Rh6G Dye Research Articles

Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via pyrolysis for environmental remediation: a detailed experimental analysis with different parametric optimizations

This paper reports on the photodegradation of the Rh 6G dye using a g-C3N4 (g-CN) nanosheet photocatalyst under UV light irradiation.

Tuning the optical properties of Ln3+-doped-Y2O3@ZnO@Au core-shell heterostructures for visible-to-NIR photon harvesting

Here, compact Yb3+-Er3+-Tm3+ doped Y2O3 phosphor microspheres were synthesized by solvothermal method which gave emission in the entire visible region under 980 nm excitation. The effect of doping alkali ions like lithium on the upconversion emission of YYET phosphors is investigated. An epitaxial layer of ZnO is grown around the YYETL (Li+ doped YYET) microspheres by hydrothermal technique. An analysis of the influence of the ZnO shell thickness on the upconversion emission of core microspheres is done. Initial growth of a thin layer of ZnO on the YYETL microspheres causes enhancement in upconversion emission due to passivation of surface defects of core microspheres. Quenching of anti-Stokes emission occurs for thicker ZnO shell coating. Further, it is decorated with AuNPs to study the effect of plasmonics on the optical property of the developed heterostructure. The overlap between the upconversion emission spectra of core microspheres and the LSPR peak of AuNPs modulates the property of the entire structure. The optimized samples were checked for photocatalytic application by degradation of Rh6G dye under solar irradiation. YYETL@ZnO@Au core-shell samples exhibited highest rate constant of 0.00395 min−1, which is attributed to better exploitation of the UV–Vis-NIR region of the solar spectrum by all three components of the heterostructure.

Cost-effective efficient materials for dye degradation using non-aqueous sol-gel route.

In the present studies, the synthesis of pure ZnO nanoparticles and Mg and S-doped ZnO particles were carried out using a non-aqueous sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-Vis-DRS, XPS, PL, and BET surface area analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to examine the crystallization of ZnO, Mg-ZnO, and S-ZnO samples. The Mg-ZnO and S-ZnO samples exhibit significant c-axis compression and smaller crystallite sizes as compared to undoped ZnO. The optical band gap of Mg-ZnO and S-ZnO NPs were found to be 2.93eV and 2.32eV, respectively, which are lower than that of ZnO NPs (3.05eV). The S-doped ZnO resulted in the homogenous distribution of sulfur ions in the ZnO lattice crystal. XPS analysis revealed that the doped S element was mostly S4+ and S6+. A systematic evaluation has been conducted to assess the influence of several operational parameters, including doped/undoped stoichiometry, solution pH, catalyst dosage, and radical trapping experiment, on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) dye. Furthermore, we investigated the photocatalytic degradation activity of ZnO, Mg-ZnO, and S-ZnO samples with aquoues solution of 5ppm Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) at room temperature. Results indicated that pure ZnO nanoparticles have the highest photocatalytic degradation rate constant (0.00344min-1), compared to the samples Mg-ZnO (0.00104min-1) and S-ZnO (0.00108min-1) with Rh 6G dye in presence of visible light emitting diode (Vis-LED) source at room temperature. The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities of pure ZnO NPs were attributed to their superior surface properties (18.30 m2/g) and effective electron-hole separation.

Close-packed small nanocubes assemblies as efficient SERS substrates

Silver-based nanostructures, especially the anisotropic ones such as triangular nanoplates, nanorods, nanocubes or silver nanowires, are used as Surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates for different analytes sensing, with outstanding results, in terms of the limit of detection (LOD), as well as the enhancement factor (EF), being applicable for early clinical diagnosis of cancer, trace level detection of different organic pollutants, or for the pesticides’ detection, and even explosives. Among all these shapes, cubes like nanoparticles (AgNCs) can generate intense hot-spots due to their corners and edges, due to some additional plasmonic modes that occur at different resonance wavelengths in the spectrum, thus, improving SERS sensitivity.In this work we have successfully synthesized silver AgNCs of 60 nm, that were then assembled on a planar silicon substrate, and use it as a simple SERS substrate towards Rh6G dye. We were able to obtain an averaged calculated EF of 1.78 × 108, with a limit of detection of 4. 16 × 10−12 M. Furthermore, the effect of nanocubes’ configurations was investigated through the numerical calculations, being revealed that the edge-to-edge arrangement exhibits the highest EF of about 109, followed by the edge-to-face (8.6 × 108) and face-to-face (9 × 107) arrangements, in good agreement with experimental calculated value, ∼108, considering the frequency of appearance of each configuration.Our studies related to the use of assemblies of smaller AgNCs on planar silicon surface, with no further nanostructuration process, as SERS based substrates towards one of the most known analyte molecules, as well as an organic dye pollutant, are very encouraging, giving the chance to explore the emerging properties of small nanocubes towards low concentration detection of different organic molecules, thus showing great applicability in both scientific research and practical application, like water pollutants or even foodborne pathogen detection.

