Time Of Revolution Research Articles

«I was in exile before leaving the country». Tunisia and the Feminist Continuities of Activism

What happened to the women who participated in the 2010-2011 Tunisian revolutions and subsequently left the country? While scholarly work has extensively delved into the engagement of the young generations who participated in these transformative times, there has been a limited attention to the experiences of women who subsequently underwent journeys of exile. This article seeks to empirically fill this gap by looking at the political trajectories of six women activists, spanning from their participations in the 2010-2011 Tunisian uprisings to their experiences in exile. Drawing on ethnographic research and life history interviews conducted between 2021 and 2023, this article shows the transformations in these activists’ political trajectories before they left the country. Furthermore, it outlines how, even in exile, queer and feminist activism has provided these women a space of engagement through a “multiple identifications” of their political attitudes and interests. Adopting a social movement approach focused on the continuities of engagement, this article contributes to two fields of the literature that have been traditionally studied in isolation: the literature on gendered borders and the literature on gendered transformations throughout revolutionary times. Finally, the article emphasises the importance of studying the transformations of meanings of engagement while analysing political continuities.

Thoughts and experiences of well-educated fathers about their role when breastfeeding difficulties arose

ObjectiveTo investigate how fathers or partners perceive their roles as new parents when confronted with early breastfeeding challenges, how they navigate these difficulties, and the specific type of support they seek from the Child Health Care Centre (CHCC). MethodIn-depth, individual interviews conducted with 12 partners of women for whom breastfeeding was difficult. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied on the interview data. ResultsInterviews resulted in three themes: 1) ‘It is a revolutionary time to be a new father’ represented a tumultuous time when fathers wanted to be involved in all decisions and part of a strong team with their partners. 2) ‘When a breastfeeding problem arose’; fathers questioned the sovereignty of breast milk and began to seek more knowledge. They experienced a strong social norm about breastfeeding that led to feelings of guilt for their partners. They felt helpless when their partners suffered and lacked support. 3) ‘Child Health Care Centre’s duty’; was instrumental, as knowledge and competence were found to be important for trust. The fathers wanted concrete solutions to breastfeeding problems and more conversations of support with the CHCC nurse. ConclusionWell-educated fathers desire to protect their partners as they experience suffering due to a robust social norm telling them that breastfeeding is best. This can result in them starting to question the sovereignty of breast milk. Fathers need support to help their partners successfully during breastfeeding. They want counselling to strengthen their role as parents and help them build trusting teams with their partners.

These Are Revolutionary Times

These Are Revolutionary Times

1916 in Ufa: Tatar view

The article analyzes the life of the Tatar intelligentsia in Ufa in 1916 through the prism of ego-documents and in the context of the World War I. The main sources are the works of Shaikhzada Babich, Galiasgar Gafurov-Chygtai, Saifi Kudash and Zarif Bashiri. 1916 was a jubilee year for Tatar culture – 10 years since the founding of the Tatar theater, the establishment of newspapers, the opening of a madrasah. For Ufa, such iconic dominants were the Galia madrasah, the Tormysh newspaper, and the Nur troupe. Particular attention is paid to the conflict around the Galia madrasah, the relationship between Shaikhzad Babich and Sagit Suncheley, as well as the daily life of the military period. The author concluded that the conflicts of this period were continued in revolutionary times. Some pre-revolutionary episodes were mythologized thanks to memoirs of a later nature.
 Fot citation: Gabdrafikova L.R. 1916 in Ufa: Tatar view. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2023, vol.13, no.3, pp. 97–117. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-3.97-117 (In Russian)

Reading for Time in How Europe Underdeveloped Africa

Walter Rodney’s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1972) examined, of course, how European imperialism turned Africa into a subordinate zone of the world economy. But beyond that, this essay seeks to show how Rodney explored, with Marxist and Caribbean tools, the complex problem of temporality in world history: how events in one conjuncture form enduring structures; how imperial power orders, and is reproduced by, ways of living in and thinking about time; and revolutionary time, in particular the Tricontinental moment. Rodney’s time conjuring was anchored both in that heroic 1960s emergency and in a tradition of challenging the constrictions of modern (imperial) time, alive in both elite and popular currents of the Caribbean intellectual tradition.

