Rheological Damper Research Articles

Vibration and noise analysis of a vehicle equipped with magneto rheological damper

Magneto rheological fluid, often known as MR fluid or MRF, is a type of smart fluid whose properties can be altered upon the application of magnetic field. Using an applied magnetic field, these fluids can transmit force in a controlled way. Due to its beneficial characteristics, such as low power consumption, force controllability, and quick reaction, it leads to its various possible control-based applications in the automobile sector, such as suspensions, brakes, fluid clutches, etc. In this study, applicability of MR dampers to suppress vibration and noise of an electric vehicle is evaluated using the phenomenological models such as Bingham and Bouc-Wen. These models are integrated into the suspension system of a quarter-car model and its performance is studied using numerical methods. These models involve non-smooth, nonlinear differential equations that can be solved using numerical methods. Model based suspension control systems may be developed for better ride comfort using this approach. The potential of this approach for design of electric vehicles is explored.

Nonlinear controller supported by artificial intelligence of the rheological damper system reducing vibrations of a marine engine

In this paper, a semi-active nonlinear artificial intelligence compound controller for marine engines was developed to improve vibration reduction characteristics across a wide frequency range. A mathematical model was developed and investigated for two-stage vibration isolation systems (Virgin IslandsS) considering vertical, roll, and pitch motion. The passive mathematical model of the magnetorheological damper was also developed and integrated with the two-stage VIS. The passive numerical analysis was validated through the experimental investigation. Force transmitted from the engine to the base was evaluated on the validated model using four different strategies, that is, conventional passive, semi-active low, semi-active high, and semi-active controlled damper. In a semi-active–controlled damper, a mathematical model is developed for controlling the force by developing a nonlinear artificial intelligent compound controller (NAICC) using the algorithm of chaotic fruit fly and fuzzy logic control. The results show that the application of NAICC has a better isolating effect than the passive VIS over a broad spectrum of frequencies. By strengthening the control effect in the low-frequency resonance zone, marine engine vibration reduction performance was significantly enhanced.

GA-LQR for vehicle semi-active suspension with BiLSTM inverse model of magnetic rheological damper

This paper proposes a magnetic rheological (MR) semi-active control method based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm, and genetic algorithm (GA). The LQR algorithm with GA optimizing the weight coefficients generates the expected damping force. Due to the nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of the magnetic rheological damper (MRD) and the fact that its input and output have certain time dependence, an inverse model of MRD is established by BiLSTM. The control current is predicted by BiLSTM and then the current is input to the MRD to obtain the damping force that is infinitely close to the expected damping force. The damping force is then applied to the suspension system to form a complete closed-loop feedback control, which realizes the damping effect and generates a real-time control. The simulation results show that the MRD inverse model can accurately predict the required control current, and the GA-optimized LQR control algorithm has a good suppression effect on the vertical vehicle acceleration, dynamic tire load, and suspension dynamic stroke.

Integral Sliding Mode Control for Seismic Effect Regulation on Buildings Using ATMD and MRD

Seismic effects control in recent years has attracted considerable attention to reduce their effects for the safety of humans and structures. Therefore, in this work Integral Sliding Mode Control Based on Barrier Function (ISMCbf) is applied for the first time to regulate the displacement of a three-story scaled structure against earthquake excitation. This new type of controller does not need any information of the upper bound of the disturbance. Firstly, the controller is applied to a semi active Magneto Rheological Damper (MRD) and compared to the performance of Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) under the effect of two different simulated earthquakes: time scaled El Centro 1940 earthquake and Mexico City earthquake. ISMCbf with MRD reduced the displacement of the structure with lower required controlled force as compared to ATMD with ISMCbf behavior. Secondly, the efficiency of ISMCbf with MRD is shown when compared to other controllers with MRD from previous studies.