Synthesis and Spectral Characteristics of RhB and Rh6G Dyes and their Mixture in Solid Matrix

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of RhB dye and Rh6G in solvent and doped in silica glass with different concentrations have been carried out in the spectral range of 450-750 nm. The fluorescence spectra have been recorded with two excitation wavelength 370 and 450 nm. CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sol-gel method in order to investigate their optical behaviors as efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Pure RhB and RhB dye doped in Silica glass with different concentrations were tested as acceptor from the CdS nanoparticles. In this paper, we study FRET behavior of CdS NPs with RhB dye and energy transfer between RhB dye and Rh6G dye.

Tunable and low-threshold random lasing emission in waveguide aided Rhodamine-6G dye incorporated silica embedded thin films

A simple and low-cost approach for producing tunable and low threshold RL emission in the visible region is reported by using a fluorescent laser dye as gain medium and light scattering is achieved in silica nanospheres (SNS) under the pump light of 532 nm, obtained by second harmonic generation of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser fundamental radiation of 1064 nm wavelength. Depending upon the size (a) of the scatterer particles in comparison to the wavelength (λ) of the pump light, the scattering mechanism can be classified into different categories. However, to demonstrate various RL parameters for scatterer particles residing in Rayleigh scattering (a <λ) and Geometrical optics regime (a >>λ) in Rh6G dye doped PVA film, we have deliberately synthesized two different sized SNS (notably, 400 nm and 1000 nm). Also, to demonstrate the tuning in the RL emission by enhancement in pump photon density the gain medium has been enclosed within two glass slides. The performances of developed three RL systems, one made with bare film (S1), one cover with one glass slide (S2) and another one in which the gain medium is enclosed between two glass slides (S3) have been compared. It has been demonstrated experimentally that in the developed RL system with 400 nm SNS particles, RL emission in the incoherent regime is obtained. On the other hand, in the case of 1000 nm SNS particles, RL emission in the coherent regime is demonstrated. The tunable random lasing emission covering 585–592 nm wavelength regions with the lowest emission line-width of 4.2 nm and the lowest RL threshold of 1.59 mJ/cm2 is obtained from the developed RL systems. The demonstrated low cost and simple strategy for the development of tunable RL devices provided here will find novel applications in laser-based imaging, RL based sensing, and other optoelectronic devices.

Investigating The Effects of The Different Rhodamine 6G Laser Dye Volume Ratios on The Optical Properties of PMMA/PC Films

Rhodamine 6G – polymethylmethacrylate/polycarbonate (Rh6G–PMMA/PC) were prepared by a casting method at room temperature with diverse volume ratios of Rh6G dye solution (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25) ml. The as-prepared films were categorised via UV–Vis spectrophotometer, and the optical properties were investigated in the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The absorption peaks for pure PMMA/PC film were affected by inserting Rh6G dye solution, the wavelength of absorption peak of pure PMMA/PC film is at 300 nm and 340 nm while there are different behaveior at different concentration of RG6 after mixing with PMMA/PC films; there are red shift for concentrations (10 and 25 ml) of RG6 after mixing with PMMA/PC films by appear another peaks at 530 nm and 535 nm respectively. In addition, there is a blue shift for concentrations (15 and 20 ml) of RG6 after mixing with PMMA/PC films, as evidenced by the appearance of new peaks at wavelength 265 nm. Furthermore, new peaks appeared and were absorbed while the energy band gap was influenced, with values ranging from 4.3 eV for pure PMMA/PC film to 4.18 eV for mixtures 10 and 25 ml concentration of Rh6G/ PMMA/PC belonging to the red shift to 4.9 eV and 4.85 eV for mixtures 15 and 20 ml concentration of Rh6G/ PMMA/PC belonging to the blue shift.

