Revolutionary Base Areas Research Articles

Digital Literacy and the Livelihood Resilience of Livestock Farmers: Empirical Evidence from the Old Revolutionary Base Areas in Northwest China

Enhancing the livelihood resilience of livestock farmers in the old revolutionary base areas helps them to cope with the increasingly complex external risk shocks of recent years and promotes the sustainable development of regional agriculture. This study is based on survey data from 1047 livestock farmers in the Ningxia and Gansu provinces of the northwest old revolutionary base area. It incorporates the characteristics of livestock farmers and the elements of psychological capital into the sustainable livelihood analysis framework to construct a livelihood resilience index system. After measuring livelihood resilience, this paper uses a general linear regression model and a probit model to explore the impact and mechanism of digital literacy on the livelihood resilience of livestock farmers. The results show the following: (1) digital literacy has a significant positive effect on the livelihood resilience of livestock farmers, and the impact of different dimensions of digital literacy on different dimensions of livelihood resilience also varies. Additionally, this effect also shows the heterogeneity in different village clustering forms and different income groups. In areas inhabited by ethnic minorities and among moderate-income groups, the role of digital literacy on the livelihood resilience of livestock farmers is more significant. (2) The improvement of digital literacy has a significant positive impact on livelihood resilience through three different pathways: the “differential mode of association”, learning channels, and types of income. (3) Digital literacy has led to the psychological aspects of rural hollowing-out problems among livestock farmers, which is particularly evident in families with only one type of caregiving burden (either only left-behind elderly people or only left-behind children). This problem is more evident. Therefore, this paper poses that the advancement of agricultural and rural economic development in China should not only focus on the cultivation of farmers’ digital literacy but also accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure to ensure the long-term effective mechanism of improving digital literacy. At the same time, in the process of promoting digital rural areas, attention should be paid to the psychological isolation issues that the network era brings to farmers.

Assessing the impact of the national revitalization plan for old revolutionary base areas on green development

Achieving green development in Old Revolutionary Base Areas (ORBAs) is an urgent task to narrow the regional gap and promote high-quality development. Starting from the dual perspective of development and environment, this paper used the Multi-period DID model to assess the impacts of the National Revitalization Plan (NRP) for ORBAs on economic growth and environmental quality, as well as its transmission mechanism, and to explore whether the implementation of the plan can promote the covered areas to achieve green development. The results find that the implementation of NRP boosts the ORBAs to achieve green development. The NRP realize green development through industrial restructuring, technological progress, ecological space governance, and public service provision. The ORBAs of Jiangxi-Fujian- Guangdong, Left-Right River, and Sichuan-Shaanxi, counties situated in mountainous terrain and with higher quartile of economy and environment play a more prominent role in promoting green development. This study provides practical inspiration and theoretical reference for ORBAs to realize green development.

Public support policies and entrepreneurship in less-developed areas: a study of China’s revolutionary base areas

Public support policies and entrepreneurship in less-developed areas: a study of China’s revolutionary base areas

Impact of Non-Agricultural Employment on Food Security in China’s Old Revolutionary Base Areas

With the growing trend of arable land abandonment, the potential threat to the security of the food supply has sparked public concern. In order to examine the impact of non-agricultural employment on food security, this study builds linear regression models for research based on panel data from counties in China’s old revolutionary base areas. The empirical results show that, although the impact of non-agricultural employment on total grain production is not significant, it has a significant negative impact on both area and productivity, which indicates that non-agricultural employment poses a challenge to food security. In addition, the study examines the potential benefits of non-farm employment on two aspects of food security, including intensive management and the increase of new business entities. Non-farm employment can also significantly promote intensive management, thereby reducing the food-security challenges brought by non-farm employment, while the benefits of new management entities are insignificant. These findings contribute to the optimization of economic policies related to agricultural development, including exploring land property rights reform systems to promote land transfer, strengthening labor quality improvement in the agricultural sector, and formulating supporting policies to stabilize non-agricultural employment in accordance with local conditions.

