceae family that has long been used as a folk medicine to treat a variety of diseases. In the present study, rhizome essential oil of Z. zerumbet (ZZREO) was examined through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). Total 28 compounds were identified accounting 91.83% of the total oil. Zerumbone (71.93 ± 0.43%) was identified to be the predominant compound in ZZREO. Apart from zerumbone, camphene (4.01 ± 0.43%), α-humulene (3.83 ± 0.27%), germacrene B (2.38 ± 0.52%), elemol (2.02 ± 0.34%), camphor (1.57 ± 0.39 %) and eucalyptol (1.5 ± 0.29%) were found to be the other major constituents. ZZREO decreases the vitality of Jurkat (Acute T-cell leukaemia) cells in a concentration dependent manner, without damaging human PBMC according to the cytotoxic study. The inhibitory action of tested oil on Jurkat cells was noted at 24 and 48h with IC50 value of 36.37 ± 0.94 and 30.83 ± 0.82 μg/mL respectively. Annexin-FITC assay using flow cytometry showed that ZZREO induced apoptosis in jurkat cells. Similarly, cell cycle analysis by PI staining exhibited that it induces G2/M phase cell cycle attest in Jurkat cells. Additionally, DNA fragmentation analysis conformed the apoptosis exhibiting fragmented DNA of ZZREO treated Jurkat cells. ZZREO possesses substantial antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing activity against Jurkat cells, indicating that it could be employed as a therapeutic agent for acute T cell leukemia treatment and management.

Essential Oil Chemotypes of Four Vietnamese Curcuma Species Cultivated in North Alabama

Curcuma (turmeric) species are important culinary and medicinal plants, and the essential oils of Curcuma rhizomes have demonstrated promising pharmacological properties. The essential oils (EOs) of Curcuma species possess a wide variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antiproliferative, hypocholesterolemic, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, hypotensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antithrombotic, antityrosinase, and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitory activities, among others. Curcuma oils are also known to enhance immune function, promote blood circulation, accelerate toxin elimination, and stimulate digestion. C. longa (turmeric) and C. zedoaria (zedoary) are the most extensively studied species of Curcuma due to their high commercial value. There is some interest in expanding the cultivation of Curcuma species to the southern regions in North America where the climate is favorable. The purpose of this work was to examine the rhizome essential oil composition of four species of Curcuma (C. aromatica, C. caesia, C. longa, C. zanthorrhiza) that were obtained from Vietnam and cultivated in North Alabama. The rhizome essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oils of C. aromatica were dominated by curzerenone (14.7–18.6%), germacrone (10.7–14.7%), 1,8-cineole (5.2–11.7%), and an unidentified component (8.7–11.0%). The major components in C. longa rhizome oil were ar-turmerone (8.3–36.1%), α-turmerone (12.7–15.2%), β-turmerone (5.0–15.4%), α-zingiberene (4.6–13.9%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (4.6–10.0%). The essential oils of C. caesia and C. zanthorrhiza were rich in curzerenone, curdione, and germacrone. These adapted turmeric varieties in North Alabama have potential use for medical purposes and medicinal plant oil market demands in the U.S.

Direct sunlight and partial shading alter the quality, quantity, biochemical activities of Kaempferia parviflora Wall., ex Baker rhizome essential oil: A high industrially important species

Kaempferia parviflora Wall., ex Baker is a perennial plant with numerous medicinal properties. Different light intensity is known to produce variable results in crops. Keeping in view the importance of the plant, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of direct and partial sunlight on K. parviflora essential oil yield, chemical profile as well as biological activities. For direct sunlight conditions K. parviflora were planted in an open field and for partial shade (75% sunlight) under a green polyethylene agro shade net during the year 2020. The essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation were chemically profiled by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) which revealed linalool as the major compound in both K. parviflora essential oil under shade cultivation (KPEOSH) and K. parviflora essential oil under direct sunlight cultivation (KPEOS) with significantly higher linalool content in KPEOSH (43.35%). The essential oil yield of KPEOSH (0.92% w/w) was found to be higher than KPEOS (0.76% w/w). The essential oils were analyzed for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cholinesterase, tyrosinase, anti-diabetic, and genotoxicity properties. Both the KPEOSH and KPEOS exhibited superior activities than the standards for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase, tyrosinase, and antidiabetic properties. However, both the essential oils possessed inferior antibacterial and weak antifungal properties. Considering the genotoxicity assay, both the essential oils were found to be non-toxic. The essential oils can be analyzed for further pharmaceutical applications considering their higher biological activity as compared with standards. The present investigation suggested that partial shade conditions give higher essential oil yield than open field conditions.