Tunable random lasing in Au@Fe3O4, Fe3O4@Au core shell nanoparticles under external magnetic field

This work aims to control the random laser performance using magneto-plasmonic Fe3O4@Au and Au@Fe3O4 core shell nanoparticles as scatterer points in Rh6G dye. For this purpose, nanoparticles were produced via laser ablation in liquid method and mixed together in a dye medium. After characterizing samples through transmission electron microscopy and florescence spectra in the visible region, the samples were pumped via second harmonic generation of Nd: YAG laser and random lasing action were gathered by spectrometer. These measurements were performed with and without external magnetic field in four different magnetic field strengths of 1.08, 2.35, 17.7, and 20.7 mT. Our results revealed good full width at half maximum of laser efficiency in the samples exposed to the external magnetic field. In addition, using the external magnetic field, the samples with larger Fe3O4 core NPs and smaller shell thicknesses indicated a better ability to achieve a tunable random lasing under the external magnetic field.

Gold nanoparticles fabricated by the electrical wire explosion technique, deposited on a porous silicon as an active substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)

This study aims to improve the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using gold nanoparticles prepared by the wire explosion technique and deposited on an etched silicon substrate. This spectral technique is highly dependent upon physicochemical properties of the substrate material, to detect very low concentrations of the toxic materials.The morphological and structural features of the prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated by the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FE-SEM images illustrated that the deposited AuNPs have a non-uniform spherical shape with a rough surface and there were nanogaps between them acting as hotspots at the surface. While the X-ray diffraction pattern indicated the existence of the (111) plane which confirmed the crystalline nature of the AuNPs. Rh6G dye was used as a probe material to examine the performance of these nanoparticles as a SERS substrate. The Raman scattering spectrum of the rhodamine RH6G dye enhanced greatly due to the existence of these nanoparticles, where the enhancement factor (EF) was 2.23×106 when using a deposited AuNPs of concentration 13.46 ppm which is equal to 3×10-5 M, and a reasonable detection limit for a low dye concentration of 10-14M.

Development of Effectual Substrates for SERS by Nanostructures-on flexible surfaces

The current study examines recent advancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a technique that employs flexible surfaces as an active substrate, this surfaces consist from two-dimensional thermo-plasmonic grating. With 53 nm Au layer (was deposited on the 2D grating structure of the PDMS by the PVD method). The explosive wire technique was used to preparing Ag nanoparticles that were used for the purpose of SERS. The effect of the plasmonic nanostructures on the absorption spectra and Surface - Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activities was examined. Rhodamine 6G dye was used as a probe molecule. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. The morphology was assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM). A twin beam UV-Vis Spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorption of the combined Rh6G dye (concentration 1×10“–6M) with the nanostructures. a Sunshine Raman microscope system and a 50mm objective lens, used for investigating the Raman spectra of the Rh6G combined with nanostructures. The results showed that the enhancement factor (EF) for SERS of R6G (1×M) reached to (2.2×10 3) When using Ag nanoparticles and (0.08 × 103) when R6G deposited directly on the flexible substrates without nanostructures at the wave number (1650 cm−1), we produced a recyclable, homogeneous, and highly sensitive SERS substrate with dependable reproducibility. For the SERS substrate, a surface made up of two-dimensional (2D) flexible grating substrates was chosen to provide multiple modalities in electrical and medicinal applications.

Tuning the topographical parameters of Si pyramids for a better surface enhanced Raman response.

Development of facile routes for the fabrication of surface enhanced Raman substrates (SERS) along with optimal conditions for a high enhancement factor are significant from an application perspective of SERS. Despite steady efforts to establish high SERS signals, cost effectiveness without compromising the enhanced and robust Raman signal remains a major challenge. To address this aspect, herein, we try to tune the topographical aspects of Si pyramidal textures in pursuit of efficient SERS substrates. These pyramidal surfaces are deployed as a pre-template for adopting a SERS substrate using a cost-effective wet chemical etching method. By controlling the etching time, various topographical parameters namely base size, height, pyramidal number density and uniformity of pyramidal textures are modulated. To make all the surfaces SERS active, a Au (50%)-Ag (50%) alloy nanolayer is post-deposited over them. Furthermore, SERS behavior of all the surfaces is investigated by using Rh6G dye as an analyte molecule. In addition to the high density of hot spots in terms of pyramidal number density, base size and uniformity shows a strong correlation in deciding the substantial SERS response. Furthermore, we find a high enhancement factor (∼1.42 × 108) for the substrate consisting of dense, small and uniformly sized pyramids. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations done on similar structures corroborate our results. Additionally, universal applicability of the proposed substrate is also verified by detecting methylene blue and methyl parathion analyte molecules. These substrates are much cheaper (∼5 USD for 1 × 1 cm2) in comparison with commercially available Klarite SERS substrates (∼100 USD for 2 × 2 mm2). We believe this work provides a critical insight into the design of potential SERS substrates using a significantly cost-effective wet chemical etching process.

