rGO Hybrid Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of Synergetic Pd/MoO3–rGO Hybrid Material as Efficient Electrode for Supercapacitor Application

In this work, study synthesized Pd–rGO and Pd/MoO3–rGO nanocomposites via a one-pot hydrothermal method, serving as efficient electrodes for supercapacitor applications. Various analytical techniques, including XRD, XPS, HRTEM, BET, and Raman spectroscopy, were employed to characterize the structural, morphological, and physiochemical properties to assess the electrochemical supercapacitor performance of nanocomposite materials. The analyses confirmed that the charge transfer mechanism between the MoO3-NR with Pd-rGO in Pd/MoO3–rGO samples has significantly improved the electrochemical performance of Pd/MoO3–rGO by 2.7 times compared to Pd-rGO sample (105.00 F/g at 0.5 A/g). Remarkably, the Pd/MoO3–rGO hybrid material exhibited excellent electrochemical activity, boosting a specific capacitance of 291.50 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, accompanied by energy density and power density values of 18.06 Wh/kg and 250.00 W/kg, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrated noteworthy stability over prolonged usage, retaining 88.46% of its capacity after 1,000 cycles at a constant current density of 1.0 A/g. These findings underscore the promising potential of the Pd/MoO3–rGO nanocomposite as a highly effective electrode material for supercapacitors.

Anion Storing Boron Nitride Hybrid Nanosheets for High-Performance Dual Ion and Zinc Alkaline Full Cells.

Hexagonal boron nitride (BN), a well-known member of 2D materials, has a structure similar to graphene and is often referred to as white graphene. Despite its unique physical and chemical properties for energy storage applications, there have been very few studies on how BN stores anion carriers. Herein, the hybrid architecture and anion storage mechanism of BN nanosheets for high-performance hybrid energy storage full cells based on dual-ion and Zinc (Zn) alkaline systems is demonstrated. The chemical bonding between BN and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is attributed to the formation of the heterointerface, which facilitates the charge transfer kinetics during an OH storing process. Based on the reversible surface redox reaction of BN and rGO hybrid (BN@rGO) confirmed by computational and spectroscopic analyses, the BN@rGO electrode is applied to both Na and OH dual-ion and Zn alkaline full cells. In the dual-ion system, Ti3C2‖BN@rGO full cells extended the operating voltage range up to 1.7V, delivering a cell capacity of 49.4mAhg-1 at 1000mAg-1 and retaining 80% of its initial capacity after 40000 cycles. In the Zn alkaline system, Zn‖BN@rGO full cells achieved a cell capacity of 58.1mAhg-1 at 1000mAg-1 and retained 80% capacity over 90000 cycles.

Congo red dye reduction mediated by the electron (e−) transfer route of BH4 − ions using synthesized NiCo2O4/rGO hybrid nanosheets

The treatment of toxic organic pollutants is extremely important for the conservation of clean air, soil, and water. In this study, (reduced graphene oxide) NiCo2O4/ rGO hybrid nanocomposite was prepared by a facile hydrothermal technique and employed for organic dye adsorption from wastewater. The synthesized NiCo2O4/rGO hybrid nanocomposite was studied using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–visible. The physical characterizations prove the deposition of NiCo2O4 particles on the rGO surface. The transmission electron microscope image demonstrated that the NiCo2O4 particles with an average size of ∼46 nm was dispersed on the rGO surface. The obtained nanoparticles show a higher specific surface area of 56.4 m2 g−1. Adsorption dynamics as investigated by time and concentration variation show that the adsorption data follows pseudosecond order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 106.2 mg g−1, indicating homogeneous physiochemical adsorption of CR dye on the adsorbent surface. Besides, the catalytic effectiveness of synthesized nanocomposite towards Congo red (CR) dye reduction mediated by the electron (e−) transfer route of BH4 − ions was explained in detail. The electrostatic interaction used between the NiCo2O4/rGO hybrid composite and Congo red increased the adsorption ion effectiveness of the dye sample.