Time at Home: The October Revolution and Soviet Temporalities

AbstractThe October Revolution ushered in a radical, future‐orientated political agenda. Almost immediately, through the press, advice literature, activism and avant‐garde planning, a lively discourse on domestic life presented the home as a central site for building this ‘new epoch’. The home became the hub of a new and burgeoning Soviet temporality – a professed modern vision of time, which pitched the past against the future, embraced rational time discipline, pictured the world through a progress‐orientated teleology, and stressed mankind's ability to master time itself. While Marx famously refrained from outlining what communism would actually look like, the home and visions of the home provided a very immediate means of picturing the communist future – and how people would occupy it. As historians have started to note, the home became a temporal marker of difference between the self‐identified scourge of ‘Russian backwardness’ and the future‐orientated promise of Soviet communism. This was the difference between the fatalism and rigidity of old Russia and the intentionally disruptive mobilisation campaigns of the Soviet project. This article examines how visions of a ‘new way of life’ and modern utopian thinking on the home grounded a future‐orientated revolutionary ideology, making the promise of communism and new temporal understandings of the world tangible in the wake of 1917. But, crucially, drawing on the latest debates about time and temporalities, the article examines how different temporal modes can exist side by side in dynamic form – even in creative tension. Past and future temporalities, it posits, together formed radical Russia's vision of revolutionary time.

Sign systems of lust and slavery

Money is real. Few other objects are perceived with comparable attention. At the same time, its content, its mystery, evaporates behind its physical form. For every commodity producing human society money has been a steady companion since it emerged. (Compare Hanappi 2013a) Money forms, the way in which money took on its material cloth, have changed a lot. Money forms, the blood running through almost all social interaction, have been a mirror, a reflection of the essence of a society’s working. This paper is an attempt to look behind the veil that money forms as sign systems for social value produce. Thus, two concepts are the starting point for the investigation: sign systems and social value. Sign systems are directly coupled to the perceptions of human individuals. More precisely, they are connected to a society’s communication processes, including self-communication, i.e., personal thought. The mystic force of money forms, its resemblance to sexual attraction, derives from its root in direct and blunt relevance for each human individual in a fully developed commodity producing society. It can be redemption, it can be disgust. “Money speaks, wealth whispers” expresses this interface between individual and society and distinguishes how the force of the money form is transmitted. (This part can build on important work done by Alfred Sohn-Rethel 1978, 1990, compare also Ausubel 1968) The first part of the paper will develop a sketch of a theory of this interface, of sign systems as social systems. The second part will then focus on the concept “social value.” The perspective will be changed: what is beneficial from the point of view of the species will be the starting point for a discussion on how it materializes in certain money forms. It turns out that money forms follow an evolutionary trajectory, (Compare Hanappi and Scholz-Wäckerle 2017) leading through alternating stages of contributing to the stabilization of a mode of production and then actively destroying it in revolutionary turning points—just to give birth to a new form of representation of social value. (It is, of course, only a question of naming if this new form should be called a new “money form.”.) Finally, a third part shall provide ideas on the connection between the first two parts: How is desire and pain injected in personal perceptions by the interference of social value loaded money forms and how are vice versa these passions and grievances shaping the potential constellation of social value regulating institutionalized forms in revolutionary times? In conclusion this part will also present some immediate consequences of the theoretical results on contemporary global economic policy.(Compare also Hanappi 2020).

“Ozyn shigyr” in Modern Tatar Poetry

The article for the first time considers the most active form of modern Tatar poetry - “ozyn shigyr”. It is noted that this form is not identical to the “long poem”, it has oriental roots. In Tatar literature, “ozyn shigyr” with its unique thematic and aesthetic features was formed in the 1920s and 1930s in the era of experiments to create “new poetry of the revolutionary time”. The revealed features of the genre “ozyn shigyr” of this period are a contextual background for studying the functioning of this form in modern Tatar poetry. The focus is on the work of the young poet Lilia Gibadullina, the author of three poetry collections. In her work, “ozyn shigyr” occupies a leading place, the analysis of her most famous poems to the modern Tatar reader allows us to determine the structural, figurative and motivational features, aesthetic attitudes, artistic preferences of the genre. So, in “ozyn shigyr” by L. Gibadullina, the main place is occupied by existential-evaluative motives. The lyrical heroine analyzes the events of her life, and repeated symbols or symbolic images turn them into the history of the people, the country, humanity in general. Among the identified techniques, the flickering of motives and intertextual dialogue are important, with the help of which a multiplicity of contexts and meanings is created. Thus, it is established that the genre of “ozyn shigyr” in modern Tatar poetry has its own characteristics that arise in dialogue with the traditions of Tatar poetry and make its form different from the “long poem”.