Design of Integral Sliding Mode Control for Seismic Effect Regulation on Buildings with Unmatched Disturbance

In this work the robustness properties of Integral Sliding Mode Controller (ISMC) are studied for the problem structural vibration. Selecting the sliding manifold which takes into account the attenuation of the unmatched perturbation is studied as well. This study has two scenarios the first is comparing two types of sliding mode controllers which designed to control 3-story scaled structure supported by Magneto Rheological Damper (MRD). ISMC is compared to classical Sliding Mode Control (SMC) performance, the two controllers checked under effect of Mexico city earthquake. The second scenario compares the proposed controller with other controllers from literature under effect of time scaled El Centro 1940 earthquake. The results show that ISMC performance is better than SMC in scenario one and better than other controllers in scenario two. All the simulation results are obtained by MATLAB.

Design, characterization and control of MR damper for two-wheeler applications

The research on Automotive systems is always an ongoing process with varied advancements in different sectors. One such sector is suspension system and the recent trends in vehicular suspension has taken a turn towards semiactive suspension considering its salient features like cost effectiveness and low power consumption with variable damping force. This research work presents the design of radial flux Magneto Rheological damper (MRD) with magnetic field analyzed using the FEMM tool. The designed MR damper has fabricated and characterized for modelling the damper in order to simulate the quarter car model of two wheeler rear suspension. The entire simulation was carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Time delay compensation control using a Taylor series compound robust scheme for a semi‐active suspension with magneto rheological damper

AbstractTime delay significantly degrades the control performances of semi‐active magneto rheological damper. However, the robust control approaches combined with the Taylor series are difficult to perform time delay compensation because it has strict application conditions. In this study, two Taylor series compound robust control schemes are presented to address the robust control and time delay compensation problems for the semi‐active magneto rheological damper with time delay. The formulation of a quarter vehicle model with a magneto rheological damper is described by a hyperbolic tangent model. Given the mechanical characteristics, an experimental test was conducted to fit the hyperbolic tangent model parameters. As a prototype, the Taylor series‐H2/H∞ control approach is proposed through establishing a first‐order Taylor series‐delay equation in augmented state equation and using the H2/H∞ norms to constrain the predictive control force. Moreover, the Taylor series‐H2/H2 controller is proposed to reduce the conservatism and suppress the predictive control force amplification. Simulation results corroborate the efficacy of both control strategies. Specifically, compared with the Taylor series‐H2/H∞ control, the Taylor series‐H2/H2 control can obtain a better control effect for time delay compensation.

A new hysteresis model for magneto–rheological dampers based on Magic Formula:

This paper investigates a novel model based on the Magic Formula and the Pan’s model to effectively predict the inherent nonlinear hysteresis behavior of magneto–rheological (MR) dampers. In the pr...

Magnetorheological damper voltage control using artificial neural network for optimum vehicle ride comfort

Suspension system design is an important challenging duty that facing car manufacturers, so the challenge has become to design the best system in terms of providing ride comfort and handling ability under all driving situations. The goal of this paper is to provide assistance in enhancing the effectiveness of the suspension system. A full car model with eight degrees of freedom (DOF) was developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Validation of the Simulink model was obtained. The model was assumed to travel over a speed hump that has a half sine wave shape and amplitude that changing from 0.01 to 0.2 m. The vehicle was moving with variable speeds from 20 to 120 km/h. Magneto Rheological (MR) damper was implanted to the model to study its effect on ride comfort. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to find the optimum voltage value applied to the MR damper, to skip the hump at least displacement. This network uses road profile and the vehicle speed as inputs. A comparison of the results for passive suspension system and model with MR damper, are illustrated. Results show that the MR damper give significant improvements of the vehicle ride performance over the passive suspension system.