Multifunctional Pr-V2O5/rGO hybrid nanomaterial for sensitive heavy metal ion detection and efficient photocatalytic dye degradation

Multifunctional Pr-V2O5/rGO hybrid nanomaterial for sensitive heavy metal ion detection and efficient photocatalytic dye degradation

Development of SiNWs based electrochemical sensor for trace level detection of arsenic

In the present study, we present a unique sensing platform relies on a silicon nanowire (SiNW) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanostructure capped with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylene glycol gold nanoparticle (PEG-AuNPs). Herein, MACE technique was applied to synthesize SiNWs, which was then used to develop a sandwich hybrid nanostructure by casting of rGO/APTES/PEG-AuNPs on its surface under room temperature and was characterised using various techniques. The developed PEG-AuNPs/rGO@APTES/SiNWs hybrid nanostructure-based sensing platform was used to detect two types of arsenic, that is, arsenite (As3+) and arsenate (As5+) using cyclic voltammetry in a sensitive and selective manner wherein the presence of arsenic species in real sample (blood) as well as standard samples was recorded.

Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production of Ni-Co layered double hydroxides (Ni-Co LDHs) anchored with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid composite

Using a suitable co-catalyst to boost photocatalytic H2 evolution from water splitting is crucial. Herein, we designed pristine NiCo-LDH and reduced graphene-oxide supported nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets (NiCo-LDH/rGO) as photocatalyst for the first time to evaluate the hydrogen production performance. Adding graphene has the potential to significantly increase electrical conductivity, and the supported NiCo-LDH has the potential to significantly reduce the likelihood of graphene self-aggregation. The effectiveness of its photocatalytic hydrogen generation was analyzed using a set of characterizations. The H2 evolution rates for pure rGO were 345.2 μmolh−1g−1, whereas those for Ni-Co LDH/rGO were 578.2 μmolh−1g−1. Average hydrogen generation per hour for the Ni-Co LDH/rGO composite material was 2032.1 μmolh−1g−1, which was 5.8 and 3.5 times that of rGO and Ni-Co LDH/rGO, respectively, NiCo-LDH@rGO's synergistic impact on the NiCo-LDH boosts the H2 generation pathway by increasing the catalyst's stability as well as performance by exposing active sites and speeding up electron transport. The produced nanocomposite shows excellent spatial charge separation and quicker electron transport across the conductive network of rGO, as shown by the photocurrent response test and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results of this study provide a fresh perspective on the practical use and synthesis of the inexpensive and effective NiCo-LDH/rGO, demonstrating the standard deviation of logical planning and preparation of high-performance photocatalysts.

La-doped CeO2/rGO hybrid with high oxygen vacancy to enhance phosphorus adsorption by capacitive deionization

Cerium oxide is one of the most attractive electrode materials in capacitive deionization (CDI) technology for selective phosphate adsorption due to the specific interaction. However, Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and material conductivity of cerium oxide electrode determine the adsorption performance. Herein, a dual strategy was exploited with polyol-solvothermal reaction in the presence of graphite oxide and cerium salt followed by hydrothermal La-doping to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) assembly of La-doped CeO2 at the reduced graphene oxide (La-CeO2/rGO). The as-prepared La-CeO2/rGO hybrid exhibited interconnected structure with CeO2 uniformly distributed on the rGO support. La3+, by partially replacing Ce4+ in the lattice, was evenly fused into CeO2 nanosphere, enhancing the content of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies and inhibiting lattice distortion. As a CDI positive electrode, the La0.15-CeO2/rGO with optimal La doping achieved the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 118.7 mg P/g with high separation factor (αSO42-P = 13.9), superior to the CeO2/rGO (67.8 mg P/g, αSO42-P = 10.1). In addition, the La-CeO2/rGO electrode is extremely robust, with excellent adsorption performance in wide pH range and good regeneration ability, compared to CeO2/rGO. This work proves that the synergy of trace La doping and 3D rGO support effectively improves the adsorption performance of La-CeO2/rGO electrodes and enhances the cycling stability of CDI devices. The corresponding adsorption mechanism was demonstrated.