Quality Assessment of Zingiber officinale Roscoe Essential Oil from Nepal

Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome plays a vital role in food flavoring as well as utilization in folk medicine. Nepal is categorized among the leading countries of Z. officinale rhizome production and export. Mature Z. officinale rhizome collection is based on the major production sites within Nepal, but we are currently unaware of the chemical composition of essential oil for export. A comparative investigation of Z. officinale rhizome essential oil compositions, collected from 12 different sites of the eastern, mid, and western regions of Nepal, has been carried out. The analysis of essential oils chemical composition by gas chromatographic–mass spectral (GC-MS), enantiomeric composition by chiral gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (CGC-MS), and antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Essential oil yields ranged from 0.28% to 0.34%. The results showed that the essential oils obtained in this study contained α-zingiberene (8.6%-24.1%), camphene (7.2%-12.8%), β-phellandrene (3.8%-10.1%), neral (0.6%-11.8%), geranial (1.0%-17.4%), ar-curcumene (3.0%-10.3%), and β-sesquiphellandrene (3.7%-9.7%). With CGC-MS, the enantiomeric distributions of 21 chiral compounds were determined and showed no contrasting enantiomeric distributions. Two essential oil samples (G3 and G5) possessed good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 78.1μg/mL) and excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 39.1 μg/mL). Based on the content of α-zingiberene and citral (neral and geranial), samples collected from their respective areas might be used to identify an ideal Z. officinale rhizome production zone in Nepal.

Anti-proliferative activity of in vitro Zingiberaceae essential oil against Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line

In many developing countries cancer is one of the main reasons of worldwide death after cardiovascular diseases. India is one of the leading producers of aromatic essential oils in the world. The family Zingiberaceae is used as a spice ingredient from centuries and as traditional medicine in Asian regions. At present there are many medicinal plants belonging to this family which are used for its aromatic oils bearing numerous beneficial effects for health maintenance including anticancer activity. In the present study we have used four plant species like Curcuma longa, Curcuma aromatica, Kaempferia galanga and Hedychium coronarium which was assessed against Human cervical cancer (HeLa) cancer cell line by MTT assay. To validate the cytotoxicity activity, HeLa cell line was treated against different concentrations of rhizome essential oils ranging from 6.25-100 ul respectively. This study revealed that Hedychium coronarium essential oil was most significantly active in comparison to other oil samples tested against HeLa cell line. Hence the cytotoxic study of essential oils could be used by pharmaceuticals and other industry for therapeutics.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from <i>Amomum muricarpum</i> Elmer from North Vietnam

Abstract. Recent years have seen the development of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics, which necessitates a search for new antimicrobial agents. Amomum muricarpum Elmer is a widely used medicinal plant species in the genus Amomum (family Zingiberaceae) that is commonly found in Laos, the Philippines, China, and Vietnam. The present article describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum from North Vietnam. The hydrodistilled essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the broth microdilution method designed to evaluate its antimicrobial efficacy. The absolute yield of essential oils amounted to 0.11% and 0.13% (v/w) for leaves and rhizomes, respectively, on a dry weight basis. It was found that the leaves and rhizomes of A. muricarpum produce oils abounding in monoterpenes. Of the total identified volatile components in the leaf oil (97.18%), three main constituents include α-pinene (40.45%), linalool (12.34%), and β-pinene (10.31%). In the rhizome oil, the main constituents include α-pinene (48.10%), β-pinene (20.32%), and linalool (7.56%) of the total identified volatile components (98.08%). An antimicrobial activity test indicates that essential oils from the leaves and rhizome of A. muricarpum inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg/ml. In addition, the rhizome essential oil also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, with a MIC value of 200 µg/ml. The results indicate the potential of essential oils extracted from A. muricarpum as a source of antimicrobial agents.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the rhizome essential oil of Cyperus articulatus L. grown in Karnataka, India