Design and simulation of a new self–adaptive MR damper for washing machines featuring shear–mode and radial permanent magnets

This research investigates a new magneto–rheological (MR) damper for washing machines which can effectively replace conventional passive dampers in the field of vibration control. Against traditional MR dampers and self–powered ones, the new damper is extremely cost–effective for commercialization coming from its compact structure and self–adaptive ability to external mechanical vibration for reasonable damping without any equipment or control. By adding a layer of MR fluid (MRF) between the damper shaft and housing, the damping coefficient can be adjusted according to applied magnetic field intensity. Radial ring permanent magnets are installed on the housing and the middle shaft part is made of non–magnetic material for the inactive state of the damper. Under great vibration of washing machines, the magnetic shaft parts move into the region of MRF and magnets, which generates closed magnetic circuits. Subjected to applied magnetic fields, the MRF undergoes a transition from free flowing to semi solid, thereby experiences increases in its rheological characteristics such as yield stress and viscosity. The relative movement between the shearing shaft and the MRF in the gap is then resisted and additional damping force is produced. The higher the oscillatory amplitude is the more magnetic shaft parts contact the MRF, which results in stronger induced magnetic fields and a larger damping force to suppress the oscillation. This displacement–based damping characteristic is especially proper for vibration suppression of washing machines. In order to enhance oscillation isolation efficiency and at the same time meet criteria of assembly space, size and cost, optimization is performed for essential geometrical dimensions of the proposed damper. Then, the advantages in performance characteristics of the proposed damper are figured out from the optimization results with discussions.

The Effects of Mathematical Modelling of Magneto-rheological Dampers on Its Control Performance: A Comparative Study Between the Modified Bouc-Wen and the Maxwell Nonlinear Slider Hysteretic Models

Input voltage of Magneto Rheological (MR) dampers is the only controllable parameter as a semi-active control device. Therefore, voltage selection has an important role in control procedure via MR dampers. In many of semi-active control algorithms, a mathematical modelling method is required for determining the MR damper voltage at each time instant. As a result, applying different mathematical modelling methods can lead to different voltages for the MR damper, which subsequently results in different control performance. In the present research, the effects of mathematical modelling method of an MR damper hysteretic behaviour on its control performance were investigated. The most exact and common Maxwell nonlinear slider and modified Bouc-Wen hysteretic models were employed through a nonlinear comparative numerical study. A building structure was utilized for numerical investigations. A ten-story office building steel structure is excited by seven acceleration time histories. Nonlinear instantaneous optimal control and linear quadratic regulator controllers were utilized as two active-based semi-active algorithms. Results of nonlinear investigations showed an obvious difference between the Maxwell nonlinear slider and the modified Bouc-Wen models from the control performance viewpoint. Outputs show a very slight better performance for the MNS model in reducing the nonlinear responses.

Application of Magneto Rheological Damper System In Warren Truss Bridge Structure

This paper considers the application of magnetorheological (MR) damper, RD-8040-1, for attenuation vibration in flexible truss bridge deck structures. The modeling and identification of the damper property by using SAP2000 analysis software from an experimental data set generated by dynamic tests of the MR damper mounted in a testing machine where velocity and current are used as input, and the force as output. Theoretical investigations and in-site experiments are carried out in Chamran’s laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran. Truss bridges are an innovative structure that shall be studied in their systems and connections to earn stability and damping in related to certain lateral loads such as seismic load's post-earthquake load. The issue of damping is the cooperation between elements in the truss bridge of deck systems. Significantly, MR damper among components based on their reaction can be defined in the form of a percentage of control of loads in the structure of deck in a bridge system. This article proposes the application of damper at interconnecting of bridge deck through minimizing vibration force by using the Bouc-wen model. In summary, this paper is understood the effect of damping application on overall formation nonlinear analysis Models at this major element.

