Theory Of Revolution Research Articles

The Parable of the Tenants as a Sociolinguistic Medium of Agrarian Revolution

This paper deploys Jeffery M. Paige’s sociological theory of agrarian revolution to understand the collective violence of the parable of the tenants (Mark 12:1–12, Gos. Thom. 65). I begin with the idea that the parable involves a sharecrop-ping relation. I then use Paige’s theory to highlight that sharecropping systems in agricultural export sectors are not only correlated with revolutionary violence in Paige’s work (with statistical significance), but are part of the parable’s realistic fiction. I argue that the economic infrastructure of early Roman Palestine, including Galilee, and the violence in the parable are well explained by Paige’s theory. I also employ V. N. Voloshinov’s sociolinguistic theory of language-ideology to derive the central thesis of this paper: as a semiotic medium of social life, the parable functions as part of the ideological process that creates a fiction of a world in which agrarian revolution is realistic and acceptable.

총설] 한국 근·현대사를 바라보는 세밀한 시선과 담론의 좌표

In this issue of Journal of History , modern and contemporary Korean history research trends published in 2020-2021 were reviewed. During this period, researches on Korean history covering the modern and contemporary period increased quantitatively by 11.5% of papers and 24.8% of books compared to the previous two years. The keywords of the research trends for each period focused on Complex space-time, colonial society, and resisting subjects of modern society. Among them, I pointed out the mass-production of personal biographies of the King Gojong period, criticism on the March 1 Revolution theory, the origins of modern social science, and the current state of oral research on the victims of the Korean War.BR Regarding historiographic discourses, criticism of the modern long-term continuity theory in Korea and new issues on the division between North and South Korea were reviewed. Here, I pointed out that the conflict between landlords and farmers in the late Joseon Dynasty and the task of modern land reform should be included. In addition, I argued that the provision of an alternative system for the division of North and South Korea and understanding of the separation of the Korean people should be regarded as “today’s problems.” In the conclusion, I emphasized the responsibility of historians to recognize the problems of digital history concerning the outlook of history and to set the coordinates of discourse in advance for the establishment of a significant discourse in human history.

Neo-Marxist’s age-old experience: results and prospects of neo-Marxist’s capitalism theory

Neo-Marxist’s research program in social science exists in epistemological crisis condition. Excessive criticism, ideological engagement as well as final obscurity of capitalism are among the problems of neo-Marxism. As a result, there is no scientific answer on a key question of Marxism discussion why capitalism as a system of public mastery is still alive. Finish of crisis of neo-Marxist’s research program presumes presence of positivist’s finding in neo-Marxist’s research and applying of theory of complexity for efficient cognition of complicated system of capitalist’s reproduction. Complexity theory deconstruction of neo-Marxist’s concept of capitalism is realised in three main routes, such as theory of ideology, global order and revolution. There are three author’s conceptions overcoming current neo-Marxist’s problems are among results of present research. They are the conception of capitalist’s ideological minimalism, conception political support of global capitalism and the conception of ecological destruction of capitalism. Complexity theory deconstruction brings neo-Marxism back to scientific detection of objective factors of capitalist’s transformation within the framework of classical Marxist’s tradition but on the level of new theoretical and empiric determination.

La revolución como autoemancipación de los trabajadores

The article presents a review of the theory of revolution in Karl Marx. It is divided into four sections. First, it analyzes Marx’s early writings on revolution and highlights the decisive influence of the workers’ uprisings of the 1840s on his understanding of revolutionary praxis. Secondly, it points out that workers’ self-mancipation was a founding principle of the International Workingmen’s Association and recovers some key aspects of the enrichment of the Marxian conception of revolution resulting from the Paris Commune of 1871. The third section deals with Marx’s last writings, where he considered the possibility of revolution and the transition to socialism in Russia. Finally, the article concludes with some reflections on the need for Marxist theory of revolution in the twenty-first century to critically recover the preceding contributions and incorporate issues such as the ecological crisis in order to face the challenges of the present.

Couple disagreements and partnership stability in 10 European countries: Could differences in gender equality explain cross-national variations?