Place-based policy and urban green technology innovation: Evidence from the revitalization of old revolutionary base areas in China

Based on panel data of 282 cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this study uses the revitalization policy of old revolutionary base areas (ORBAs) as a quasi-natural experiment and investigates the effect of place-based policy on urban green technology innovation (GTI) using a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results indicate that the revitalization policy of ORBAs significantly promotes GTI, resulting in a 23.46% increase in urban green patent applications. Mechanism tests show that the revitalization policy of ORBAs can promote GTI through three channels: increasing fiscal technology expenditure, promoting economic agglomeration, and strengthening environmental governance. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that China's revitalization policy for ORBAs has a significant promotion effect on green utility model patents, but little effect on green invention patents. Moreover, the promotion effect is more pronounced in northern cities and cities with lower administrative levels. This study not only adds to the body of knowledge on the implementation effects of place-based policy and the factors influencing GTI, but also serves as a guide for policymakers in designing place-based policy and promoting urban GTI.

Improving the consumer welfare of rural residents through public support policies: A study on old revolutionary areas in China

Improvement of the welfare of rural residents of less developed areas is one of the key United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study uses the panel data of prefecture-level cities from 2009 to 2020 and a difference-in-differences model to evaluate the impact of the Old Revolutionary Development Program (ORDP) of China on the consumer welfare of rural residents. Results indicate that the implementation of the ORDP plays a significant role in improving the consumer welfare of the rural residents of old revolutionary base areas in China. Specifically, the ORDP implementation can improve the consumer welfare of the rural residents by increasing the local fiscal expenditure and narrowing the income gap between the urban and rural areas. In addition, the intervention of the ORDP has a heterogeneous effect on the consumer welfare of the rural residents of different regions, and the effect is larger in regions with high fiscal expenditure, satisfactory economic development, high urbanization, and small urban–rural income gap. The findings can enrich the theoretical basis of regional development planning with Chinese characteristics and provide a new reference for the policy practice of the sustainable development of residents in underdeveloped areas.

Promoting sustainable development in less developed regions: an empirical study of old revolutionary base areas in China

Promoting sustainable development in less developed regions: an empirical study of old revolutionary base areas in China

Evaluation of typical ecosystem services in Dabie Mountain area and its application in improving residents' well-being.

Research on ecosystem services and residents' well-being in old revolutionary base areas is an important task for China's ecological civilization construction and rural revitalization. Taking Jinzhai County, the core area of Dabie Mountains, China, as an example, based on InVEST model, the methods of spatial autocorrelation and coupling coordinated development degree, the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial heterogeneity and coupling association patterns of ecosystem services and multidimensional well-being in the study area from 2005 to 2020 were discussed. The major results are: In the past 15 years, in the core area of the Dabie Mountains, ecosystem services such as food supply, soil retention and water yield showed an upward trend, carbon sequestration and biodiversity maintenance showed a downward trend. The comprehensive index of multidimensional well-being in the core area of Dabie Mountain increased by 27.23% and the spatial difference in multidimensional well-being is gradually narrowing. By the analysis of coupling coordination, the number of units with the type of coupling disharmony between ecosystem services and multidimensional well-being in the study area decreased significantly from 56.85% in 2005 to 26.81% in 2020, respectively. The analysis of geographical detection showed that the habitat quality factor was the dominant controlling factor of coupling coordination spatial difference. By bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis, in the past 15 years, the number of units with the "high ecology-high well-being" synergy type increased from 5.44% to 13.31%. The results can provide a reference for accurate identification, optimal regulation and synergistic improvement between ecosystem services and relative poverty in the Dabie Mountain area.