A new hysteresis model for magneto–rheological dampers based on Magic Formula

This paper investigates a novel model based on the Magic Formula and the Pan’s model to effectively predict the inherent nonlinear hysteresis behavior of magneto–rheological (MR) dampers. In the proposed model, the hysteresis element is employed from the Magic Formula and Pan’s model, and two new independent horizontal shift parameters, which are separated from one original parameter of the Pan’s model, are added. Each of them characterizes an offset with respect to the origin for each branch of hysteresis curves, providing more flexibility and effectiveness for simulating curves with high asymmetry. In addition, a parameter to further control the sharpness of hysteresis curves in the backward region of damping force–velocity is proposed, which is useful to simulate the behavior of MR dampers in rather extreme operating cases. A case study is performed on a prototype MR damper for washing machines, in which the model incorporates applied current and excitation frequency as variables to make it more adaptable to a wide range of working conditions. For comparison, performance of three hysteresis models, including the Spencer’s model, the Pan’s model and the proposed model, are analyzed and evaluated. The research results show that, as compared with the others, the proposed model can not only predict the nonlinear hysteresis behavior of MR dampers more precisely, but is also more compatible with different operating excitations, and the clearer meanings of the model parameters make them easier to study and identify.

Stability analysis in machining process by using adaptive closed-loop feedback control system in turning process

The study presents model-based mechanism of nonlinear cutting tool vibration in turning process and the strategy of improving cutting process stability by suppressing machine tool vibration. The approach used is based on the closed-loop feedback control system with the help of electro–magneto–rheological damper. A machine tool vibration signal generated by an accelerometer is fed back to the coil of a damper after suitable amplification. The damper, attached under the tool holder, generates counter forces to suppress the vibration after being excited by the signal in terms of current. The study also discusses the use of transfer function approach for the development of a mathematical model and adaptively controlling the process dynamics of the turning process. The purpose of developing such mechanism is to stabilize the machining process with respect to the dynamic uncut chip thickness responsible for the type-II regenerative effect. The state-space model used in this study successfully checked the adequacy of the model through controllability and observability matrices. The eigenvalue and eigenvector have confirmed the stability of the system more accurately. The characteristic of the stability lobe chart is discussed for the present model-based mechanism.

Experimental Testing Of Magneto Rheological Based Automotive Semi Active Suspension System for Two Wheeler

A system of mechanical linkages, springs, damper that's wont to connect the wheels to the chassis is understood as suspension. it's sometimes done two works-controlling the vehicle’s handling and braking for safety and keeping the passengers snug from bumps, vibrations etc. magneto rheological (MR) damper is plays important role to cut back the vibration. Mr fluid has been attracting nice great attention as a result of it will modification its characteristics terribly quickly Associate in Nursingd controlled simply within the presence of an applied flux. These fluids have the power to transmit force during a controlled manner with the assistance of flux, so up their performance particularly in areas controlled fluid motion is needed. If there's a fault within the system, the Mr damper will still operate as a passive damping system among bound performance parameters betting on the off-state characteristics of the Mr fluid within. This work includes, style and development of adaptive magneto rheological (MR) based mostly semi-active suspension for specific automobile application. Its analysis is to be allotted through an experiment and comparison of results with passive suspension.

On Orbit Capture and Control of Space Manipulator Based on Magneto Rheological

With the rapid development of space technology, the performance and technology of spacecraft is in the continuous improvement. The key technology for the non-cooperative target satellite on-orbit capture and control becomes very important. For the question of on orbit capturing a non-cooperative target, a method based on Magneto Rheological (MR) damper is proposed. There are many successful applications of MR damper in ground-base and aviation systems. However, the application of this device on a space manipulator has not been addressed yet. In this paper, A 6DOFs space robot is built in Maplesim, and analyses the kinematic and dynamic model, and the component of MR damper is also created, after simulation, the results shows that the angular velocities of joints and base has been smoothly dampen. Although the control algorithm is simple, it’s very valuable to use the MR damper in capture non-cooperative target.

Rheological damping of slender rods

Efficient and accurate modelling of mooring and cable systems for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines are a key factor in the coupled dynamic analysis for the realistic assessment of such floating structures. In order to improve the modelling of the mooring and cable systems, a new extension of the slender rod finite element model proposed by Garret with the inclusion of rheological damping is presented. The model takes into account the damping produced for the rod material in both the axial and the bending forces. Derivation of the axial and bending damping forces is presented and assessed in terms of the critical damping. The implementation of the model is presented and tested through three verification simulations and two validation examples, which show a good agreement when comparing with experimental results and prove the capacity and robustness of the model.

