Rhesus Blood Group Research Articles

Pattern of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups Distribution of Five Years Survey in Jimma Town Blood Bank, South West Ethiopia

Background: For the effective management of blood banks and safe blood transfusion services, understanding ABO blood group types and Rhesus (Rh) factor distribution at local and regional levels is very essential. Objective: To determine and compare the five years, 2010-2014, distribution of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Jimma Town blood bank, South West Ethiopia. Materials and methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution of the type ABO blood group and Rh factor among blood donors of Jimma town blood bank. For those individuals available to donate blood during study period, we used an interview based structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic and other clinically useful data. But non study period data, we used a check list to retrieve data from record. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentage were used to present data in text and tables. Results: At the ABO blood group system, type O was the commonest type accounting for 43.1% followed by type A and B accounting for 31.9% and 21.5% respectively. The AB blood group type was the least common accounting for 3.5% sample. From Rh blood group, 92.8% subjects were Rh positive whereas 7.2% were Rh negative. Conclusion: The study reports the pattern of blood groups among the people in and around Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia and would help the blood bank to prepare database and increase awareness which type of blood group should be stored more. So, the study has a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank and transfusion services for those who need blood transfusion.

ABO/Rhesus blood group systems and malaria prevalence among students of the University of Dschang, Cameroon.

A study was carried out on students of the University of Dschang, Cameroon, to examine the relationship between ABO blood group, rhesus factor and prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Blood group and rhesus factor were typed by agglutination using antisera while malaria infection was determined using Rapid Diagnostic Test CareStart malaria HRP2 pf. Out of 620 students 582 were screened for ABO blood group and Rhesus factor, and 276 were tested for P. falciparum infection. Faculty of Science (FS) members and male students were highly represented, with 356 (61.2% ) and 303 (52.1%) participants, respectively. Blood group O was most common (48.8%), followed by blood group A (25.8%), B (23.0%) and AB (2.4%). Total percentage of rhesus positive was 92.4%, and its distribution varied across ABO blood groups. Of the 276 students examined for malaria infection, 27 were found positive (9.8%). Except for blood group AB individuals, of which none were infected, malaria infection did not vary among blood groups. Rhesus factor and blood group did not impact on malaria infection in the hypo-endemic highland area of Dschang, Cameroon.

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hail region of Saudi Arabia: High incidences of diabetes mellitus in males with B+ blood type

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens in male type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Hail region of Saudi Arabia: High incidences of diabetes mellitus in males with B+ blood type

Distribution of ABO and Rh types in voluntary Blood donors in Jharkhand area as a study conducted by RIMS, Ranchi.

Background:This study was done to know the distribution and frequencies of blood groups among blood donors attending voluntary blood donation camps organized by the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand so that demand and supply ratio of the four blood groups can be maintained so that no patient dies due to lack of a particular blood group.Context:Up till now about 400 red cells antigen have been identified. The majority follow Mendelian inheritance. The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group system are most important for blood transfusion purposes, parental testing, legal medicine, and in population genetic study.Aims:This study was conducted to determine and compare the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among voluntary blood donors attending blood donation camps in Jharkhand organized by RIMS. The aim is to know the demand and supply ratio of a particular blood group in light of their distribution in the society so that no patient dies due to the deficient supply of blood.Settings and Design:It is a retrospective study carried out at blood bank. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted at Blood bank, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, over a period of 4 years from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015. Blood group of the blood donors was determined by commercially available standard monoclonal antisera by test tube agglutination technique accompanied by reverse grouping.Results:Out of 20,455 subjects, 18,717 (91.73%) were male and 1738 (8.27%) were female subjects. The ABO blood group present was B (35.15%) followed by O (34.73%), A (22.09%), and AB (8.03%) in blood donors while in Rh system, (96.46%) donors were Rh +ve and (3.54%) donors were Rh −ve. The study has a significant implication regarding the inventory management of blood bank and transfusion services for the indoor patients of RIMS and for emergency supply to other hospitals of Jharkhand in dire need of blood.Conclusions:The knowledge of distribution of blood group is very important for blood banks and transfusion services which play an important role in the patient's health care. This study will also throw light on the reasons of deficiency of a particular group in a particular area so that deficient group donors may be encouraged to donate more frequently.

