Theory Of Revolution Research Articles

Parkinson's Disease: A Prionopathy?

The principal pathogenic event in Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the conformational change of α-synuclein, which form pathological aggregates of misfolded proteins, and then accumulate in intraneuronal inclusions causing dopaminergic neuronal loss in specific brain regions. Over the last few years, a revolutionary theory has correlated Parkinson’s disease and other neurological disorders with a shared mechanism, which determines α-synuclein aggregates and progresses in the host in a prion-like manner. In this review, the main characteristics shared between α-synuclein and prion protein are compared and the cofactors that influence the remodeling of native protein structures and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are discussed.

The Lumpenproletariat and the Itinerary of a Concept: Some Literary Reflections

Abstract In their theory of class formation and social revolution, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels were scathing about the lumpenproletariat, condemning it as anti-revolutionary, morally bankrupt, and a bribable tool of the bourgeoisie, a view that remained influential well into the mid-twentieth century. Not until Frantz Fanon appropriated the term lumpenproletariat in The Wretched of the Earth (1961) and applied it to what he saw as a whole class of people waiting to be brought into and redeployed as the vanguard of a new revolutionary proletarian consciousness did it shed its negative connotations. The changed trajectories of the proper place and role of the lumpenproletariat can be seen in working-class literatures of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries, which constitute an important stage upon which to refine Marxian and Fanonian understandings of the lumpenproletariat. This essay examines three novels written in the last thirty years: Herbert, by Nabarun Bhattacharya, written originally in Bengali and published in 1993; How Late It Was, How Late, by Scottish writer James Kelman (1994); and Sacred Games, by Vikram Chandra (2006). Read contrapuntally, these works provide a literary platform for the exploration of the representational shift in the role and function of the lumpenproletariat in the twenty-first century.

Global Trends and Forecasts of the 21st Century

The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to become one of the turning points in the transformation of the world order, as well as many political, social and other relations in the World System. Undoubtedly, we live in a fast-changing world, when it is imperative to look beyond the horizon of current events in order to understand what tomorrow may bring. In the present article some forecasts of technological, political, as well as social and economic development of the world are presented in a systematic manner. The authors present short-term (10–15 years), medium-term (20–50 years) and long-term (50–100 years) forecasts (with alternative scenarios) based on the theories of long cycles and respective technological paradigms, as well as on the theories of global aging, production principles, production revolutions, Great Divergence and Great Convergence. It is also important for the topic of the article to show that measures taken against the COVID-19 can significantly accelerate the development of social self-regulating systems, which will become one of the important parts of the Cybernetic revolution.

Jefferson’s Revolutionary Theory of American Entrepreneurial Capitalism

We argue that Jefferson’s economic model of entrepreneurial capitalism is a more fair and just system. The main tenet of the Marxist hoax is to replace the current American corporate crony capitalist system with the state communist crony corporatism of China, which would, supposedly, end the White supremacist reign of terror.

Loving (Lumpen) Masculinities: Teaching to Transform Heteropatriarchy, Toxic Masculinity, and Urban Misogyny

ABSTRACT An analysis of praxis can inform how teachers treat lumpen masculinities performed by young Black men, who are some of the most socially defiant and alienated from US schooling and upward mobility, specifically, and other cisgender boys of color, generally. To make sense of heteropatriarchy, toxic masculinity, and urban misogyny in the classroom, I drew on Black revolutionary and gender theory, as well as critical educational research. This critical teacher action research illustrates how addressing gendered conflict as teachers is often messy, imperfect, and full of tension. Findings also suggest that this type of teaching benefits boys who internalize and reproduce gendered contradictions, as well as girls and marginalized others who are vulnerable to these intersecting systems of oppression. I point to implications for praxis appropriate to healing from the raced, classed, and gendered fragmentation that oppressed people face under the current social system.

The Arab Spring and Revolutionary Theory: An Intervention in a Debate

AbstractThe so‐called Arab Spring of the 2010s that toppled six dictators has spurred productive debates about the character of these political happenings and their implications for revolutionary theory broadly. One such debate that appeared recently on the pages of Historical Sociology questions whether or not we are moving into a fifth‐generation revolutionary theory. This essay is an attempt to partake in this conversation, not only because my work is under discussion but because I wish to engage with some of the key arguments in the debate to clarify some misunderstandings and suggest ways that the Arab Spring allows for a new thinking about revolution and revolutionary theory. Whether or not new perspectives have emerged may be contested, but there is surely a need for them.