This article focuses on the association between couple disagreement and partnership stability. In particular, we explore the mediating role of macrostructural gender inequality on the effect of couple disagreements on partnership stability in a cross-national comparative perspective. We analyzed data from two waves of the Gender and Generations Survey (fielded between 2004 and 2011) to explore the varied effects of couple disagreements on thoughts about breaking up and on the dissolution of cohabiting unions. As we expected, the effect of disagreements on thoughts about dissolution was present in all of the countries, but its strength varied significantly. Surprisingly, only moderate effects were found on dissolution itself. The second step of our analysis showed that the strength of the link between disagreement and stability does not decrease systematically with the level of gender inequality in a given country. This means that an egalitarian environment does not play a mitigating role in the process of transforming conflict into a decision to divorce. Our findings support the argument of gender revolution theory that the unfinished and stalled transformation of gender roles increases rather than relieves the tensions in intimate lives.

Land, race, and (slow) violence: Indigenous resistance to racial capitalism and the coloniality of development in the Caribbean

This article, which has been informed by sustained engagement with an autonomous social movement and long-term participatory action research, offers a critical structural analysis of the Maya land struggle in Toledo District, Belize. We contend that state-sanctioned violations of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) reveal both the coloniality and misanthropic skepticism inherent in conventional ‘development’ agendas and the Westminster-modelled liberal state. More specifically, by drawing from revolutionary theories of race and decolonisation and placing the concepts of racial capitalism and slow violence into an integrated anticolonial frame, we explain how economic development projects and government sponsored FPIC violations are aiding and abetting land dispossession, ecosystem damage, heritage destruction, the criminalisation of environmental defenders, and disavowals of Indigenous governance. Ultimately, the piece illustrates how extractivist-driven refusals of good faith consultation with Indigenous communities in the Caribbean exacerbate environmental degradation, undermine Indigenous self-determination, and constitute contemporary manifestations of colonial power, racial-capitalist exploitation, and structural (slow) violence.

Az indiai hiányzó láncszem: a Mogul Birodalom hadügyi fejlődése a 16–17. században és a hadügyi forradalom

The theory of the military revolution was initiated by Michael Roberts in his writing on the state of the Swedish army in the 17th century. The advent of firearms fundamentally changed warfare, although the bow and cold weapons remained dominant on the battlefield for a long time. This is because firearms from China have only slowly replaced traditional means. In the 16th century, several powers began to use firearms almost simultaneously, from the Netherlands to the Indian subcontinent. Here Babur (Zahirud-Din Muhammad) was the first to use such weapons in the Battle of Panipat (1526). With this, he introduced India as a scene of the military revolution. The army of the Mughal Empire bore all the features of the military transition: in addition to firearms, they relied heavily on both cavalry and infantry with cold weapons. In my study, along with the theory of the military revolution, I want to show the development of the army of the Mughal Empire under the influence of firearms. I am also looking for an answer to the question of whether Mughal relations can be the missing link in military discourses.

The concept of the information field in the development of accounting science

Introduction. According to T. Kuhn’s theory of scientific revolutions, there are tendencies in modern accounting normative knowledge that lead to the accumulation of contradictions between the achievements of information sciences and imperfect practice of obtaining information resources for business. This indicates the need to develop a new accounting paradigm for the needs of post-industrial society.Goal is to develop a new concept of accounting science, in which the central place should belong to the theoretical basis formed on the basis of laws of philosophy, sociology, information theory, management theory, psychology, systems theory, expanding methods of collecting and processing business facts past, present, future position of the enterprise in a rapidly changing environment and adaptation to change, which contributes to its long- term existence.Research methods. The article uses not only those methods that are traditionally inherent in accounting, but also those borrowed from other sciences in order to expand the methodological apparatus of research accounting problems - the laws of dialectics, logic, historical and systematic methods, analysis, synthesis and more. The choice of methods involves the creation of the concept of management accounting based on the disclosure of the category of «information field» of the enterprise, which helps employees understand the management system, what additional information they need to manage and can generate for them accounting information service.The results of the author’s work are devoted to the problem of developing the structure of the concept of management accounting, as modern publications on this issue, in fact, are based on personal subjective ideas about management accounting models. Unfortunately, apart from general maxims regarding the organization and methods of accounting for costs and revenues in terms of structural units of the enterprise (cost centers), responsible persons (places or areas of responsibility), certain products and calculation methods, such publications do not provide any theoretical generalizations.It is time to develop, at least in the first version, the conceptual foundations of management accounting, given the typical structure of the information field, which can be adapted to the individual needs of specific enterprises.Perspectives for further research on the problems of management accounting are related to the definition of its boundaries and methods of regulation within the enterprise. This accounting should not be endowed with the prognostic function performed by strategic accounting in the controlling system. Its role is more modest - serving the information needs of managers of the operational level of management in real time.