Prevalence of weak D phenotype among D negative C/E+ blood donors in Morocco

Aims: Determination of D variants is important for selection of blood products and to prevent anti-D-related hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. The prevalence of weak D phenotypes varies significantly among different ethnic populations. In Morocco, D variants have not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence of weak D among D negative and C/E+ blood donors and distribution of Rhesus blood group antigens using serologic methods. Methods: A total of 15,865 blood samples from Moroccan blood donors were tested for D, C, c, E, e antigens by routine serologic methods. Among blood donors serologically D negative C+ and/or E+, 63 samples were tested for weak D by indirect antiglobuline test, enzymatic treated cells test and adsorption elution technique. Results: Among 63 samples tested, 10 were positive by serologic methods (15.87%). Six samples identified as weak D by enzymatic test and four samples identified as Del by adsorption elution. Rhesus blood group antigens are distributed as DCcee: 38.85% and dccee :8.77%. Conclusion: The prevalence of D variants must be considered in transfusional and obstetrical strategy for RhD typing to ensure blood transfusion safety by optimizing the management of D-negative RBC units and Rh immune globulins.

ABO Rh (D) blood group distribution among whole blood donors at two different setups of tertiary care hospitals in North India

Background: The antigens for ABO blood group system are of paramount significance in transfusion medicine as they are the most immunogenic of all the blood group antigens known, followed closely by D antigen of rhesus blood group system. The ABO blood group system has been used in resolving many medico-legal issues related to paternity, by investigators in forensic science or in population studies by anthropologists. ABO-Rh D blood grouping is the commonest test done in blood banking and forms the mainstay of pretransfusion testing and any ABO-incompatible blood transfusion can be associated with acute intravascular hemolysis, renal failure, and even death. Methods: A retrospective study for ABO RhD blood group distribution was carried out on whole blood donors who successfully donated at two different blood centres, hospital I at New Delhi for a period of one year from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012 and hospital II at Dehradun from January 1, 2013 to 31 December, 2015. Results: It was observed that the frequencies (%) of blood group A, B, O and AB for hospital I and II were A =22.6, 23.4; B=37.8, 35.6; O=29.5, 29.5 and AB=10.1, 11.4 respectively. And at both the centers, Rh D positivity was observed as 94.5% and Rh D negativity as 5.5%. Conclusions: It is advisable to determine the distribution of ABO and Rh D phenotypes among blood donors in each blood centre so as to stock adequate number of respective blood group units and provide timely and adequate blood supply to the needy recipient even in the wee hours.

Association of ABO blood group with CAD in patients undergoing CAG in Cardiology Department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital

There are many reports regarding association between ABO and Rhesus blood groups and coronary artery disease. This study has been designed to see the association of ABO blood group with coronary artery disease in patient who were admitted in Cardiology Department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and undergoing coronary angiography. A total of 680 patients were studied in this retrospective study. ABO blood group, gender and standard cardiovascular risk factors were determined. In our study 17.5% of the study population were female with mean age of 49.94±10.37 years and 82.5% were male with a mean age 49.68±10.45 years . Most of the patients belonged to blood group B (33.4%) .Our results demonstrated the prevalence of CAD in blood group B is much higher than other blood groups which is in contrast with other studies in few other countries including one study done on small groups of people in Bangladesh. Geographical distribution may explain the variation in results among countries.University Heart Journal Vol. 10, No. 2, July 2014; 81-84