Maritime temporalities and capitalist development

AbstractThis intervention develops arguments in our book Capitalism and the Sea on the complex temporalities attached to capitalism's intense and peculiar relationship to the global ocean. Technological innovations like the steamship or containerisation plainly transformed the pace and intensity of maritime commerce, and aspects of the global economy. We take this further to argue that the very origins and periodisation of capitalism are connected to the global ocean; as will be our futures, given the unpredictable implications of the oceans acting as the biosphere's ‘heat sink’. We consider several stylised expressions of time at sea: deep‐time, logistical‐time, life‐time, and revolutionary time suggesting that the ocean world as a geographical space articulates these in distinctive and contradictory ways.

Communications

Communications William Kinderman The review by Barry Cooper of my book Beethoven: A Political Artist in Revolutionary Times in Fontes Artis Musicae (Vol. 68, No. 3 [July–September 2021], 273–276) contains errors. Professor Cooper writes that ‘the theory that the Eroica Sketchbook was begun in 1802 rather than 1803 (p. 65) is based on flawed evidence and has been comprehensively discredited’. However, the publication of Beethoven’s “Eroica” Sketchbook: A Critical Edition, edited by Lewis Lockwood and Alan Gosman (2013), and the literature cited therein, indeed supports a dating of 1802, which has not been ‘comprehensively discredited’. Cooper also writes that ‘the contredance . . . used in the finale of the Eroica was not composed until after Beethoven’s ballet Prometheus of 1801’, which makes no sense since that very theme already assumes prominence in the ballet, to be later absorbed into the very different context of the symphony. Furthermore, the gripping narrative of Beethoven refusing to play for French officers and leaving Grätz in defiance of his patron Prince Lichnowsky in October 1806 is not merely ‘a compilation from a number of unconfirmed recollections’ but an event that can now be vividly re-envisioned from Beethoven’s rain-stained music manuscripts and from the diary of the young poet Joseph von Eichendorff, who reported ‘threatening weather from the West’ with lightning and thunder coinciding with the ‘bolt out of the blue’ of Napoleon’s decisive victory at Auerstädt and Jena. William Kinderman University of California, Los Angeles Copyright © 2023 International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centres

«Новое позиционирование» Маяковского Юэ Фэнлинем в Китае

The paper is devoted to the work of the famous Chinese translator and researcher of Russian literature Yue Fenglin. His monographs, still unknown to the Russian-speaking reader, “Mayakovsky – the literary master of the 20th century” (2004) and “The study of the art of Mayakovsky’s poetry” (2017), are considered in the context of the development of Chinese literary studies. These works systematize and summarize not only the entire work of Mayakovsky translated into Chinese to date but also the history of the Chinese reception of the poet from 1921 to the present. Chinese literary scholars regard Yue Fenglin as an iconic figure in the study of Mayakovsky. He brought a new understanding of Mayakovsky to the perception of Chinese readers. He was the first to propose the concept of Mayakovsky as a “poet of a new futuristic type,” one who put futuristic aesthetics in a new direction to reflect the realities of the revolutionary time and socialist construction. The theme of Mayakovsky’s influence on Chinese poetry is presented ambiguously, with a critical pathos towards literal imitation. Chinese philologists state that the Kubofuturism of Mayakovsky corresponded to the national conditions of China and the political needs of Chinese society. Attention is drawn to the impact of Yue Fenlin’s work on the changing direction of Chinese studies of the poet. Yue Fenglin should be recognized for his focus on futurist aesthetics, marking a turning point for Chinese researchers: from studying the ideological component of creativity to examining his poetics.

Литературная личность А. М. Ремизова в сибирской периодической печати 1910-х гг.