Assessment of the deliberative governance based on rural revitalization in china: A case study of old revolutionary base area in Jinzhai County (China)

Deliberative governance has been the favorite subject of social governance with the aim of the development of old areas and the revitalization of red. So methods of empirical analysis are integrated to evaluate deliberative governance of old revolutionary base area in Jinzhai County (China). Results shows: 1) by principal component factor analysis, the top three observation indicators are X12, X33 and X21. Additionally, X42, X31 and X24 are obviously in a weak position and should be paid special attention; 2) by comparing the estimates of four potential impact variables in SEM structure model, it can be concluded that the impacts of X3 (0.795), X1 (0.655), X2 (0.613) and X4 (0. 516) on the path model are increasing in sequence. The study is conducive to help us better understanding of deliberative governance and following strategies are given: building a new governance pattern of “three-governance linkage”, highlighting the leading role of value concepts, optimizing the intervention situation of participants and improving the digital governance of deliberative publicity.

Study on Coupling and Coordination of E-Commerce & Logistics and Urbanization Under County Agriculture and Rural Digitalization ——Take Sichuan & Shaanxi Revolutionary Base Area (Sichuan) as an Example

As an important part of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, e-commerce & logistics under the digitalization of county agriculture and rural areas is conducive to consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and continuously narrowing the development gap between urban and rural areas, and is conducive to the revitalization and development of old revolutionary areas and the realization of new urbanization. Based on the coupled development theory and coordination theory, establish reasonable evaluation indicators, and use the coupled development model to explore the coupling relationship between county urbanization, logistics economy and rural e-commerce in the Sichuan & Shaanxi revolutionary base area (Sichuan) as a sample, and analyze and study the relationship between the three and their development laws. In the implementation plan of Sichuan Province for implementing the revitalization and development plan of the old revolutionary base areas in Sichuan & Shaanxi, it is proposed to build a number of logistics parks, logistics centers, distribution centers and third-party logistics information platforms based on regional central cities for trade logistics, accelerate the construction of trade centers and professional markets, create trade towns, and incorporate the rural market circulation system into the urbanization plan; For e-commerce, we should strengthen the construction of logistics distribution and other support systems, and actively develop county e-commerce.

Place-Based Policies and Carbon Emission Efficiency: Quasi-Experiment in China's Old Revolutionary Base Areas.

Regional imbalance is a typical feature of economic and social development in China, and place-based policies aimed at promoting balanced regional development may bring challenges to low-carbon goals. This study uses the panel data of China's prefecture-level cities from 2003 to 2019 to investigate the impact of place-based policies on carbon emission efficiency using a quasi-experimental method. Results indicate that place-based policies significantly reduce the regional total-factor carbon emission efficiency. The difference-in-differences method based on propensity score matching and entropy balancing matching consistently supports the finding that carbon emission efficiency decreases after policy intervention. Place-based policies lead to a significant decline in capital allocation efficiency but have an insignificant impact on labor allocation efficiency. Moreover, place-based policies result in the expansion of carbon-intensive industries but hinder the progress of the financial technology of financial institutions. Nevertheless, place-based policies do not lead to the deterioration of environmental quality. Among the advantages of these policies are the significant promotion of regional digitization and increased fiscal expenditure on science and technology. Political promotion, carbon regulation, trade policies, and other conditional factors may be optimally designed to promote low-carbon development in the old revolutionary areas.

Research on the Integration of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development under the Background of Rural Revitalization