Thrombomodulin Fusion Proteins Coupled to Human Erythrocytes Demonstrate Anti-Thrombotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Introduction: We previously demonstrated prolonged circulation and improved efficacy of erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) coupled thrombomodulin (TM) fusion proteins as thromboprophylactic and anti-inflammatory agents. To further this therapeutic platform, we produced humanized analogues and investigated their efficacy in models where RBC-coupling may provide not only a pharmacokinetic advantage, but also a pharmacodynamic advantage by local delivery to RBC membranes. Previous fusions were constructed with mouse TM fused to single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of a rat-derived anti-glycophorin A antibody. Therefore, to produce clinically translatable therapeutic fusion proteins, modification of both cargo and targeting moiety are necessary for use in humans to render them non-immunogenic and capable of binding to human RBCs. We aimed to use human-like antibodies against high-prevalence antigens, fuse these antibodies to the extracellular domain of TM, confirm their binding and enzymatic activity, and demonstrate their efficacy in whole-blood models of human vascular pathology.Methods: An IgG Fab phage display library was prepared from a Rhesus macaque immunized with human RBCs. By panning on intact RBCs, Fab/phage specific for human RBCs were identified. We selected two clones from this library, one against a high-prevalence Band 3 antigen (Wright B (Wrb), Diego blood group, >106 copies/RBC) and one against a high-prevalence RhCE antigen (Rh17, Rhesus blood group, ~105 copies/RBC). The variable chain sequences of these antibodies were cloned into a scFv construct and fused to the extracellular domain of human TM. Fusion proteins were produced in S2 cells using a metallothionein promoter expression system. The soluble extracellular domain of human TM was similarly cloned and produced as a control. Binding of the fusions to RBCs was measured by indirect agglutination and by ELISA with immobilize erythrocyte ghosts. Activity of the TM fusions was measured by colorimetric cleavage of an APC substrate. Adverse effects of fusions on RBCs were investigated in a model of osmotic stress in hypotonic saline as well as mechanical integrity against agitation with glass beads. Assays of endothelial protection were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) activated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-α, heme, and HMGB1. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for IL-6, IL-8, and vWF. An endothelialized, whole-blood microfluidic platform was developed using the Bio-Flux (Fluxion) microfluidic system. Models of vascular pathology included TNF-α activation of the endothelialized channels as well as localized, light-induced injury with hematoporphyrin.Results: We successfully produced fusion proteins of human TM and human-like scFv antibody derivatives capable of specifically binding to human RBCs (Figure 1, a). The fusions demonstrated affinities suitable for translation, and enabled comparison of different levels of surface loading. The scFv/TM fusions did not induce direct RBC agglutination, and did not have adverse effects on RBC integrity under osmotic and mechanical stress. The fusions maintained similar enzymatic activity to their soluble TM counterparts (Figure 1, b) and remained active when bound to RBCs (Figure 1, c). The TM fusions also demonstrated efficacy in protection of HUVECs against activation by inflammatory mediators such as LPS and thrombin (Figure 1, d-f), both as soluble proteins and when bound to RBCs. In a whole-blood endothelialized microfluidic system, the fusions reduced fibrin deposition and channel occlusion in activated and injured endothelium.Figure 1 - (a) hTM-Wrb binds specifically to human RBC with detectable binding at <10nM. hTM-Wrb maintains its acivity both as (b) soluble enzyme and (c) when bound to RBCs. (d) hTM-Wrb decreases LPS-induced IL-8 production by HUVEC and (e) decreases thrombin mediated injury of HUVEC monolayers and (f) s ubsequent inflammatory activation.Conclusion: Thrombomodulin was successfully coupled to human RBCs by fusion to human-like antibodies against high-prevalence epitopes. The RBC-coupled TM maintained its anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activity without adversely affecting RBC integrity, and had therapeutic activity in a microfluidic model of vascular pathology. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Prevalence and Specificity of Red Blood Cell Alloantibodies in Patients from China During 1994-2013.

To analyze the data about red blood cell alloantibodies in patients from mainland China and to provide evidence for formulating a management guideline. The Chinese and English literatures about Chinese patients in mainland China published in periodicals were retrieved by CHKD, CNKI, CMJD and PubMed using the key words as unexpected antibody, irregular antibody, blood group antibody, hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR), hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). A total of 5582 red blood cell alloantibodies were retrieved from 4800 patients. The average prevalence of alloantibody in 89 retrospective analysis reports was 0.34 %. Among all study patients, the 10 most common antibodies were anti-E (33.9%), anti-D (18.3%), anti-c (10.9%), anti-M (9.9%), anti-C (8.1%), anti-e (4.8%), anti-Le(a) (3.4%), anti-P1 (2.0%), anti-Mur (1.6%), and anti-Jk(a) (1.2%). Out of all 136 patients with HTR, the most frequentl alloantibodies were Rhesus antibodies (71.7%), and other antibodies included anti-Jk(b) (5.9%), anti-Le(a) (5.1%), anti-Jk(a) (3.7%), anti-M (1.5%), and anti-Mur (1.5%). A total of 644 alloantibodies contributing to HDFN come primarily from the Rhesus (93.1%) and MNS (6.0%) blood group systems. The postnatal Rh prophylaxis should become a routine procedure in mainland China. The use of blood matched for C, E, c, e, Jk(a) and Jk(b) should be recommended for Chinese patients with a history of multiple transfusions. Patients with MNS alloantibodies should be given sufficient attention, and Mur+ red blood cells should be included in antibody screening panels.

