RFID Applications Research Articles

Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications

Design and Analysis of Dual Band Circular Slotted Patch Antenna at 2.45GHZ and 5.8GHZ for RFID Applications

Design and modelling of a compact circularly polarized antenna for RFID applications

In this article, a single-feed, miniaturized, circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna (MPA) using Koch fractal geometry for RFID applications is presented. The design consists of a probe-fed slotted square-shaped patch with the fractal edge and two pairs of capacitively coupled grounded metal strips. The proposed design methodology is validated by designing two prototypes (Antenna 1 and Antenna 2), which are operating at 2.435 GHz and 5.78 GHz respectively. Both antennas show right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) characteristics with 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) covering 2.433–2.439 GHz and 5.75–5.8 GHz respectively. This design leads to a reduction in the overall size of the antennas, to meet the demands of portable wireless devices.

Customizing 3D-Printing for Electromagnetics to Design Enhanced RFID Antennas

This document discusses some of the advances in additive manufacturing 3D-printing for electromagnetic applications that have been investigated in the literature in the last few years. Starting from the research activity of the authors on this topic, this work summarizes and showcases the effectiveness of the 3D-printing technology in electromagnetics, with reference to UHF RFID technology. Specifically, the first part of the work deals with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printing technique and faces the problem of the characterization of 3D-printable materials using a made-in-lab instrument based on the T-Resonator theory, which has been purposely designed to be 3D-printed. Once verified the dielectric properties of substrates realized with common 3D-printable materials, two techniques to improve their electrical permittivity are explained. Moreover, the possibility to realize fully 3D-printed RFID devices based on the use of novel 3D-printable materials with noteworthy conductive properties is discussed. Then, two new 3D-printed antennas are presented and discussed highlighting some of the advantages of 3D-printing in electromagnetics. Finally, the application in RFID of another promising 3D-printing technology called Digital Light Processing (DLP) and based on the photopolymerization of liquid resins is discussed as well.

Stepped‐impedanceslottedmicrostrip‐fedpatch antenna foron‐metal radio frequency identificationapplications

AbstractThe paper reports the bandwidth enhancement of a microstrip slot antenna for on‐metal RFID applications. Microstrip patch with a single conductive layer as wideband and conformal antenna is investigated. The proposed bandwidth enhancement is based on stepped‐impedance slot resonator integrated with an inset‐fed microstrip patch. Slots of different electrical lengths and impedances are configured to generate their respective and distinct resonances, and are subsequently overlapped to create wideband. Equivalent circuit modeling to characterize the antenna in terms of electrical lengths and impedances with respect to their resonances are investigated and reported. These resonances are optimized to overlap using certain numerical equations and the commercially available 2D/3D EM solvers. The resulting antenna is thereafter stamped on the external coating of the pipeline of an RFID specific application for signal monitoring and pipeline integrity.

Enhancing Large Dam Safety Using IoT Technologies: A Case of a Smart Dam

This paper investigates how to transform a manual monitoring system into a smart environment using IoT technologies. Large dams are of huge importance as water reservoirs and potential energy sources primarily because of their use for electric energy generation. Monitoring and predicting dams' behavior are quite challenging. Due to a variety of limitations, environmental obstacles and dam system complexity, the application of RFID, Bluetooth, and IoT technologies has proven to be an adequate, affordable and reliable dam safety solution. This paper introduces a comprehensive model of dam safety management and monitoring based on pervasive technologies. The model described in this work has been applied within the large dam "Iron Gate 1", on the river Danube in the Republic of Serbia. The results show that the use of new technologies in the dam monitoring process can reduce human error and improve overall process.

Localization of Static Passive RFID Tags with Mobile Reader in Two Dimensional Tag Matrix

Tag localization in passive UHF RFID has become increasingly important, since the RFID system was introduced. Primarily the localization techniques in RFID are dependent on precise reckoning. Multiple researches have been made to solve the challenge of localization of RFID tags. These finding differs on the basis of cost and reliability. UHF RFID system using passive tags is a suitable option because of low cost, high reliability and global acceptance. In this paper a two-dimensional tag matrix-based localization algorithm is designed localize the passive tags using mobility of RFID reader. The algorithm is based on estimation equations for localization of tag. The data is collected from the scenario by the mobility of reader and location is estimated by the using estimation equations. Results revealed that the proposed design gives the desired result with greater level of accuracy as compared to other localization schemes. And it can be easily applied to various RFID applications.