Vertical graphene-decorated carbon nanofibers establishing robust conductive networks for fiber-based stretchable strain sensors

Stretchable strain sensors have great potential for diverse applications including human motion detection, soft robotics, and health monitoring. However, their practical implementation requires improved repeatability and stability along with high sensing performances. Here, we utilized spiky vertical graphene (VG) sheets decorated on carbon nanofibers (VG@CNFs) to establish reliable conductive networks for resistive strain sensing. Three-dimensional (3D) VG@CNFs combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets were simply coated on stretchable spandex fibers by ultrasonication. Because of the spiky geometry of the VG sheets, VG@CNF and rGO exhibited enhanced interactions, which was confirmed by mode I fracture tests. Due to the robust conductive networks formed by the VG@CNF and rGO hybrid, the fiber strain sensor exhibited a significantly improved strain range of up to 522% (with a high gauge factor of 1358) and stable resistance changes with minimal variation even after 5000 stretching–releasing cycles under a strain of 50%. In addition, the textile strain sensor based on the VG@CNF/rGO hybrid showed even improved repeatability for various strain levels of 10% to 200%, enabling its implementation on leggings for monitoring of squat posture. This study demonstrates the high potential of the 3D VG@CNF for high-performance and reliable stretchable strain sensors.

Screen-printed electrodes based on hybrids of poly(ortho-ethoxyaniline) and reduced graphene oxide

Screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) based on hybrids of the conducting polymer poly(ortho-ethoxyaniline) (POEA), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were produced and characterized. The SPEs were produced from conductive inks based on graphite and alkyd resin and were modified with hybrids of POEA with GO, and rGO. The hybrids POEA-GO and POEA-rGO were produced by chemical polymerization of o-ethoxyaniline (orthophenitidine) in 1.0 mol L−1 with GO or rGO dispersed into the monomer solution. The SPEs were modified by the replacement of 5 % in mass of graphite by 5 % in mass of POEA-GO or POEA-rGO hybrids. The hybrids were characterized by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies and XRD analyses. The modified SPEs, SPE/POEA, SPE/POEA-GO, and SPE/POEA-rGO were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and by cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrodes based on the rGO hybrid, SPE/POEA-rGO, showed a significant reduction of the charge transfer resistance obtained by EIS by a factor of 3 compared with SPE/POEA, from 4.62 kΩ to 1.48 kΩ, without changing the redox behaviour of POEA. The methodology used to produce SPE/POEA-rGO is a simple, effective, scalable, and low-cost alternative to produce POEA-based electrodes for applications such as in electrochemical sensors and charge storage devices.

Engineering nanoscale nickel sulfide by a “reduction-restriction” strategy for high performance hybrid supercapacitor

Nanostructured materials usually exhibit superior electrical properties than bulk-structured materials, but conventional preparation methods are prone to produce bulk-structured nickel sulfide, leading to unsatisfactory electrochemical properties. In this work, we proposed a novel “reduction-restriction” strategy to synthesize nanoscale β-NiS via a one-step hydrothermal process. We found the introduction of strong reductants accelerates the crystal nucleation and growth of nickel sulfide, and limits further crystal growth, thus generating nanoparticles. Benefiting from the advantages brought by nanoscale effect, both of NS-15mLNaBH4 (β-NiS nanoparticles) and NS-100µLN2H4 (β-NiS nanoparticles) electrodes deliver an outstanding specific capacity of 254.1 mAh g−1 and 256.9 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively, obviously higher than bulk-structured NS-0 (β-NiS/Ni3S4) electrode (171.0 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). The assembled NS-100µLN2H4//rGO hybrid supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 69.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 399.8 W kg−1. This work offers a novel mechanism and approach for fabrication of nanoscale metal sulfides from the perspective of controlling crystal nucleation and growth.