Cyperus articulatus L. is widely distributed in various geographical regions of the world, and it has been used as a folk medicine for treating haemorrhoids, diarrhoea, and other diseases. The present study aimed to analyze the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of essential oil (EO) extracted from C. articulatus grown in the Karnataka region to explore its potential pharmaceutical usage. The EO from the rhizomes of C. articulatus was extracted by hydro-distillation and was tested for its antimicrobial activities against selected bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Abony, and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger). The EO yield was 1.24 g/100 g of dried rhizome powder. The EO recorded a significant inhibition against S. aureus and A. flavus. The GC-MS analysis of EO showed the predominance of important metabolites such as mustakone (20.2%), longifolenaldehyde (14.9%), cedroxyde (8.7%), α-copaene (4.7%), cyperene (2%), cyperotundone (2.6%), khusinol (2.3%), and corymbolone (1.1%) along with several other monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The study revealed the EO of C. articulatus as a promising source of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites which may lead to its application in managing bacterial and fungal infections and storage mould.

Chemical constituents and cockroach repellent activity of Sudanese Cyperus rotundus rhizomes essential oil

Chemical constituents and cockroach repellent activity of Sudanese Cyperus rotundus rhizomes essential oil

Phytochemical fidelity and therapeutic activity of micropropagated Curcuma amada Roxb.: A valuable medicinal herb

Curcuma amada Roxb. is a valuable medicinal herb with food, economic, pharmaceutical, and industrial value. This plant is commonly propagated through rhizome which is season dependent and slow process. Moreover, rhizomes are easily infected by different soil-borne pathogen, which deteriorates the quality and quantity of production. Hence, this study was carried out to develop one step plant regeneration protocol using rhizomatic bud on meta-Topolin (mT) supplemented medium. About 600 plants were produced on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium added with 3.0 mg/L mT after twelve weeks of culture. Well rooted plants were successfully hardened (95%) and subsequently all the plants were established in the field. Quantitative phytochemical analysis and assessment of chemical composition of essential oil by Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) confirmed the biochemical fidelity of the field-established tissue culture plants. Robust therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities were found in the rhizome extract and essential oil of the field-established tissue culture plants. It was concluded that tissue cultured plants are at par with the mother plant in terms of phytochemicals composition and therapeutic activity. Thus, this protocol could be useful for the production of a large number of plants aiming for its conservation, propagation as well as sustainable utilization in food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical composition, anticancer activities and related mechanisms of the essential oil from Alpinia coriandriodora rhizome

Alpinia coriandriodora is widely cultivated as a medicinal and edible Zingiberaceae plant in Guangxi, China. Since essential oils from Zingiberaceae plants can be used as a potential source of anticancer drugs, this study was designed to identify the chemical composition of A. coriandriodora rhizome essential oil (EO) and firstly elucidate its anticancer activities and related mechanisms. The GC-FID/MS results indicated that the most predominant component of EO was (E)-2-decenal (56.3%). Based on the MTT results, EO exhibited comparable cytotoxicity to A549 cells and lower cytotoxicity to non-cancerous cells compared with the positive control (elemene injection). For related mechanism studies, EO inhibited the A549 cells proliferation, resulting from inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase via downregulation of cyclin E2-CDK2 and cyclin D3-CDK4/CDK6 complexes and upregulation of p21. Meanwhile, it induced the apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway with the successive enhancement in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Δψm decline, cyt c release, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and PARP cleavage. Moreover, it inhibited the migration and invasion ability of A549 cells via downregulation of MMP-2 and N-cadherin, as well as upregulation of E-cadherin. Hence, EO has outstanding anticancer properties in vitro, and this fact encourages further studies using in vivo models.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves and Rhizomes of Acorus macrospadiceus (Yamamoto) F. N.Wei et Y. K. Li

Acorus macrospadiceus is an aromatic herb that is widely distributed in southwest China. However, reports on the biological activities of its essential oil (EO) are limited. In the present study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cholinesterase inhibitory activities were determined for essential oils extracted from the leaves and rhizomes of this species. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbiocidal concentrations (MMCs). Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of the essential oils were also tested to evaluate the potential effect of the EOs on neurodegenerative disease. A total of 15 and 19 components were identified in the leaf and rhizome EOs, representing 99.24% and 98.35% of the total composition, respectively. Estragole was found to be the most abundant compound at 98.14% and 94.69% of the leaf and rhizome EOs, respectively. The essential oils displayed weak antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The essential oils showed higher inhibitory effects against Candida albicans than other strains, with a MIC of 3.13 mg/mL, indicating possible use in the treatment of Candida infections.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils from Rhizomes and Leaves of Alpinia conchigera Griff. (Zingiberaceae)