Based on the material of publications published in the central Siberian periodicals, the article examines critical reception of Alexei Remizov’s works. Particular attention is paid to the analytical reviews of Elena A. Koltonovskaya, a Moscow columnist who collaborated with the Tomsk newspaper Sibirskaya zhizn’, and Nikolai F. Chuzhak-Nasimovich, a leading journalist and critic of the Irkutsk newspapers Vostochnaya zarya, Sibirskie otgoloski, Irkutskoe slovo. Remizov’s works “The Indefatigable Tambourine” and “The Cross Sisters” are analyzed in the context of the realistic and modernist approaches of critics to art, critics’ dialogue with representatives of the literary environment of Central Russia. As an example of a lively reaction to Remizov’s works, the author of the article presents the view of an anonymous reader, who opposed the Irkutsk critic on behalf of the local intelligentsia, called “The Indefatigable Tambourine” “the delirium of a madman” thus demonstrating not only an absolute rejection of the writer’s artistic style, but also unwillingness to perceive new literary trends. The author devotes a separate analytical section to the reviews of Remizov’s works, presented sporadically and written without interest in the writer’s personality and works; Remizov’s legacy was analyzed in the context of the creative approaches of his contemporaries. Particular attention is paid to the parodies published on the pages of the newspapers Sibirskie otgoloski (Tomsk) and Vechernie izvestiya (Irkutsk) in 1910 and 1918. In line with the editorial policy of the newspapers, oriented mainly towards the mass reader, who got an idea of the writer from publications in the press, parodies of contemporary authors’ works were perceived as a vivid characteristic, a kind of a literary portrait. The texts dedicated to Remizov ridiculed the specificity of his language and style, the peculiarities of his creative manner. His socio-political position, which was voiced in one of the key and iconic texts of the revolutionary time, “The Commandment to the Russian People”, was presented to the reader in an absolutely destructive ironic manner, distorting Remizov’s idea. As a result of the analysis, the author came to the conclusion about the formation of a controversial opinion about Remizov’s art, which developed both among the profane readers and the intellectuals. On the one hand, the analytical performances of Koltonovskaya and Chuzhak- Nasimovich contributed to the emergence of a deep and conscious appreciation of Remizov’s works; on the other hand, sporadic parodic critical responses deprived the reader of the opportunity to form a holistic view of the constants of the writer’s artistic world. Unlike numerous reviews published in St. Petersburg and Moscow, where Remizov’s artistic practices were perceived in the context of the contemporary historical and literary atmosphere, and the critics were analyzing the genesis of the author’s creative world, the publications of Siberian journalists aroused in readers feelings of antipathy, misunderstanding and rejection of Remizov’s manner rather than a desire to comprehend the specifics of the writer’s gift.

Hungry for Revolution: The Politics of Food and the Making of Modern Chile

Hungry for Revolution: The Politics of Food and the Making of Modern Chile

Ukrainian Women Artists in Revolutionary Times

Ukrainian Women Artists in Revolutionary Times

Мотив противостояния человека болезни COVID-19 в новейших стихотворениях Александра Городницкого, Дмитрия Быкова, Дмитрия Данилова

Alexander Gorodnitsky, Dmitry Bykov, and Dmitry Danilov are among the first modern Russian poets to problematize and transfer into an aesthetic space the previously unknown disease that has spread across the whole world – COVID-19. Analysis of selected works has made it possible to highlight the general motif of human confrontation with the disease. The figurative system of the confrontation correlates with the aesthetics of depicting war, revolution, political races, duels, or sports matches. Gorodnitsky uses stable associations connected with the image of the Great Patriotic War. Bykov compares fear of the unknown in a pandemic with fear associated with revolutionary time, and also identifies the head of state with a deadly disease. Finally, Danilov focuses his attention on the existential dimension of the struggle, as well as on the thoughts and inner experiences of a modern man.All three authors are mindful of Russian literary tradition. The sources of inspiration for them were mainly the Russian classics: Pushkin, Nekrasov, Blok. The lyric compositions analysed in the article can certainly be considered as a prelude to the further development of the topic of the Coronavirus pandemic.

Mobilizing the Past in Revolutionary Times: Memory, Counter‐Memory, and Nostalgia During the Lebanese Uprising

Social movement studies have addressed the issue of nostalgia within two perspectives, focusing, respectively, on emotions and on memory. Our contribution looks at nostalgia in social movements by building upon the combination of these two streams in social movement studies. Going beyond a stereotypical vision of reactionary movements as backward looking and progressive ones as forward looking, we will suggest that while both types of movements look at some aspects of the past with nostalgia, they do it in a very different combination of emotions and memory. To compare how different movements perform their emotional and memory work, we focused on the recent uprising in Lebanon as a critical case in which mobilizations and counter‐mobilizations have been carried out by different actors at the same time. In both cases, nostalgia was strategically developed for different moments of Lebanon's history through the movements' choices of the very spaces for the performance of contentious acts, but also the symbolic meaning attributed to them and the emotional work performed around the protest events. By developing a “tick description” of some main contentious moments where nostalgia emerged in the Lebanon uprisings, we aim to understand the ways in which nostalgia intervenes in the social construction of memories and counter‐memories, in an emotionally dense environment.