Physical Properties of Rhodamine 6G Laser Dye Combined in Polyvinyl Alcohol films as Heat Sensor

Rhodamine 6G- polyvinylalcohol (Rh6G/PVA) films were prepared via casting route at room temperature with different volume of Rh6G dye solution (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ml). The optical properties of as-prepared films were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength range of 200-800 nm. The absorption peak of the pure PVA film does not affect by adding the Rh6G dye solution while exhibited increase in intensity of the absorption spectrum. Furthermore, the absorption peak of Rhodamine 6G demonstrated red-shift about 10 nm. Energy band gap slightly affected by adding Rh6G dye solution. The amazing influence of heat treatment on the physical properties of Rh6G/PVA films appeared due to red-shift and decrease the energy band gap. The results exposed that the best sensitivity calculated at temperature 40 °C for as-grown Rh6G (15 ml)/PVA film around 35.74%.

Surface decorated V2O5 nanorods with Pt nanoparticles for enriched visible light photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of Rh-6G

Hetero-structured nanorods of Pt-vanadium pentoxide (Pt-V2O5) were prepared using hydrothermal method. The Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were decorated on the V2O5 nanorods, and the concentration of Pt for decoration varied from 1 to 10 wt%. Their structure, microstructure, elemental, and optical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The microstructure studies showed the decorated Pt NPs on the V2O5 surface. Photocatalytic activity of the Pt-V2O5 nanorods was studied by degrading the Rh-6G dye under visible light irradiation, and their photocatalytic performance was enhanced compared to the pure V2O5 nanorods. The Pt NPs assisted in increasing the light response of the photocatalyst in the visible region and thus improved the photocatalytic activity. Of all the number densities of Pt NPs used to decorate the V2O5 nanorods, the 1 wt% Pt showed the best degradation of the Rh-6G dye at a maximum of 94% with the reaction rate constant k of 0.754 h−1. This degradation was about 2.5 times better than that of pure V2O5. The mechanism for enhanced activity was analyzed and reactive species, such as holes (h+) and electrons (e−), actively participated in the photocatalytic degradation of the dye.

Spectroscopic and color chromaticity analysis of rhodamine 6G dye-doped PVA polymer composites for color tuning applications

Herein we report the successful fabrication of highly flexible, reversibly stretchable and transparent rhodamine 6G/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Rh6G/PVA) polymer composite (PC) films using a user-friendly solution casting method by adding different amounts, viz. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 wt%, of Rh6G dye. The FTIR studies reveal that an interaction between PVA matrix and added Rh6G dye and room-temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) emission intensity is decreased with the increase in the Tg is observed from DSC thermograms. The developed films show appreciable optical and RTPL properties as established by a UV–visible and fluorescence techniques such that the electronic spectral studies substantiate the changes in electronic band structure of PC films, leading to appreciable changes in the optoelectronic properties. These prepared films with excellent optoelectronic properties alongside appreciable flexibilities and stretchabilities aid their applications to organic light emitting diodes (OLED) with enhanced RTPL studies.

Hydrothermal implement with supporting of semiconductor ZrO2 (ZO), Ag doped ZrO2 (AZO) nanomaterial and its astrophysical, UV photocatalytic employment on Rh6G dye

Greatly secure semiconducting materials of Ag doped ZrO2 (AZO) nanoparticles have been prepared by the use of hydrothermal and precipitation methods. Photocatalytic nanoparticles were characterized by UV-DRS, XRD, FT-IR and HR-SEM, HR-TEM, PL and CV techniques. Admirable improvement in the direct band gap of 4.61–4.58 eV was achieved as a result of doping. XRD diffraction pattern established the arrangement of monoclinic and tetragonal phase. The crystallite size and specific surface area were resoluted as 37.51 nm and 50.44 g/cm3. In addition, microscopic observation shows the Ag doped ZrO2 has achieved agglomeration and the particle diameter range between less than 100 nm of 5.81 and 7.65 1/nm. Luminescence and cyclic voltammetry are given additional supports towards optoelectronic characterization of Ag doped zirconium dioxide nanomaterials. The obtained ZO/AZO nanoparticles persist towards cationic dye of Rh6G at outfitted parameters of pH medium 9 implemented effectively in UV and solar light. The photodegradation of Rh6G dye is well described by pseudo-first order kinetics and high quantum yield. The Langmuir–Hinshel wood mechanism of photocatalytic effect of Ag doped Zirconium oxide nanomaterial have been discussed sucessfully and COD analysis was investigated. In this study, AZO material has to be proficient and potential remediated for contaminated water.