This study was conducted to assess the potential of essential oils isolated from rhizomes and leaves of Alpinia conchigera as a source of bioactive compounds through the characterization of its chemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-microbial activities. Essential oils (EOs) from the leaves and rhizomes of this species were isolated using the hydrodistillation method. The chemical compositions of EOs were analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. The major compound of the rhizome EO was eucalyptol (60.58 %), whereas the most abundant compound in the leaf EO was β-bisabolene (46.70 %). The rhizome EO contained the most abundant polyphenolic compounds that possessed higher antioxidant activities compared to leaf EO and the reference antioxidant agent butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, there exist a positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities using DPPH (R2= 0.7634, p < 0.05) and β-carotene antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.6865, p < 0.05). Disc diffusion assay of the essential oils indicated that the rhizome oil possessed moderate inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria and fungi, whereas leaf EO inhibited only Gram-positive bacteria. The results indicated the potential of these EOs to exert beneficial antibacterial and antifungal effects and could serve as a promising natural cheap source of antioxidants that could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaves and Rhizomes of Zingiber magang and Zingiber tamii from Vietnam

The compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber magang N.S. Lý & Škornièk sp. nov. and Zingiber tamii N.S. Lý & Škornièk. sp. nov. from Vietnam were reported. The essential oils from Z. magang were obtained in yields of 0.12 % (leaf) and 0.18 % (rhizome), while Z. tamii afforded essential oils with yields of 0.15 % and 0.20 %, respectively, for the leaf and rhizome. The leaf essential oil of Z. magang consists of β-pinene (12.3 %) and (E)-nerolidol (10.3 %), while α-selinene (10.5 %), caryophyllene oxide (9.7 %), and neo-intermedeol (7.5 %) were found in the rhizome essential oil. However, the compositions of essential oils from the leaf and rhizome of Z. tamii comprised mainly of β-pinene (53.8 % and 55.4 %), and sabinene (12.3 % and 12.5 %), respectively. The rhizome essential oil of Z. magang displayed promising antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 299212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 with the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 9.99 μg/mL and 9.67 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, essential oil from the leaf of Z. tamii was the most active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 44.38 μg/mL) and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC, 45.62 μg/mL). This is the first report on the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Z. magang and Z. tamii.

Investigation into the Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from the Rhizomes of Boesenbergia quangngaiensis N.S. Lý from Vietnam

Essential oils from the rhizomes of Boesenbergia quangngaiensis N.S. Lý were obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical components were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, the microdilution broth assay was used to test the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. The yield of the B. quangngaiensis rhizome essential oils was 0.16 % (w/w). The major components identified from the rhizome essential oil of B. quangngaiensis were cis-β-elemene (18.4 %), zerumbone (11.4 %) and myrtenyl acetate (10.6 %). The antimicrobial activity test indicated that B. quangngaiensis rhizome essential oil displayed good activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with a Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.68 μg/mL and IC50 value of 16.0 μg/mL. Also, the essential oil inhibited the growth of other tested bacteria and yeast, except Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica ATCC 13076, with MIC value of about 30 μg/mL. The chemical components and antimicrobial activity of the B. quangngaiensis rhizome essential oil were reported for the first time.

Microencapsulation of Jeringau Rhizome essential oils (Acorus calamus L.) using β-Cyclodextrin

Background: The way to improve the stability of jeringau rhizome essential oils is microencapsulation using β-cyclodextrin. Aim: To determine the efficiency of coating the jeringau rhizome essential oil with β-cyclodextrin and examine its thermostability. Method: The microencapsulation method used was freeze-drying with a ratio of 1:20 and 1:30. Results: The microcapsule efficiency at the ratio of 1:20 and 1:30 was 81.67% and 60.70%, respectively. The thermostability test results showed that the degradation constant of 1:20 microcapsule at 50oC and ambient temperature was 0.0054 and 0.0029, respectively, with a half-life of 128.33 hours and 238.97 hours. Meanwhile, the degradation constant of 1:30 microcapsule was 0.0182 and 0.0080, with a half-life of 38.07 hours and 86.63 hours. Conclusion: The highest efficiency is in the ratio of 1:20 with a percentage of 81.67%. In the thermostability test, the 1:20 microcapsule was better protected and had a longer half-life than the 1:30 microcapsule.