Popularising Croll: an opportunity for expression and creativity

ABSTRACTJames Croll (1821–1890) was a gifted scientist whose revolutionary theories had a profound impact on our understanding of the Earth's climate, ice ages and glaciation. While his contributions are recognised by an increasing number of modern-day scientists, in the public domain his legacy has been all but forgotten. Popularising Croll's story brings its own challenges: we know more about the science than we do about the man, and his theories do not lend themselves to quick and easy explanation. While Croll's scientific theories, presented alone, risk being viewed as complex and difficult to digest, his lifelong struggle against adversity is a compelling story with the potential for widespread public appeal. In recent years, interested individuals and institutions have begun to increase public awareness of Croll through talks and lectures, exhibitions, theatrical events and articles in print and online. There are many more possibilities that are worth investigating, in order to inspire and engage people locally, nationally and even internationally. Croll's story is fascinating from many points of view, and is open to interpretation by people of different ages and backgrounds. Perhaps even the gaps in our knowledge can be turned to advantage, allowing for imagination, creativity and expression.

Passive Revolution in Japan: The Restoration of Hegemony under Abe?

This article draws on Gramsci’s theory of passive revolution to explore the second tenure of Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzō from 2012 to 2020. It sees the high degree of political stability that Abe achieved as a contrast to the preceding two decades of Japanese politics and asks what accounts for Abe’s success in restoring Liberal Democratic Party’s (LDP) dominance in an era of enduring economic and social crisis. The article argues that Abe executed a strategy of passive revolution that incorporated two “faces”: an “outward” face oriented around consent and an “inward” face rooted in coercion. The former involved economic policies (in particular “Abenomics”) designed to appear capable of resolving chronic economic stagnation, growing inequality and other social and economic problems, restoring popular support for the LDP without undermining conditions for capital accumulation or empowering subaltern classes. In contrast, the latter involved various low-profile security and administrative policies that enabled the Abe government to dramatically increase its power while silencing or disarming potential rivals and critics. The article sees this two-sided strategy of passive revolution as effective in restoring LDP dominance but unlikely to prove the basis for a more expansive hegemony or a resolution to Japan’s organic crisis.

SEMIOTICA DEGLI AFFETTI E MANIFESTAZIONI FISICHE NEI TESTI MEDICO-FILOSOFICI DI HALLE

In the mid-eighteenth century in Halle the so-called doctors-philosophers tried to develop a scientifically-based map of emotions, which included their causes and their manifestations on the body. Thanks to their scientific rigour, to the literary quality of those studies and to the growing circulation of the journals of the time – above all Unzer’s famous Der Arzt – the subject was so popular that it became central in the debate on physiognomy and pathognomics which was so vivid in the second half of the century. These theories had a powerful import on literature, contributing to the birth of the new ‘character’ in novels as different from the traditional and stereotypical sense of the term as ‘temper’ or ‘nature’. In the field of aesthetics, the effect of these studies had important repercussions on Winckelmann’s revolutionary theories related to the representation and interpretation of emotions in art.

Bibliographical theory as the phenomenon of Russia library and information science. (On the occasion of Oleg P. Korshunov 95<sup>th</sup> anniversary)

P. Korshunov’s contribution to the theory of bibliography is discussed; the discipline structure and development stages are analyzed. The main principles of Oleg P. Korshunov’s theory are outlined: dialectical method of rising from the abstract to the concrete applied to bibliographic phenomena studies; the view of document communication system as a metasystem of bibliographic functioning. The theory also sees the contradictions/information barriers existing in the system of document communications as an intrinsic reason for the emergence of mediating social institutions (libraries, archives, bibliography, etc.), which mission is to establish correspondence between documents and end users. Oleg P. Korshunov also developed the concept of bibliographic information as an intrinsic distinction of bibliography from other types of information activity; he derived the modes and functions of bibliographic information and common patterns of bibliographic activity. The author specifies several rival bibliography theories: information-cultural (M. G. Vokhrysheva, N. B. Zinovieva), ideographic (N. A. Sliadneva), management (A. A. Grechikhin), semiotic (G. Ya. Uzilevskiy), and synergetic (T. A. Novozhenova). The author points to the conceptual diversity of the theory of bibliography in Russia and current unavailability of the single theory. The author demonstrates the achievements and challenges of the theory of bibliography within the framework of academic studies, as well as maturity of bibliography subdisciplines, i. e. theory and methodology of bibliography, history of bibliography, management of bibliographic activities, bibliographic methods and technologies. The prospects of theory of bibliography are specified as stated by Russian scholars on the basis of Thomas S. Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions. They unanimously connect development history of theory of bibliography to the bibliological and documentological paradigms (in different terminologies), while interpreting the future of bibliography in different ways though always with dominating technological issues.