Lu'an is a famous old revolutionary base area, known as the cradle of the Red Army and the hometown of Generals. The natural and humanistic environment is mainly reflected in its regional characteristics of "Jingjiang Huaijiang", the geographical location of "connecting the east and the west", and the beautiful scenery of "mountains surrounded by Yinghuo". There are many natural and humanistic landscapes and a collection of humanities in the territory. It is understood that there are currently 17 projects in Lu'an that are included in the list of "intangible cultural heritage" of Anhui Province. Among them, Lu opera, Lu'an melon slices production skills, Dabie Mountain folk songs, Shuxi production skills, and willow weaving skills are included in the national "intangible cultural heritage" list. Intangible cultural heritage is a new object of cultural heritage protection and a new way of cultural and social development. Lu'anlai has made certain achievements in the protection of "intangible cultural heritage". With the continuous development of tourism, it has provided good conditions for rural construction. Under the background of comprehensive rural revitalization, "intangible cultural heritage" is the potential resource of rural tourism and cultural industry in the future. At the same time, "intangible cultural heritage" is combined with tourism development. On the basis of protection, display, promotion and promotion, extensive aesthetic education is carried out to achieve the purpose of truly protecting "intangible cultural heritage", and at the same time, to achieve the purpose of continuously inheriting the cultural lifeline.

POVERTY REDUCTION EXPERIENCE OF CHINA (1947-1978): LESSONS FOR PAKISTAN

Poverty eradication is a critical issue that must be tackled as part of the world's economic and social progress. China and Pakistan have distinct ways of combating poverty. Since the start of reforms and opening up in 1978, China has taken a number of initiatives to alleviate poverty. The Communist Party China (CPC) Central Committee's decision on several major issues concerning rural reforms and development, adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the CPC's seventeenth Central Committee, proposed increasing support for the development of poor areas in old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, and border areas. The CPC's 18th National Congress set the lofty objective of completing the construction of a moderately affluent society in all aspects by 2020. The report emphasized the parties tenaciously fought for aims to lift people out of poverty. This paper attempts to explore and understand the causes of Pakistan's poverty reduction strategies and the elements that impact it, utilizing the experience of China's poverty reduction to identify the difficulties that have arisen as a result of Pakistan's poverty reduction process. This research shows that the poverty policies of China are more mature, which led the country towards progress and today it is one of the leading economies in the world. Similarly, Pakistan after its independence is struggle to tackle the issue of poverty and still could not get rid of it and this is all because of the policies of Pakistan which could proof to be successful.

Research on the Classification and Measures of Rural Household Waste from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization: Based on the Research Data of Dabie Mountain Old Revolutionary Base Area in Anhui Province

In today's era of poverty alleviation has been realized and then consolidated by the achievements of poverty alleviation, rural revitalization is the trend of future development, and how to achieve rural revitalization is the problem that has to be solved today. The revitalization of rural ways and strategies, but the current living garbage improper disposal or not timely problems will seriously affect and harm the villagers' health and natural environment, it is not conducive to rural revitalization, so this paper focuses on rural garbage classification management problem, from small, contribute to realize the rural revitalization. At the same time, this paper selects the remote village of Dabie Mountain old area in Anhui Province as a case, analyzes the current situation of garbage classification management through field investigation, finds the existing problems and proposes solutions, so as to provide some reference for the garbage classification management strategy of Dabie Mountain old revolutionary base area.

Research on the Party's Ideological and Political Education in the Yan' an Period

The Yan 'an period refers to the 13 years when the Communist Party of China was stationed in the old revolutionary base area in 1935-1948. Ideological and political work is not only a consistent fine tradition of the CPC Central Committee, but also an essential part of the education of the young generation in the Yan' an period. This paper focuses on the study of the content and characteristics of the ideological and political education of the young generation in Yan 'an period, describes the ideological deficiencies of the contemporary youth, highlighting the value of the ideological and political education of the CPC Central Committee in Yan' an period and the reference role for the thoughts of the contemporary education generation.