The Military Revolution of Peter I – Quantitative Measurement

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the processes related to the modernization of the Russian army in the times of Peter I. Owing to the magnitude and historical momentousness of these changes, we have introduced the term “revolution” in lieu of the term “reform” used hitherto in historiography. It is significant and noteworthy that these processes took place during the regular frontline military operations of the Great Northern War (1700–1721), when the tsarist army faced the perfectly organized Swedish army. Methods. So far, theories of military revolution and neo-institutional revolution have been deployed to show the transformations taking place at the time. Without denying the previous research findings, we have presented the modernization of the Russian army in the first quarter of the 18th century in quantitative terms. Hence, we have chosen three issues – recruitment, armament, and the number of officers in the army. Not only is there a sufficient source base for these issues, but they also allow for the time function in the ongoing transformations. Results. The figures under scrutiny indicate that the success of these military transformations was largely based on the recruitment system, which was superbly adapted in Russia. This made it possible not only to establish a regular national army of more than 100,000 soldiers, but also to maintain its headcount during the war despite the losses that the army suffered. In this way, almost half a million soldiers were recruited in Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century. The article emphasizes the conditions that had to be met to establish an army that could match the Swedish adversary. A key element was arming the military with modern firearms. Thanks to foreign purchases, primarily in the Netherlands, the rearmament was completed before 1709. The organizational structure of regiments, battalions, and rotas was also reorganized, so that the appropriate number of officers, non-commissioned officers, and military musicians was adjusted to the total number of soldiers. With the introduction of military discipline, it was possible to reduce the group of officers and musicians from 18.25% (1699/1700) to 10.15% (1711).

Pedagogy of agency and action, powers of 10, and fractal entanglement: Radical means for rapid societal transformation toward survivability and justice

The practical and moral imperative implied by the climate activist slogan “system change, not climate change” requires a toolkit of tactics—from the strictly legal (which will vary by location) to the militant, from the individual to the global scale—that offer alternatives to the dominant neoliberal, techno-capitalist paradigm. Here we call for an expanded conversation as we present a triad of “out of the box” tools to help spur deep social transformation: 1) pedagogy of agency and action, inspired by Paolo Freire's revolutionary theory of change; 2) the Powers of 10 framework, harnessing the ten orders of magnitude between a single individual and everyone on the planet to examine and analyze interwoven social scales and systems; and 3) the motif of fractal entanglement as a tool for examining barriers and opportunities for social transformation at every scale. We argue that while there are opportunities for transformation across scales, from the micro and individual scale to the macro planetary/global sphere, decentralized, community-based meso-scale efforts to mitigate and adapt to global change provide a practical “sweet spot” between an individual human being and all humanity, between a person and the planet.

Nuclear balance and the initiation of nuclear crises: Does superiority matter?

The nuclear competition school, an emerging theoretical perspective on the political effect of nuclear weapons, argues that a favorable nuclear balance can significantly reduce one’s expected costs of nuclear war and therefore affect the interaction between nuclear-armed states, such as deterrence and crisis outcomes. This new perspective also presents a wide array of empirical evidence demonstrating the significant effect of the nuclear balance of power on political outcomes, thereby challenging the theory of the nuclear revolution, which argues that the nuclear balance of power produces no meaningful effects on political outcomes because no state can escape costly nuclear destruction. Little attention, however, has been paid to systematically exploring the effect of the nuclear balance on the initiation of nuclear crises. This is surprising, given that observable factors, such as the nuclear balance, should have a powerful effect at the crisis initiation stage because countries can observe military balance and assess the costs and benefits of entering a crisis. This article tests a core argument of the nuclear competition school regarding the effect of the nuclear balance on the initiation of nuclear crises. With original data on strategic nuclear balance, my statistical analysis shows that having a superior nuclear arsenal than another nuclear-armed opponent does not lead to a reduced likelihood of nuclear crisis initiated by the opponent. These core findings hold after conducting a series of robustness tests with various measures of the balance of nuclear forces. They encourage us to reconsider the persuasiveness of the nuclear competition school and offer implications for US nuclear policy and force size.