Foundational women in planetary geomorphology: Some contributions in fluvial, aeolian, and (cryo)volcanic subdisciplines

AbstractDespite undeserved challenges to participation in the field of planetary geomorphology, women have made significant contributions in the fluvial, aeolian, and (cryo)volcanic subdisciplines. In this work, some women—in particular, women of color—are highlighted to show a part of these foundational contributions. We focused on women scientists who were working in the latter half of the 20th century, a revolutionary time for terrestrial geomorphology and the inception of the discipline of planetary geomorphology. We also focused on women working in our scientific subdisciplines so that we could provide proper context for their work. These contributions have occurred both as discoveries in terrestrial geomorphology leading to follow‐on discoveries in planetary geomorphology and through serving as educators and role models. With women increasingly achieving positions of influence both in the geo‐ and planetary sciences as in American society, this research allows us to celebrate these contributions of women and particularly women of color while looking forward to a more complete record of their past contributions and greater future achievements.

Birthmark Effect: Founder Status and Firm Survival in Revolutionary Russia, 1861-1914

Status research typically assumes that status hierarchy is legitimate and stable, but this assumption may not hold during social revolutions which destabilize political, economic, and social institutions. We predict that, during revolutionary times, businesses whose founders are linked to a declining “power elite” group have higher failure rates than businesses without such a “status birthmark.” Moreover, this status birthmark effect is stronger for larger businesses whose resources and salient identity could become their liability. We tested these hypotheses by examining business survival in late Imperial Russia (1861-1914), one of the major revolutionary times in world history. Results show that firms whose founders were from the declining “power elites” (nobles, government officials, and military officers) were more likely to fail during this period than other status groups (e.g., merchants), and this risk was stronger for larger firms. Our study highlights how a once coveted status symbol may become a liability for businesses during radical institutional changes. Keywords: Status; Founder; Social Revolution; Institutional Change; Organizational History

Laughing at revolutionary times: the socio-linguistic and pragmatic functions of Jordanian political humour after the Arab Spring

ABSTRACT This article investigates the socio-linguistic and pragmatic functions of Jordanian political humour after the Arab Spring revolutions from the perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnival and the carnivalesque (folk humour). The analysis undertaken here of Jordanian political humour reveals a peculiar use of carnivalesque political humour via the use of humour as a socio-linguistic and pragmatic device that allows the ridicule of the government but not of the monarch. This occurs through the use of (1) conversational implicature, (2) rhetorical question, (3) malapropism, (4) taboo language and (5) reference and inference. This humour appears to be a form of ‘licensed disruption,’ an idea that is used extensively by some scholars of Bakhtin to talk about the popular politics of resistance and its limits and targets – what can and cannot be said within legal frameworks and societal expectations. Such humour, I found, has constantly called for reform of the government but not for regime change or revolution and has led to significant socio-political changes in Jordanian society, through which people are more willing to criticise and mock the government in social media platforms, such as Facebook.

Rethinking revolutionary times

Massimiliano Tomba's Insurgent Universality is a stunning book. Conceptually, historically, and rhetorically innovative, it shows how popular challenges to conservative and liberal forms of state-centered politics outlive attempts to contain and repress them. Tomba's reading of revolutionary declarations and manifestos in France, Saint-Domingue, Russia, Mexico, and elsewhere recalls experimental democratic practices that can animate contemporary political thinking. After surveying some of Insurgent Universality's key contributions, I ask how Tomba's argument could be extended in relation to recent debates about the politics of memory and consider what possibilities its anti-statism forecloses. Finally, I explore what gets lost in formulations of modernity that do not come to terms with racialized forms of bondage and dispossession and invite Tomba to speculate about how radical theories of politics might navigate between romantic figurations of democratic excess, on one hand, and a tragic preoccupation with aftermaths, on the other.