Neural network control for earthquake structural vibration reduction using MRD

Structural safety of building particularly that are intended for exposure to strong earthquake loads are designed and equipped with high technologies of control to ensure as possible as its protection against this brutal load. One of these technologies used in the protection of structures is the semi-active control using a Magneto Rheological Damper device. But this device need an adequate controller with a robust algorithm of current or tension adjustment to operate which is further discussed in the following of this paper. In this study, a neural network controller is proposed to control the MR damper to eliminate vibrations of 3-story scaled structure exposed to Tōhoku 2011 and Boumerdes 2003 earthquakes. The proposed controller is derived from a linear quadratic controller designed to control an MR damper installed in the first floor of the structure. Equipped with a feedback law the proposed control is coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to adapt the current tension required to the MR damper adjustment. To evaluate the performance control of the proposed design controller, two numerical simulations of the controlled structure and uncontrolled structure are illustrated and compared.

Semi-Active Vibration Control of a Non-Collocated Civil Structure Using Evolutionary-Based BELBIC

A buildings resilience to seismic activity can be increased by providing ways for the structure to dynamically counteract the effect of the Earth’s crust movements. This ability is fundamental in certain regions of the globe, where earthquakes are more frequent, and can be achieved using different strategies. State-of-the-art anti-seismic buildings have, embedded on their structure, mostly passive actuators such as base isolation, Tuned Mass Dampers (TMD) and viscous dampers that can be used to reduce the effect of seismic or even wind induced vibrations. The main disadvantage of this type of building vibration reduction strategies concerns their inability to adapt their properties in accordance to both the excitation signal or structural behaviour. This adaption capability can be promoted by adding to the building active type actuators operating under a closed-loop. However, these systems are substantially larger than passive type solutions and require a considerable amount of energy that may not be available during a severe earthquake due to power grid failure. An intermediate solution between these two extremes is the introduction of semi-active actuators such as magneto–rheological dampers. The inclusion of magneto–rheological actuators is among one of the most promising semi-active techniques. However, the overall performance of this strategy depends on several aspects such as the actuators number and location within the structure and the vibration sensors network. It can be the case where the installation leads to a non-collocated system which presents additional challenges to control. This paper proposes to tackle the problem of controlling the vibration of a non-collocated three-storey building by means of a brain–emotional controller tuned using an evolutionary algorithm. This controller will be used to adjust the stiffness coefficient of a magneto–rheological actuator such that the building’s frame oscillation under earthquake excitation, is mitigated. The obtained results suggest that, using this control strategy, it is possible to reduce the building vibration to secure levels.

Dissipative particle dynamics modeling of a mini-MR damper focus on magnetic fluid

Mini-magneto rheological damper modeled by using dissipative particle dynamics method as molecular modeling technique and effects of agent magnetic fluid properties on damping force are investigated. To validate results of modeling with experimental data, modified Bouc-Wen model is used as computational strategy and no-slip condition on the solid surfaces implemented by utilizing bounce back boundary condition which shows good conformity. Results of molecular modeling indicate by increasing in number density and non-dimensional weight of magnetic particles, damping force has parabolic pattern so that first increases then decreases to a constant value; while, by increasing in diameter of magnetic particles damping force increases uniformly. Also, the effect of different magnetic field distributions with enhancement rates of 10%, 30% and 50% on quality and quantity of damping force and shear stress is investigated. Results show by using number density, non-dimensional weight and diameter of magnetic particles of 0.25, 0.6 and 0.55 μm, respectively, when magnetic field with power function pattern is utilized considered damping force of 10 N obtained in less damping time and electrical energy consumption; so, modeled damper is an optimal version of its experimental model.