‘The human ocean of the colored races’: interwar Black internationalism, Marxism, and permanent revolution

ABSTRACT In the international Communist movement after the Russian Revolution, Black radical opponents of racism, colonialism, and capitalism entered a productive dialogue with European socialist revolutionism. This tradition was itself shaped by decades of theoretical disagreement around the relationship between historical development and socialist revolution. Common to the leading figures of Europe’s revolutionary Left (Lenin, Luxemburg, Trotsky) was an emphasis on the uninterrupted continuity of democratic and socialist revolutions in the epoch of imperialism. ‘Permanent revolution’ became a phrase associated exclusively with Trotskyists, but many Communists in different traditions professed affiliation with a flexible and revolutionary version of Marxism. As such, though the language of uninterrupted or permanent revolution was often absent from Black Marxist writing in the 1920s and 1930s, writers such as Claude McKay, Grace Campbell, C.L.R. James, and W.E.B. Du Bois articulated Marxist perspectives on Black oppression that similarly transcended rigid and economist versions of Marxism. Their additional emphasis was on the vanguard role of anticolonial radicals in the world revolution. As Black internationalists appropriated Marxism, they deployed a logic that helps to connect revolutionary theory in Europe with the intellectual work of radical Black internationalists.

Time, space and art: The Olympic poster and the chronotope

The visual aesthetic of the Olympic Games fuses time and space into the commodification of sport and culture. Rarely does poster art function beyond commodity and advertising. Spanning over a hundred years, the Olympics has adopted the poster as an artefact of the games, documenting the event’s spirit in concert with the essence of the host city. The union of time and space functioning under one aesthetic device, the poster, brings forth Mikhail Bakhtin’s revolutionary theory of the chronotope that the Russian philosopher and critic exposed in language and literature. This article will look at the poster not as evidence of the commodification of sport but as a dialogic medium of time and space. By investigating the nuance of typography and visual aesthetics of Olympic poster art concerning the chronotope, the poster elevates beyond advertising tool performing as a form of artistic dialogue within the culture. This novel interpretation of the Olympic poster as a dialogic exponent of the chronotope will reimagine Olympic art as temporally communitive. Specific poster examples will compose a conversation that reflects a nexus of time and space. Revolving around the intertextual temporality of Bakhtin’s chronotope, the Olympic poster comes to life.

Epistemological Foundations of Liberal Education for Democratic Life

This paper explores the epistemological justification of liberal education for all, and of foundations courses for teachers, set forth by Harry Broudy, the paramount voice in philosophy of education during the mid to late twentieth century. This justification, grounded in Michael Polanyi’s revolutionary theory of tacit knowing, reveals that such education and preparation, issuing in a capable and confident person, is entailed by commitment to equal opportunity and democratic life.

Борьба за конституционализм как предмет исследования социальной философии и политологии

Constitutionalism in this study is understood as a system of social relations that offer the domination of society over the state apparatus and the supremacy of human rights and freedoms. These social relations are based on a democratic political regime, a republican form of government, decentralization of state power, separation of powers and the legal nature of the state Under the struggle for constitutionalism is understood the transition from the pre-constitutional system to the constitutional one. To study this transition, it is proposed to turn to the philosophy of dialectics and materialism, to the theories of evolution, progress, modernization, socio-economic formations, transitology, and innovation. When studying the forms of transition, it is proposed to use the theories of reforms and revolutions.

Bridging theories of social and revolutionary movements

AbstractHow can theories of social movements and revolutions help us understand the rise of collective action, their tactical and strategic choices, and their prospects for succeeding? By reviewing past and recent developments in the literature of social movements and revolutions, I argue that in comparison with social movements scholars, structuralists of revolutions more accurately used theories of threat and breakdown in understanding what triggers revolutions and revolutionary situations. Nevertheless, because scholars of revolutions usually distinguish types of revolutions based on outcomes after supposed clear endings, they have missed important insights from the literature on movement continuity that might guide us towards new understandings of revolutions. Moreover, both fields have followed similar paths in terms of contributions and gaps in the study of emotions, spontaneity, tactics, and repression in collective action.

The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A State-of-Art Report.