ABO/Rh Blood Groups and Risk of HIV Infection and Hepatitis B Among Blood Donors of Abidjan, Côte D'ivoire.

Hepatitis B and HIV infection are two viral infections that represent real global public health problems. In order to improve their management, some hypotheses suggest that genetic predispositions like ABO and Rh blood groups would influence the occurrence of these diseases.The aim of the present study was to examine the association between ABO and Rhesus blood groups and the susceptibility to HIV infection and hepatitis B.We conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in a population of voluntary blood donors in the Blood Transfusion Center of Abidjan. All blood donors who donated blood between January and June 2014 were tested for HBs antigen and anti-HIV antibodies (ELISA tests) and were ABO typed.The total number of examined blood donors during this period was 45,538, of which 0.32% and 8.07% were respectively infected with HIV and hepatitis B virus. O-group donors were more infected than non-O donors.Our study is an outline concerning the search for a link between ABO and Rh blood groups and hepatitis B and HIV infection. Further studies should be conducted to confirm the interaction between these two infections and contribute to the search for new therapeutic approaches.

Pattern of ABO and Rhesus blood group distribution among students of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria

Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to have information on the distribution of ABO and Rhesus blood group among the students so as to determine the need for routine screening for hemolysin among blood group O, if found to be high, as well as to institute blood donor registry for Rhesus negative blood, if found to be low.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective study and record of ABO and Rhesus blood group results of students screened between May 2010 and April 2011 was obtained from the University medical centre. Data was analyzed using Epi info software, version 3.5.4. Descriptive statistics were used to compute percentages and averages. Results were presented in tables and charts and expressed as percentages/proportions, mean and standard deviation.Results: Three thousand, two hundred and eighty three results were obtained, made up of 1749 males and 1534 females with the ratio of 1.1:1. The age of the students ranged between 16 and 47 years with mean age of 22 ± 5years. Among the population studied, blood group O has the highest percentage (57.7%), followed by group A (22.1%), then B (18.1%), while AB has the least percentage (2.1%). Most of the students were found to be Rhesus positive (95.8%), while Rhesus negative was 4.2%.Conclusion: Blood group O was found to be highest among the study population, followed by A, B and AB in that order. Most of the students were found to be Rhesus positive while only a minority were Rhesus negative. Routine screening for hemolysin among blood group O and institution of blood donor registry is recommended.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(1) 2015 101-104

Safety of Family Replacement Donors vs. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Donors in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana: A Comparative Study

Blood safety remains a challenge to many countries in sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana due to poorly planned blood donation exercises in the various communities. Blood and its products usual-ly come from two main sources; voluntary non-remunerated donors (VNRD) and family replace-ment donors (FRD). In Ghana, and in many developing countries, FRDs seem to be the major source of blood supply whilst in developed countries VNRDs are the major source. This study de-termined and compared the prevalence of four transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs); HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema palladium (TP) among FRDs and VNRDs at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital to compare the safety of blood from these two groups. This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the transfusion medicine unit (TMU) of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital between March and May 2014. A total of 400 blood donors (200 FRDs and 200 VNRDs) were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. Blood samples from each of the donors were then tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C, and syphilis using rapid test kits. ABO and Rhesus blood groups were also determined for all the samples. Prev-alence of TTIs was higher among FRDs (23.5%) than in VNRDs (3.5%) with males (47) been more infected than females (7). Age group 21- 30 years was the most infected, followed by age groups 31- 40 years, 11- 20 years, 41- 50 years and 51- 60 years respectively. FRDs among the younger age group, 17- 30 years, were also more infected than their VNRD counterparts. Repeat blood donors among the VNRD group, were found to be safer than their first-time counterparts. Overall, TTIs were significantly higher in the FRD group than in the VNRD group. The prevalence rates of all the infections tested were higher in the FRD group compared to the VNRD group. FRDs were the higher risk population for TTIs in comparison to VNRDs. VNRDs should therefore be encouraged to donate blood regularly.Keywords: Transfusion Transmissible Infections, HBsAg, HCV, HIV, Treponema pallidum