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome essential oils as source of environmental friendly biocides: Comparison of the chemical composition, antibacterial, insecticidal and larvicidal properties of essential oils extracted by different methods

The essential oil isolated from plants is widely utilized as eco-friendly biocides and antibacterial agents. Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger, is well-known for its applications in the food and aromatics industry for its significant mango-like aroma. The present study compared the different C. amada essential oils prepared by hydrodistillation (CHD), steam distillation (CSD), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for their chemical composition, antibacterial, larvicidal and insecticidal properties. GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of compounds including α-pinene, β-myrcene, p-cymene, (Z)-β-ocimene, Camphor, linalyl acetate, safrole, ar-curcumene, and β-curcumene in the different C. amada essential oils. The antibacterial activity was observed against different strains of microbes, with a higher efficacy in the essential oils prepared by UAE and MAE methods. Apart from these, the MAE, UAE, CSD, and CHD were also shown to have significantly higher larvicidal activity against Aedes, Culex, and Armigeres species; however, no toxic effect was observed in non-targeted species like fishes and Allium cepa model of genotoxicity. Further, these essential oils were also found to have significant contact and fumigant toxicity as well as repellency against pests of stored grains (Sitophilus and Tribolium). Considering these results, the present study assumes that Curcuma amada essential oils may be a source of ecofriendly insecticides and antibacterial agents.

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity of Alpinia kwangsiensis from Vietnam

This paper reports the chemical compounds and antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves, stem, and rhizomes of Alpinia kwangsiensis T. L. Wu and S. J. Chen (Zingiberaceae). The essential oils were separately isolated using hydrodistillation of the pulverized samples (2 kg each) materials in an all- glass Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS. The yields of the essential oils were 0.16, 0.11 %, and 0.21 % (w/w), respectively, calculated on a dry weight basis. The main constituents of the essential oils (percentages, respectively) were 1,8-cineole (16.9 %, 14.3 % and 5.8 %), terpinene-4-ol (16.0 %, 13.6 % and 14.3 %), (E)-methyl cinnamate (9.4 %, 15.4 % and 4.6 %) and β-pinene (7.6 %, 9.9.% and 3.1 %). The study found out that the rhizome essential oil was the most active against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 299212 with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.60 μg/mL, while the leaf oil displayed pronounce activity towards Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (MIC 3.20 μg/mL). All the essential oils inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, with MIC value of 6.40 μg/mL. Therefore, the essential oils obtained from A. kwangisensis may have potential applications as antimicrobial agents.

Chemical and Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia zerumbet Grown in Foothills Agroclimatic Conditions of Northern India

Background: The member of the genus Alpinia (family: Zingiberaceae) is used in traditional medicine for various formulations for the food, spices, medicines, and perfume. Objective: The present study was carried out to analyse the compositional variability in leaf and rhizome essential oils of Alpinia calcarata Roscoe and Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt &amp; R.M. Sm. and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic bacteria strains. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC-MS and the antibacterial activity was evaluated by filter paper disc diffusion and micro dilution broth assay. Results: A total of 31 compounds identified, forming 89.26-94.32% composition of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The leaf and rhizome oil of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet were mainly characterized by 1,8-cineole (15.61-43.63%), β-pinene (5.02-23.52%), terpinen-4-ol (1.00-20.87%), camphor (1.94-11.60%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (0.16-11.86%). endo-Fenchyl acetate (13.12-24.39%) was identified as marker constituents of rhizome essential oil of both A. calcarata and A. zerumbet. The antibacterial assay showed that leaf oil of A. calcarata has good activity against S. mutans, whereas its rhizome oil possess good activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis. However, the rhizome oil of A. zerumbet showed activity against S. mutans, B. subtilisS. aureus-2940 and S. epidermidis. Conclusion: The essential oils of A. calcarata and A. zerumbet with aroma chemicals viz. 1,8-cineole, ocimenes, terpinen-4-ol, α-pinene, β-pinenes and fenchyl acetate and significant antibacterial activities could be used for perfumery and fragrance related formulation.

Qualitation of Chuanxiong Rhizome essential oil and determination of 3-butylidenephthalide and ligustilide by GC-MS

Qualitation of Chuanxiong Rhizome essential oil and determination of 3-butylidenephthalide and ligustilide by GC-MS