Motoda Nagazane’s standards of Confucianism – between Confucianism and Emperor Centralism

This paper discusses the ideological significance of the activities of Motoda Nagazane who, in the latter half of his life, became an attendant of Emperor Meiji as a member of the Kumamoto school of practical science. Whilst there were trends towards modernisation and Westernisation, Motoda Nagazane led a conservative reaction attempting to restore Confucianist politics/policies. I scrutinise the theories of revolution and lineage considering the history of East Asian Confucianism and comparing Motoda’s assertions to the views expressed by Kumazawa Banzan. In doing so, I assert that Motoda’s consistent attitude shows that he does not approve of the theory of revolution and that he regards the theory of lineage as an established fact. Thus, he highlights the cultivation of virtues in rulers, adopting the stance typically taken by Confucian scholars in the history of Japanese ideology. In ‘Lessons of the Emperor’s Way’, Motoda attempts to support the meaning of ‘The Three Sacred Treasures’ through Confucian texts. My evaluation of this text results in the view that in this discourse, Motoda transcends the significance of harmonising the deep and difficult ‘Lessons of the Emperor’s Way’ with Confucianism, which is easy to impart. I deduce that Confucianism was positioned above all else as the absolute/comprehensive standard in Motoda’s thought and that his endorsement of the Emperor’s way was proscribed within the ideological boundaries of Confucianism. Through the above analysis, I conclude that Motoda was an anachronistic Confucian scholar who truly endeavored to realise the kingship politics of Yao and Shun in the early Meiji era. While it is acknowledged that he was lagging behind his contemporaries, it is shown that this seemingly backward stance emanated from his serious Confucian scholarship. Further, his assertions differ from the plain-spoken Confucianist Emperor centralism that emerged in later years.

Customary Law and the Revival of Natural Rights Reformism in Amelia Opie's Adeline Mowbray

This essay investigates the role of natural law within the philosophical debates in 1790s Britain over the origins and applicability of citizens' rights, an issue amplified by memories of the French Revolution. It marks Amelia Opie’s 1805 novel Adeline Mowbray as representative of a counterrevolutionary faction focused extensively on the rights of citizens, yet fully distinct from the theoretically grounded cosmopolitan vision of both the French Jacobins and their radical British counterparts. The novel serves as evidence that the British counterrevolution was not intrinsically opposed to reform, and that reform itself was not incompatible with moral duty and social good nor antithetical to a more nationalistic - though broadly based - conception of "rights." In fact, it seems to be presented by Opie as a conscious alternative to revolutionary theories of universal right, by 1805 viewed by many as the progenitor of the political violence that had ensued following the fall of the Bastille sixteen years earlier.

Kerry T. Burch. Jefferson's Revolutionary Theory and the Reconstruction of Educational Purpose New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. 201 pp.

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Marxism and the Solidarity Economy: Toward a New Theory of Revolution

In the twenty-first century, it is time that Marxists updated the conception of socialist revolution they have inherited from Marx, Engels, and Lenin. Slogans about the “dictatorship of the proletariat” “smashing the capitalist state” and carrying out a social revolution from the commanding heights of a reconstituted state are completely obsolete. In this article I propose a reconceptualization that accomplishes several purposes: first, it explains the logical and empirical problems with Marx’s classical theory of revolution; second, it revises the classical theory to make it, for the first time, logically consistent with the premises of historical materialism; third, it provides a (Marxist) theoretical grounding for activism in the solidarity economy, and thus partially reconciles Marxism with anarchism; fourth, it accounts for the long-term failure of all attempts at socialist revolution so far. In serving these functions, the revision I propose finally “modernizes” and corrects Marx’s conception of revolution.

Motoda Nagazane's standards of Confucianism - between Confucianism and Emperor Centralism