Distribution of blood groups among the donors of the Republic of Tatarstan

Aim. To study the peculiarities of AB0, Rh and Kell blood group distribution in donors of the Republic of Tatarstan in detail.Methods. Blood samples of 180 279 donors of blood components (erythrocytes, platelets, serum) donated form 2008 to 2014 both in hospital and mobile settings were analyzed. The material for the study was the blood donors of blood components (red blood cells, plasma and platelets) for the period 2008-2014, the city, donated blood, both in stationary and in exit conditions. Typing erythrocyte antigens for AB0, Rh and Kell systems was performed using «Scangel» gel technology by «Hemos SP II» and IH-1000 immunohematologic analyzers using the diagnostic card produced by «Bio-Rad laboratories», as well as by microtray method on «Galileo Neo» automated scanner, and on plate by anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, anti-A1, anti-C, anti-Cw, anti-c, anti-D, anti-E anti-e and anti-Kell monoclonal reagents produced by «LLC Gematolog» (Moscow), LLC «Mediklon» (St. Petersburg), «ImuMed» (Germany). AB0 blood group was also determined by the cross method using own-produced AB0 standard isohemagglutinating sera and AB0 standard red blood cells. Rhesus blood group was also determined by own-produced universal a-D, a-DC reagent, used to identify Du gel cards produced by «Bio-Rad laboratories», «Grifols» were used for Du detection. Statistical analysis was performed and the data were obtained using the automated information system for Transfusions management, installed in the Republican Blood Centre in 2008.Results. Analysis of AB0 system blood groups distribution in the Republic of Tatarstan showed that blood group 0 (I) was the most common - 33.7%, 31.1% donors had A (II) blood group, 23.7% donors - B (III) group, 11.5% - AB0 (IV) group. Anti-A1 irregular agglutinin was found in 5 (0.57%) out of 878 donors with A2 (II) group, and in 53 (12.4%) of 428 A2B (IV) donors. The shares of Rh (D)-positive and Rh (D)-negative donors (87.4 and 12.6%, respectively), was revealed. Rh-positive donors included donors having antigen phenotypes C, E, and Du.Conclusion. Formation and completion of a serologically tested donor’s database in the Republic of Tatarstan is required to compile the gene geographic map of the region.

Distribution of ABO blood group and Rh(D) Factor among Blood Donors in Haryana

Introduction: India is a vast country with wide diversity in race, religion & creed. The same diversity has been observed in geographical distribution of blood groups in population within country. There are differences in the distributions of ABO, & Rh(D) blood groups amongst different populations. The study of blood grouping is important as it plays an important role in various genetic studies, in clinical studies for reliable geographical information and in blood transfusion practice as it will help a lot in reducing the morbidity and mortality rate. Methods: This study presents data about the prevalence of ABO & Rhesus (Rh) blood groups amongst blood donors during a period of one year (retrospective study from January 2014 to December 2014) conducted at Blood Bank of Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Govt. Medical College, Nalhar, Distt. Mewat, Haryana, India Results: During the study period, blood groups of 2724 donors were screened by antigen antibody agglutination method using commercially available antiseras which were validated at our Blood Bank. The study revealed that the commonest ABO blood group was B (38.83%) followed by O (28.70 %), A (22.90 %) and AB (9.54 %) respectively. Rh D Positive blood donors were 90.72 % and Rh D negative were 9.28 %.

The impact of the AB0 and the Rhesus blood group system on outcomes in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy.

To investigate the impact of the AB0 and the Rhesus blood group system on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). We included 511 UCB patients treated with RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1996 to 2011 at our institution. Cox and logistic regression models assessed the association of the AB0 blood group antigen and Rhesus factor expression with tumor biologic features and outcomes, respectively. In total, 216 patients (42.3 %) had the blood group antigen A0, 73 patients (14.3 %) the antigen B0, 33 patients (6.4 %) the antigen AB and 189 patients (37.0 %) the antigen 00. In addition, 414 patients (81.0 %) were Rhesus factor positive. The AB0 blood group antigen expression was associated with a higher tumor grade (p = 0.003). In contrast, the Rhesus factor was not associated with any clinicopathologic characteristics. Neither the AB0 blood group antigens nor the Rhesus factor was associated with survival. In a sensitivity analysis of patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, however, the blood group antigen AB expression was associated with reduced cancer-specific and overall survival. The AB0 blood group antigens and the Rhesus factor are not associated with survival. Although the AB0 blood groups and the Rhesus factor are analyzed in every patient treated with RC, they do not represent appropriate biomarkers for UCB outcome prognostication. The association of the AB0 blood group antigens with response to adjuvant chemotherapy requires further validation.