A differential low power wake-up circuit based on systematic offset for BAP UHF RFID tag

This paper presents a wake-up circuit for battery-assisted passive (BAP) RFID applications. The circuit is composed by a differential envelope detector and a comparator with a systematic offset. The differential RF signal envelope detector and the comparator are designed to increase the wake-up circuit sensitivity and to have low power consumption, improving battery lifetime. The wake-up circuit was designed and implemented in standard CMOS 0.18 µm process as part of an UHF RFID battery-assisted passive system, achieving a sensitivity of − 31 dBm and consuming only 150 nA.

A Miniaturized Compact Wideband Partial Ground Antenna Used in RFID Systems

In this paper, a new compact waveguide-fed flexible antenna is presented for RFID applications. This antenna is operated at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed with small size on (43 × 30) mm2 epoxy substrate material type (FR4) used in the proposed antenna that has a dielectric thickness of 1.6 mm, the relative permittivity of 4.3 and tangent loss of 0.025 where the FR4 dielectric combines good electrical features, price, and availability. The return loss is less than −10 dB in the frequency interval (2.1 − 2.98) GHz. The maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 2.47 dB. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth, and an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a small size has been achieved. The overall size of the compact antenna are (43 × 30 × 1.67) mm3. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio software is used for simulation.

Analysis on the Application of BIM and RFID in Life Cycle Management of Prefabricated Building

In the whole life cycle of prefabricated building construction, the application of BIM and RFID technology can solve the problems that traditional architectural design and construction methods cannot solve, by improving the precision and efficiency of architectural design and construction and guaranteeing the construction quality of buildings. In this paper, the application value of BIM and RFID technology in the whole life cycle of fabricated buildings is systematically analyzed. And this article explores the methods for participants to edit the building information model in a timely manner and the technical system for communicating and connecting information data at each stage. Finally, it provides theoretical support for the development of life cycle management of prefabricated buildings.

Additively Manufactured RF Devices for 5G, IoT, RFID, WSN, and Smart City Applications

With the development of inkjet-/3D-/4D-printing additive manufacturing technologies, flexible 3D substrate with complex structures can be patterned with dielectric, conductive and semi-conductive materials to realize novel RF designs. This paper provides a review of state-of-the-art additively manufactured passive RF devices including antennas and frequency selective surfaces (FSS), couplers, where origami-inspired structure enables unprecedented capabilities of on-demand continuous frequency tunability and deployability. This paper also discusses additively manufactured active RF modules and systems such as inkjet printed RF energy harvester system with high sensitivity and efficiency for Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities and wireless sensor networks (WSN) applications, inkjet-printed RF front ends, and inkjet-printed mm-wave backscatter modules.

Design of a meandered line microstrip antenna with a slotted ground plane for RFID applications

In this article, the design and analysis of a meandered line monopole antenna with a defected ground structure (DGS) for RFID applications are investigated. In the proposed antenna, the linearly polarized meandered line acts as the main radiator whereas the inverted C-shaped patch acts as a parasitic element. The defects on the ground plane are responsible for providing low pass filter performance. From the measurement, it is found that the antenna operates over the frequency range of 5.74 GHz–6 GHz with a resonating frequency at 5.82 GHz. The designed antenna structure shows omnidirectional radiation characteristics with the realized gain value greater than 4 dBi in the entire operating frequency range. It has an overall dimension of 0.55λ0 × 0.55λ0 × 0.03λ0 at resonating frequency which is effectively fit for use in RFID readers operating at 5.82 GHz ISM band.

A symmetric D flip-flop based PUF with improved uniqueness

Physically unclonable functions (PUF) emerged as security primitives that generate high entropy, temper resilient bits for security applications. However, the implementation area budget limits their use in lightweight applications such as IoT, RFID, and biomedical applications. In the form of SRAM or D flip-flop, intrinsic PUFs are abundantly available in almost all of the designs. Being an integral part of the design, they can be used with compromised performance. In this work, to address the usage of intrinsic PUF, a D flip-flop based lightweight PUF is proposed. The proposed architecture is implemented on 40 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that it offers a uniqueness of 0.502 and the worst-case reliability of 95.89% at high temperature 125 °C and 97.89% at a supply voltage of 1.2 V. To evaluate the performance of various PUF architectures, A novel term, the uniqueness-to-reliability ratio, is proposed. When compared to the conventional D flip-flop, it offers 4.491 times more uniqueness and 127.74 times more uniqueness-to-reliability ratio with the same layout area. Since it uses the symmetrical structure, unlike other architectures, the proposed architecture does not require any post-processing schemes for bias removal, which further saves the silicon area. To verify the functional correctness of the simulation results, an FPGA implementation of the conventional and proposed D Flip-flop is also presented.