Enhancing self-powered wearable device performance: ZIF-8/rGO hybrid nanostructures for extended operation and electrochemical glucose detection

The growing demand for wearable devices designed for continuous monitoring necessitates an extended power supply, prompting the development of self-powered sensing devices capable of prolonged operation. Multifunctional materials have become a prime focus for self-powered systems. One such material is ZIF-8, a porous crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) that holds promise for non-enzymatic glucose detection due to its expansive surface area, functional sites, electrocatalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Our research details the successful synthesis of ZIF-8 and a composite consisting of ZIF-8 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). We extensively investigated the structural, elemental, and morphological attributes of these materials using various characterization techniques. Our examination of glucose detection involved cyclic voltammetry and amperometry studies. The hybrid electrode, benefiting from the synergistic interplay between ZIF-8 and rGO, exhibited an exceptional sensitivity of 5047.18 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a detection limit of 0.3 μM, spanning the range of 0.005 mM to 5 mM. Furthermore, we explored these materials' potential in the supercapacitance realm. The ZIF-8/rGO hybrid electrode demonstrated an impressive specific capacitance of 287F/g at a current density of 1 Ag−1, displaying pseudocapacitive behaviour. A proof-of-concept prototype device, utilizing ZIF-8/rGO, was fabricated and investigated for its potential in wearable glucose sensing. The device yielded satisfactory results, showcasing its capability as a self-powered wearable sensor. In general, ZIF-8/rGO hybrid nanostructure emerged as a promising candidate for supercapacitor and electrochemical glucose detection applications.

Efficient Electron Transfer across Strontium Titanate Decorated Graphene Oxide for High‐Performance Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells and Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye and Antibiotic

AbstractUnderstanding synergistic interface features is a crucial step towards adjustable and controllable interfaces for photocatalytic and photovoltaic devices. In this work, a novel layer‐structured rGO hybrid with SrTiO3 (STO/rGO) based binary composite has developed via hydrothermal method. The highly stable STO/rGO is used to construct a dual‐functional platform for dye, antibiotic degradation and DSSC. The photocatalytic activities of STO/rGO composites were examined using Methylene Blue (MB) and Tetracycline (TC) degradation in an aqueous solution under white light irradiation. The catalyst containing STG‐3 exhibited outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 93.06 % and 95.23 % toward MB and TC, respectively. In addition, the hybrid composites‐based photoanode had the most outstanding efficiency of 3.74 % with an increase in JSC. The performance is far better than pristine STO. The improved efficiency is ascribed to the strong interconnectivity, excellent crystallinity, higher surface area and high porosity, which results in reduced interfacial charge recombination loss, outstanding dye adsorption and better electron transport. Furthermore, a predicted mechanism is provided to explain the higher performance of STO/rGO hybrid composites.

Augmented magnetic nanoparticle assimilation in rGO sheets for tailored static and dynamic magnetic properties in surface functionalized Co0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 nanoferrite–rGO hybrid structures

This study focuses on the spin dynamics of magnetic rGO nanocomposites, revealing how optimized nanoparticle dispersion influences the spin relaxation time, spin concentration, and magnetic resonance, crucial for advanced magnetic applications.

Solar-thermal anisotropic zeolitic imidazolate framework/reduced graphene oxide hybrid aerogels for efficient clean-up of heavy crude oil