Molecular blood group typing in Banjar, Jawa, Mandailing and Kelantan Malays in Peninsular Malaysia

In this study we genotyped ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Kidd and Duffy blood group loci in DNA samples from 120 unrelated individuals representing four Malay subethnic groups living in Peninsular Malaysia (Banjar: n = 30, Jawa: n = 30, Mandailing: n = 30 and Kelantan: n = 30). Analyses were performed using commercial polymerase chain reaction–sequence specific primer (PCR–SSP) typing kits (BAG Health Care GmbH, Lich, Germany). Overall, the present study has successfully compiled blood group datasets for the four Malay subethnic groups and used the datasets for studying ancestry and health.

Comparative frequency and allelic distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups of major tribal communities of southern Bangladesh with general population and their determinants

BackgroundAllelic distribution of major blood groups (ABO and rhesus) has not been defined in Bangladeshi population. Determinants of blood group frequency in this region have not been studied properly. AimTo determine ABO and rhesus blood group frequency and allelic distribution in a multiethnic area of Bangladesh and to explore possible genetic, racial and environmental factors influence as determinants of major blood groups. Subjects and methodsData collected retrospectively from blood group register of Rangamati General Hospital (2006–2011). Four tribal (Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya and Tripura) and general Bengali population were included in the study. ResultsCollectively all tribal had distinct ABO phenotypic frequency (B>A>O>AB) which is different from Bengali population (O>B>A>AB). Tripura’s showed a unique pattern of A>B>AB>O. Overall tribal had higher frequency of B and AB group (P<0.0001). Though differing in proportion; allelic frequency was O>B>A in all study groups except Tripura (A>O>B). Rhesus negative group was very uncommon in study groups. Data among tribal suggest their common origin as well as drift from original population due to possible founder effect among Tripura’s. Despite being malaria endemic zone the protective group O was less (P<0.0001) among native tribal (23%) and high among migrating Bengali (34%).

Variation of Rhesus Haplotype Frequencies in North Africans and in Worldwide Population Analyses

The Rhesus (Rh) blood group system is one of the most highly polymorphic genetic systems used in the investigation of human genetic relationships. In this paper the researchers aimed to expand the determination of the Rh haplotype frequencies in new samples from North African populations providing comparative analyses within and between these populations. A total of 771 blood samples were collected from three North African countries. Results reveal a general genetic homogeneity between North African populations when samples representative of wide areas were considered, regardless of their current linguistic status. However a significant micro-differentiation could be noted when small areas were considered. North African populations would possess a low ancient genetic sub-Saharan component. Analyses of the Rh haplotype frequency variation showed that worldwide populations represent a network of genetic relationships having adequate statistics and a general correspondence with geography coupled to historical patterns of gene flow and genetic drift influence.

La pratique transfusionnelle dans le service d’hépato-gastroenterologie du centre hospitalier universitaire campus de Lomé (Togo)

ObjectiveTo evaluate transfusion practice in the hepatogastroenterology department of the Campus Teaching Hospital of Lomé. MethodologyThis is a respective, descriptive and analytical study conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2013 on cases of in-patients’ observation in the department. The cases of in-patients of more than 15 years old, having benefited from a blood transfusion were included. FindingsDuring the study period, 849 patients were admitted; 136 were transfused, or blood transfusion rate of 16.02%. The average age of patients was of 48.25 years with extremes of 15 and 90 years. The most transfused rhesus blood group was O positive (36.76%). Red blood cell was the most frequently used blood product (94.12%). The transfusion was performed in 58.82% of cases as a matter of emergency. Gastrointestinal bleeding were the main indications (55.88%). The average pre-transfusion hemoglobinemia was 6.51g/dL±1.67. The average post-transfusion hemoglobinemia was 8.95g/dL±1.75. Liver disease (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) were the main diagnosis associated with blood transfusion (44.85%). The quantity of blood to be transfused was not calculated in 100% of cases. In 11.03% of cases, the compatibility test has not been done in the laboratory. Incidents during blood transfusion were noted in 5 cases. ConclusionBlood transfusion is frequent in the department. There is a good observance of blood transfusion safety regulations. However, its practice remains to be improved.

Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Groups among Voluntary Blood Donors in Enugu

Background: ABO and rhesus blood group study is very relevant to the blood transfusion services policy maker and clinicians. ABO and rhesus blood group are the most prevalent blood groups among so many other blood groups discovered. Aims: The aim of this study was to find out the current distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among the blood donors in city of Enugu. Study Design : Two hundred and ninety randomly selected male and female blood donors were grouped according to their ABO and Rh blood group.