Advancement of the Qianyanzhou Mode in the New Period

In the early 1980s, to control soil and water loss in the rainy season and problems of water shortages in the dry season in the red soil hilly region of central Jiangxi, the academician team of Li Wenhua from Qianyanzhou Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a comprehensive muti-dimensional agriculture development mode known as the “Qianyanzhou Mode”. Since then, models for the forest-livestock-food ecosystem, forest-fruit-economy ecosystem, and land-water compound muti-dimensional system and others have been tested, demonstrated, promoted and used to solve major issues in ecological restoration and agricultural production. With the dawn of the new era, the Qianyanzhou Mode is being given new connotations. In order to reduce the use of pesticides and eliminate the use of antibiotics for improving the quality of agricultural products, increasing farmers' income, and assisting in strategies for rural vitalization, Qianyanzhou Station is currently focusing on the development of experiments and demonstrations of green agricultural development modes, such as forest-fruit-fowl, hybrid paper mulberry-pig-fruit, grass-sheep(cattle)-fertilizer-fruit, hybrid paper mulberry-fish-goose, paddy-shrimp, and others. The goal of this new effort is to apply the wisdom of Qianyanzhou to the construction of the ecological civilization, including ecological environment protection and the prosperity of farmers in the old revolutionary base areas in central Jiangxi Province.

Ecological compensation strategy of the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March based on ecosystem service value evaluation

The conflict between ecological protection and socio-economic development in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March can be addressed by ecological compensation. In this study, we collected 2018 data of land use, net primary productivity of vegetation, climate factors and so on. The ecosystem service value of 310 counties in the old revolutionary base areas was calculated using the data and modified equivalent factor. Then, the regional differentiated ecological compensation estimation method was applied to estimate the priority and amount of ecological compensation within the area. We further proposed the ecological compensation strategy adopted for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March amounted to 2593.74 billion yuan in 2018. Forest services took the highest proportion (58.8%), followed by grassland and waters. The total amount of ecological compensation made for the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March reached 183.405 billion yuan. Compared with this amount, there was a large gap in the actual compensation funds available to the region. In addition, the total amount of ecological compensation accounted for only 0.04% of the aggregate GDP in this area, which put some strain on local fiscal resources and showed certain viability in ecological compensation. In 2018, totally 100 old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March were designated as the priority areas for ecological compensation, consistent with the national key eco-function zone policy. However, there were deviations in the allocation of ecological compensation funds, with some priority areas receiving no compensation. As for the compensation strategy, it is necessary to put in place a diversified, market-oriented and comprehensive ecological compensation mechanism to increase the sources of ecological compensation funds at first. Then, efforts should be continued to optimize the spatial selection of ecological compensation in the old revolutionary base areas along the route of Long March and to improve the efficiency of regional ecological compensation mechanism.

The resilience evolution and influencing mechanisms of the "ruralism-ecology" system of tourist destinations in Dabie Mountains Old Revolutionary Base Area

The resilience evolution and influencing mechanisms of the "ruralism-ecology" system of tourist destinations in Dabie Mountains Old Revolutionary Base Area

The National Supervision Commission: A “Subaltern History”

This article explores the history of state supervision organs in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) from the early attempts to establish supervision organizations in communist revolutionary base areas to the founding of the National Supervision Commission in 2018. In the PRC today, the power to supervise the activity of state organs is not autonomous but is rather part of the disciplinary powers of the Chinese Communist Party. This type of institutional arrangement does not result from any predetermined path of historical and institutional development. While institutions should ideally work as predicted or dictated by distinct political philosophies or by models of institutional design, their development can in practice be shaped by bureaucratic politics and by variables endogenous to both political philosophy and institutional modeling.

CÁC CĂN CỨ CỦA PHONG TRÀO CẦN VƯƠNG QUẢNG NAM

After failing to attack on French military at Kham Su and Mang Ca on July 5, 1885, Ton That Thuyet took the Emperor Ham Nghi into hiding, and then later led the Can Vuong movement which was a large-scale Vietnamese patriotic movement. Quang Nam is one of the regions that strongly responded to the Can Vuong movement under the leadership of Nghia Hoi. The process of operation and development of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam pertained to the revolutionary base areas and names of many politicians. This research investigates the revolutionary base areas of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam, and also clarifies the contribution of the Can Vuong movement in Quang Nam to the Can Vuong movement of our country in the late nineteenth century.