Heavy crude oil rich in colloid and asphaltene is widely used in human life, but the collection and clean-up of its spills are difficult because of its high viscosity and low flowability. Herein, the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8/reduced graphene oxide (ZIF-8/RGO) hybrid aerogels are prepared by in situ anchoring ZIF-8 particles onto anisotropic RGO aerogel for efficient clean-up of spilled heavy crude oil. The solar-thermal ZIF-8/RGO hybrid aerogel with numerous vertical microchannels is efficient in decreasing viscosity and improving flowability of heavy crude oil because of the high solar light absorption and solar-thermal energy conversion capabilities of the RGO and the increased solar light diffuse reflection path and hydrophobicity of the aerogel by ZIF-8. Under 1-sun irradiation, the surface temperature of the aerogel reaches rapidly to 70 °C within 1 min. At the same time, the viscosity of the heavy crude oil falls quickly from 105 to 103 mPa s, and the maximum adsorption capacity of heavy crude oil reaches 112 g g−1 within 9 min. Moreover, the hybrid aerogel exhibits satisfactory adsorption and cycling ability to various organic solvents and oily media. The excellent solar-thermal energy conversion and high adsorption capacities make the anisotropic aerogel promising for efficient clean-up of spilled heavy crude oil.

Fabrication of niobium selenide-based rGO hybrid nanoparticles by hydrothermal method for supercapacitor applications

The innovative development of electrode materials and their application through compositing offers promising opportunities for advancing the efficiency of future energy storage devices (ESDs), particularly in high-efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). In this study, we examine the synthesis of electrode combinations consisting of NbSe2 (niobium diselenide) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for applications in supercapacitors. The successful integration of rGO and NbSe2 was confirmed by Raman analysis, which identifies characteristic peaks associated with both materials. The thermal stability of the electrode material was explained using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical investigations reveal that the NbSe2/rGO composite illustrates improved electrochemical performance. The excellent specific capacitance (Csp) of 1512.15 F g−1, power density (Pd = 275.5 W kg−1) and energy density (Ed = 63.76 Wh Kg−1) at 1 A g−1 observed in galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis. Furthermore, the long duration of cycling exhibits a notable level of stability (6000th) as observed by using the chronoamperometry technique. The NbSe2/rGO composite exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance and notable structural characteristics, making it a desirable candidate for application in supercapacitors (SCs).

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in aqueous solution under UV irradiation using NdMnO3:rGO hybrid nanocomposites as a photocatalyst

Nanostructured NdMnO3:rGO samples were synthesized via the ultrasonicated sol-gel method by adding rGO concentrations (0–20 wt.%). The formation of a pure orthorhombic structure having a “pnma” space group confirmed the absence of any secondary phase of nanocomposites. The bandgap of NdMnO3:rGO was determined from Tauc's plot to be 2.20–1.74 eV concerning the rGO concentrations. The highest photocatalytic degradation rate was achieved to be 0.530 for the particular rGO concentration of 20 wt.%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of NdMnO3:rGO nanocomposite is attributed to the higher separation efficiency of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and the extensive surface contact between rGO and NdMnO3. These findings convincingly show that the NdMnO3:rGO photocatalysts possess great potential for UV–visible light-driven photodegradation of MB.

Enhancing out-of-plane thermal conductivity of polyimide-based composites via the construction of inter-external dual heat conduction network by binary fillers

Polyimide (PI) materials have found widespread utilization in advanced electronic systems. PIs with enhanced out-of-plane thermal conductivity (K⊥) are urgently required to address the rising need for heat dissipation. However, their production remains a formidable challenge due to the difficulty of constructing heat transmission channels along the thickness direction. This study introduces an innovative approach to enhance the K⊥ values of PI-based composites by utilizing binary fillers to construct an inter-external dual heat conduction network. To achieve this, we first prepared PI/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid microspheres via solution mixing and precipitation. The microspheres were then coated with boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) by self-assembly to form a core-shell architecture. This assembly undergoes further refinement via cold-pressing and subsequent densification through hot-pressing, ultimately producing the (PI/rGO)@BNNS composites. This strategy improved K⊥ values significantly, with a 13-fold and 3-fold increase in the K⊥ value (3.98 W m−1 K−1) in comparison to pure PI (0.31 W m−1 K−1) and the random distribution composite (1.45 W m−1 K−1), respectively. The finite element analysis confirmed that the synergistic effect of rGO inside the PI phase and BNNS outside the PI phase greatly increased the heat transfer in PI-based composites. When utilized as a thermal interface material (TIM) for LED bulbs, the (PI/rGO)@BNNS composites exhibit an excellent heat dissipation capacity. Additionally, the prepared composites also maintain electrical insulation and present a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion. Overall, our work provides a simple and efficient technique for enhancing the out-of-plane thermal conductivity and maintain the electrical insulation of high-performance PI-based materials, which could have broad application potential in next-generation electronic devices.