This paper discusses the ideological significance of the activities of Motoda Nagazane who, in the latter half of his life, became an attendant of Emperor Meiji as a member of the Kumamoto school of practical science. Whilst there were trends towards modernisation and Westernisation, Motoda Nagazane led a conservative reaction attempting to restore Confucianist politics/policies. I scrutinise the theories of revolution and lineage considering the history of East Asian Confucianism and comparing Motoda's assertions to the views expressed by Kumazawa Banzan. In doing so, I assert that Motoda's consistent attitude shows that he does not approve of the theory of revolution and that he regards the theory of lineage as an established fact. Thus, he highlights the cultivation of virtues in rulers, adopting the stance typically taken by Confucian scholars in the history of Japanese ideology. In 'Lessons of the Emperor's Way', Motoda attempts to support the meaning of 'The Three Sacred Treasures' through Confucian texts. My evaluation of this text results in the view that in this discourse, Motoda transcends the significance of harmonising the deep and difficult 'Lessons of the Emperor's Way' with Confucianism, which is easy to impart. I deduce that Confucianism was positioned above all else as the absolute/comprehensive standard in Motoda's thought and that his endorsement of the Emperor's way was proscribed within the ideological boundaries of Confucianism. Through the above analysis, I conclude that Motoda was an anachronistic Confucian scholar who truly endeavored to realise the kingship politics of Yao and Shun in the early Meiji era. While it is acknowledged that he was lagging behind his contemporaries, it is shown that this seemingly backward stance emanated from his serious Confucian scholarship. Further, his assertions differ from the plain-spoken Confucianist Emperor centralism that emerged in later years.

“I Don’t See It That Way Anymore”: A Qualitative Study of Significant Changes of Mind

The specific aim of the study is to explore the cognitive and emotional phenomena which accompany profound changes of perspective that people have. I would like to understand the change in a person’s thinking and in what way the person experiences these changes, whether it is a change in belief or a worldview. I would also like to understand whether external factors such as that facilitate these profound changes. Using a phenomenological approach, I interviewed eight adult participants in depth regarding changes to their worldview. I examined three phases of change, namely pre-change phase, the change phase, and the post-change phase. The themes I identify and describe include: emotional comfort and quiescence, and the precipitating event in the pre-change phase; vacillation and emotional discomfort in the change phase; and a return to psychological comfort and resilience in the post-change phase. I discuss these changes using Terror Management Theory (TMT), the Meaning Making Model (MMM), and Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions as useful lenses through which one can view these individual changes.

Kets, G. and J. Muldoon, eds. The German Political Revolution and Political Theory

Kets, G. and J. Muldoon, eds. The German Political Revolution and Political Theory

Основные подходы к проблеме хронологии теории «военной революции» в современных англоязычных и отечественных исследованиях

Основные подходы к проблеме хронологии теории «военной революции» в современных англоязычных и отечественных исследованиях

Toward a Regeneration of Revolutionary Theory

AbstractRevolutionary theorists are currently immersed in a critical debate about the future of the field. Allinson has argued that a fifth generation of revolutionary theory has passed us by without our noticing, while I have contended that it is revolutionary theory's fourth generation that is decidedly imperilled. Ritter and Beck – for their part‐ contend that we should reject the very idea of theoretical ‘generations’, and instead think of progress in revolutionary theory as a series of ongoing and settled debates about certain key topics. The pair contend that revolutionary theory has reached a consensus on two core debates: defining our object of study and determining appropriate methods. Contrary to this position, I argue that while there is much to praise about rejecting generational imagery, doing so necessarily entails that we also critique the self‐proclaimed ‘fourth generation' with which such imagery is intertwined. Furthermore, I argue that there does not yet exist consensus among revolutionary theorists about a single definition of revolution, or on the question of which methods to use. Finally, I call for a regeneration of revolutionary theory which moves genuinely beyond the generational mythologies of the past.

Technology basis of digital business-model with land assessment function

The chief purpose of the investigation was the creation and theoretical foundation of the main features of the technology basis of digital agrarian business-model, which allows to estimate the value of the useable land. Methodological information was theories of constant accounting, technological theories of scientific revolutions, and theories of stages of economic growth. We applied abstract-logical technique of research, modeling methods, formalization procedure and another approaches. The database included tables of annual accounting reports of agricultural organizations and technological maps of crop cultivation. We suggest the term "Technology basis of the digital agrarian business-model," which constitute a combination of three factors of agricultural production, which are closely related. These factors are soil fertility and technological attributes of lands; climate indicators; innovative technologies which use geographic information systems. The most important part of the technology basis of the agrarian business-model is the process maps of crop cultivation, which used as digital twins of real production processes. However, the basis also includes the annual accounting report of agricultural organizations using the software products of the 1C platform after their adaptation. Adaptation of 1C-accounting platform applications means the separation agricultural procedures and production costs between their variable and constant costs (this step is necessary to calculate the efficiency of applied technologies and economic assessment of used land), the creation of a cluster for technological monitoring and forecast of crop yield, as well as the introduction of a managing cluster in application. This last one is capable of evaluating the effectiveness of various innovative products, optimizing the use of available resources, combining the technological module with the geographic information environment. The main function of technology basis is to estimate the value of the used land based on balance between the correlation of natural to artificial fertility of soils and the correlation of constant to variable costs.