A novel fluorimetric method for determination of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and blood serum.

An inexpensive, simple, highly sensitive, and rapid fluorimetric method was developed for the analysis of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride at trace levels. The method is based on the recovery of fluorescence of Rh6G dye due to the interaction of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride with Rh6G-Au NPs complex, which results in the release of Rh6G from the complex and halting fluorescence resonance energy transfer between Rh6G and Au NPs. The intensity of fluorescence was directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte, which was used for its determination. Experimental factors were optimized by response-surface methodology. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range of 15–150 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) was 10 ng mL-1. Percent relative standard deviation (n= 5) for determination of 50 ng mL-1 pseudoephedrine hydrochloride was 3.74%. The method was successfully used for determining the analyte in human blood serum and in pharmaceutical formulations. The possible mechanistic description of the analytical reaction was proposed on the basis of TEM, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectra analysis.

Effect of Rhodamine 6G dye on chromaticity co-ordinates and photoluminescence properties of TiO2/PMMA polymer nanocomposites for LED applications

This article presents the preparation and characterization of Rh6G/TiO2/PMMA PNCs for optoelectronic applications. The color tuneable long-lasting Rh6G/TiO2/PMMA PNCs films were prepared by solution casting method, exhibited very good photoluminescence emission. The PL emission spectra of Rh6G/TiO2/PMMA consist of broad band ranging from 566 nm to 585 nm for 345 nm excitation and 562–578 nm for 515 nm excitation wavelengths respectively, and the intensity of the spectra decreases gradually with increase in wt% of Rh6G. The color parameters calculated based on CIE chromaticity coordinates of Rh6G/TiO2/PMMA indicate that the emitting color of Rh6G/TiO2/PMMA is composed of yellowish orange, and it exhibits an orange emitting color with color purity of 99.8% for the highest wt% of Rh6G dye. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared PNCs shows amorphous nature and the FTIR, AFM, DSC and UV–Visible results correlating with each other.

Fluorescence resonance energy-transfer-based fluoride ion sensor.

The present work describes an energy-transfer-based fluoride sensor using the highly photo-stable Coumarin 540a (C540a)-Rhodamine 6g (Rh6g) dye pair. Rh6g exhibits a decrease in fluorescence emission, whereas C540a shows no change in response to fluoride. The increase in fluoride concentration decreases the energy transfer efficiency between the C540a donor and Rh6g acceptor in acetonitrile, leading to a subsequent recovery of fluorescence emission from C540a molecules. The sensing mechanism using fluorescence resonance energy transfer is found to be highly specific towards fluoride detection when compared to the response towards other anions. The fluorescence emission of both dyes is monitored to enable fluoride detection within a broad range.

Output power enhancement of Rh6G dye laser by colloidal gold nanoparticles

Improvement of the efficiency of a Rh6G dye laser by adding proper concentrations of gold colloidal nanoparticles into the dye solution has experimentally been investigated. Gold colloidal nanoparticles due to their strong plasmonic peak in the visible region are expected to have a considerable interaction with Rh6G dye molecules with broad emission spectrum in the visible range. It is shown that with addition of enough low concentrations (less than 0.4 µM/l) of gold nanoparticles to the dye solution, both the output power and the efficiency of the dye laser increase. The best improvement of the laser efficiency reaches 15%. Two amplifying mechanisms exist for efficiency improvement by the nanoparticles, which are resonant energy transfer from the plasmonic nanoparticles to the dye molecules in addition to the high near field around the nanoparticles. The results indicate that in the low concentrations of gold nanoparticles, the amplifying mechanisms dominate the dissipating mechanism of scattering of the pumped light by the nanoparticles. This leads to the efficiency improvement by addition of the nanoparticles.

Ultraviolet and visible random lasers assisted by diatom frustules.

Random laser actions in ultraviolet and visible regions have been demonstrated based on the composites consisting of bio-inspired diatom frustules. Owing to the low optical loss derived from porous network of diatom structures, we report wide spectrum range random lasers arising from GaN film and Rh6G dye via using biological diatoms as scattering centers. Interestingly, both ultraviolet and visible-range random laser actions with very sharp peaks can be easily obtained, with the average length of optics cavity closed to the average size of diatom frustules in both cases, indicating the excellent optical confinement of diatom frustules. It is expected that the first proof of concept shown here can pave an avenue toward future broad-range random lasers and eco-friendly biophotonics devices with high performance and wide spectrum response.