The interest elicited by the large microbial population colonizing the human gut has ancient origins and has gone through a long evolution during history. However, it is only in the last decades that the introduction of high-throughput technologies has allowed to broaden this research field and to disentangle the numerous implications that gut microbiota has in health and disease. This comprehensive ecosystem, constituted mainly by bacteria but also by fungi, parasites, and viruses, is proven to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes that transcend the intestinal homeostasis and are deeply intertwined with apparently unrelated body systems, such as the immune and the nervous ones. In this regard, a novel speculation is the relationship between the intestinal microbial flora and the pathogenesis of some neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including the clinical entities defined under the umbrella term of autism spectrum disorders. The bidirectional interplay has led researchers to coin the term gut-brain-immune system axis, subverting the theory of the brain as an immune-privileged site and underscoring the importance of this reciprocal influence already from fetal life and especially during the pre- and post-natal neurodevelopmental process. This revolutionary theory has also unveiled the possibility to modify the gut microbiota as a way to treat and even to prevent different kinds of pathologies. In this sense, some attempts have been made, ranging from probiotic administration to fecal microbiota transplantation, with promising results that need further elaboration. This state-of-art report will describe the main aspects regarding the human gut microbiome and its specific role in the pathogenesis of autism and its related disorders, with a final discussion on the therapeutic and preventive strategies aiming at creating a healthy intestinal microbial environment, as well as their safety and ethical implications.

Meta Concept Of Horizon Ilmu And Its Application On Islamic Political Thought Department Of UIN Mataram

This article will analyze the concept of scientific integration-interconnection and internalization or the “Horizon Ilmu” in the Islamic State University of Mataram. This study formulates the implementation model on the curriculum of PPI Department. This article aims to combine Karl Popper's falsification theory, and the theory of paradigm revolution by Tomas Kuhn, with Ian Barbour's theory about the integration between religion and science. As an additional theory on this subject, author use amin abdullah's theory of integration-interconnection. This study uses interpretive approach, that Focuses on the ideas and the spirit and the implementation method that construct the political theory. This study describes conclusions. First, the PPI' s model of Horizon Ilmu, consist two fundamental discourses: the Islamic political thought represented by al-Madinah al-Fadhilah, and the western political science represented by democracy. Second, These two fundamentals then emulsified with the classical islamic scientific tradition. Third, PPI’s characteristic of Horizon Ilmu can be actualized through the reciprocal relation between these two fundamentals discourses in order to build the new academic traditions in the Islamic political thought department.

Menilik Perkembangan Tafsir Feminis di Indonesia Ala Thomas Kuhn

This study aims to discuss the development of feminist interpretation in Indonesia through the existence of Husein Muhammad's thoughts. This research method is qualitative through literature study with the theory of the scientific revolution initiated by Thomas Kuhn through an interpretation approach. The results and discussion of this research include a discussion of Thomas Kuhn's paradigm transition, the dynamics of feminist interpretation in Indonesia, the discourse of feminist interpretation in Indonesia according to Thomas Kuhn's paradigm transition theory, and Husein Muhammad's feminist interpretation. This study concludes that Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift is used in interpreting feminist topics in Indonesia, which have undergone a paradigmatic transition at various levels. Tafsir Al-Qur'an Indonesia has undergone a paradigmatic transition in the classical, modern, and contemporary era. One of the commentators whose work was mapped out this time was Husein Muhammad who was in the neo-modern or contemporary era. This research is expected to have significant benefits for fans of the study of the Al-Qur'an and gender. This research only raises issues related to one feminist commentator. Then, this study recommends that in the future a more up-to-date understanding of the role of feminist commentators can be generated through a comprehensive study of western thoughts that refers to the literature on the interpretation of the Al-Qur'an in particular.

The Comintern, Communist women leaders and the struggle for women's liberation in Britain between the wars: a political and prosopographical investigation, part 2

This is the second part of an article which explores and contextualises in revolutionary theory and practice the lives and careers of a highly unusual group of women, many hitherto hidden from history, who took a leading part in the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) between 1920 and 1939. The first instalment discussed the historiography and outlined a prosopographical approach to the subject. It traced the theory of women's liberation which informed the early Comintern and its national affiliates from its roots in the work of Engels, the German Social Democratic Party and the Second International; outlined developments in CPGB policy on the question over two decades; and presented a statistical analysis of 15 of the 18 women who figured in the party leadership between the wars. This second instalment provides mini-biographies of these Central Committee (CC) members. It examines their origins, ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, previous affiliations, political attitudes and career in the CPGB. Recuperation confirms that the group as a whole embraced Communism as a break with earlier women's politics – including those with direct experience of the suffrage movement. They rejected feminism but exhibited little interest in Marxist theory beyond Comintern pronouncements. Committed to the party and the policies of the Soviet Union as it moved from Lenin to Stalin, they were practical organisers and agitators who, on the whole, respected conventional gender roles. They exercised the right to be politically active, even in the face of domestic commitments, and engaged in the general activities of the party as well as specialist work with women. But they offered no explicit critique of the family, prevailing sexual mores or the subordination of women members within the CPGB.