Development of intelligent warehouse management system based on Internet of things technology

With the development of electric power enterprises, the types and quantity of storage management materials are also increasing. With the rapid increase of warehousing frequency, warehousing management is very complex and diversified. The traditional manual warehouse operation mode has been difficult to meet the rapid storage management, which will seriously affect the operation efficiency of enterprises. By improving the intelligent warehouse management system, we must use RFID application technology, visualization technology, etc., which will improve the efficiency of material management. By reducing the cost of material management, we will achieve the optimal management of warehouse materials. Firstly, this paper analyzes the development trend of storage management and RFID technology. Then, the whole idea of system design is established.

Analysis and Design of Circularly Polarized Capacitively-Fed Planar Suspended Antenna for Universal UHF RFID Applications

Analysis and Design of Circularly Polarized Capacitively-Fed Planar Suspended Antenna for Universal UHF RFID Applications

On the Application of RFID in ETC of Transportation Industry

On the Application of RFID in ETC of Transportation Industry

Comparing Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) with RFID Applications: Common attacks and Countermeasure challenges

Comparing Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) with RFID Applications: Common attacks and Countermeasure challenges

Broadband Antenna Design With Integrated CB-CPW and Parasitic Patch Structure for WLAN, RFID, Wimax, and 5G Applications

This paper presents a novel CB-CPW wideband antenna design. HFSS software simulations reveal that the proposed design has a semicircle ground structure, transmission line, parasitic ground, CPW, relatively low return loss, broadband effect of 3.3377 GHz (4.8337 GHz-8.1714 GHz), double beam capability at 5.2 GHz, and four-beam capability at 5.5 GHz (5.8 GHz). It is compact in size at only 40 mm × 40 mm × 1 mm. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured to validate the simulated design; the results show a bandwidth of 3.38 GHz (3.95 GHz-7.33 GHz), relative bandwidth of 74%, and maximum gain of 3.87 dBi in the range of 5 GHz to 6 GHz; the prototype also achieves two and four-beam performance. Its working frequency covers WLAN (5.15 GHz-5.25 GHz and 5.725 GHz-5.825 GHz), radio frequency identification RFID (5.8 GHz), and global microwave internet access WiMAX (5.25 GHz-5.85 GHz) frequency bands.

Efficient hardware implementations of QTL cipher for RFID applications

Extensive deployment of ubiquitous computing devices brings wide range of privacy and security issues in the low-resource domain. Various lightweight algorithms are proposed to solve security problem for these resource-constrained environments. In this work, optimised hardware implementations of lightweight block cipher QTL are proposed in order to provide security with optimum resource utilisation. In proposed reduced datapath architecture, resource utilisation is reduced and it gives good trade-off between area and performance. In proposed pipelined architecture, encryption round is divided into two sub-stages. This design methodology significantly improves the operating frequency. As a result, this design is apt for high-speed applications. Moreover, the proposed unified architecture combines three key scheduling designs into single design for QTL encryption and provides flexible security. All three architectures are extensively evaluated and compared on the basis of performance, area utilisation, energy requirement and power consumption for their implementations in different FPGA platforms.

An RFID application for the process mapping automation

Despite the extraordinary progresses that technology has brought in the automation of the production systems, Business Process Mapping, and in particular the automation of this important activity, represents a relevant example of methodology that can still take advantage of this new trend.In this paper, a RFID toolkit developed to aid with the Business Process Mapping is presented. The main concept of Business Process Mapping and of the RFID technology are summarized. Afterwards, the RFID toolkit architecture and its features are discussed.In order to test the capability of the proposed toolkit, a case of study of a pharmaceutical company has been analysed. The relevant lead times characterizing the main phases of the production cycles are tracked and the flow diagram of the production process has been automatically mapped.

Efficient hardware implementations of QTL cipher for RFID applications

Efficient hardware implementations of QTL cipher for RFID applications