Investigation on fatigue life of HAp and rGO hybrid coating on the PEEK artificial screws for dental implant

The mechanical behaviour of dental implants is crucial to their long-term endurance. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of dental implants, mechanical and biological concerns revealed in long-term follow-up studies continue to be a cause for concern. Screw loosening, which is usually caused by masticatory pressures when chewing, and peri-implantitis owing to microleakage are two of them, and if left untreated, they can lead to gradual loss of the supporting crestal bone. This study investigated the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid coatings on the threads of a dental implant retention screw made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). HAp with different concentrations of rGO (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%) coatings were investigated. The clamping force (CF) and coefficient of friction (COF) of the screw thread pair, as well as the single load fracture and dynamic fatigue life tests, were assessed to determine the integrity of the implant thread connection. The screw fracture mechanism and screw thread surface erosion morphology were also studied. The results revealed that C4 (HAp/rGO) coating might minimize COF, improve CF, and reduce fracture load. Furthermore, it demonstrated better anti-loosening properties under dynamic load. Most screw fractures happen on the screw's initial thread. The fracture end of a C3 combination coated screw was easily removed, but not that of a C4 combination coated screw.

Synergistic nanostructuring of CoNi-carbide/reduced graphene oxide derived from porous coordination polymers for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for nanostructuring inorganic functional materials with applications in energy storage. In this study, our aim was to synthesize CoNi-carbide (CoNi-C)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrids by annealing CoNi-cyanide bridged coordination polymers (CoNi-CP) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting CoNi-C/rGO hybrids exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance, surpassing the individual components (CoNi-C and rGO). The hybrids demonstrated a specific capacitance of 1177 F g−1 and an electroactive surface area of 130.87 m2 g−1. By optimizing the CoNi-C/rGO ratio, we achieved the highest specific capacitance. Furthermore, we constructed a coin cell using CoNi-C/rGO-2 as the positive electrode and rGO as the negative electrode, which showed excellent performance with an energy density of 31.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 750 W kg−1 and capacitive retention of 84 % over 8000 charging cycles. Our findings provide valuable insights into designing and developing high-performance electrode materials for energy storage, with potential applications in various devices.

Development of Hybrid Electrodes Based on a Ti/TiO2 Mesoporous/Reduced Graphene Oxide Structure for Enhanced Electrochemical Applications

Titanium/TiO2 mesoporous/reduced graphene oxide structure for construction of a hybrid electrode was successfully developed using a facile and effective spin-coating technique. The as-prepared structures were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, RAMAN analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with elemental analysis (EDX), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the electrochemical behavior was assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a 1M KNO3 supporting electrolyte and in the presence of 4 mM K3Fe(CN)6 to determine the electroactive surface area and apparent diffusion coefficient of the hybrid electrode. The charge transfer resistance was investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte to confirm the role of reduced graphene oxide on the electrode’s surface. The potential application of as-obtained hybrid electrodes in electroanalysis was tested through cyclic voltammetry in the presence of doxorubicin as the target analyte, in the concentration range between 1 to 7 mg L−1 DOX. By using mesoporous TiO2 with a high specific surface area (~140 m2 g−1) in the synthesis of the composite material based on a Ti/TiO2(Ms)/rGO hybrid structure, was obtained a 2.3-times increase in electroactive surface area than the geometrical surface area of the hybrid electrode. These results provide new insights into the development of high-performance and cost-effective electrochemical sensors based on reduced graphene oxide films on metallic structures for applications in the detection processes of drugs from wastewater.