Technological Revolution Research Articles

Advances in mRNA LNP-Based Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Formulation Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions

After the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary technology in immunization and vaccination. These vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy against the virus and opened up avenues for their possible application in other diseases. This has renewed interest and investment in mRNA vaccine research and development, attracting the scientific community to explore all its other applications beyond infectious diseases. Recently, researchers have focused on the possibility of adapting this vaccination approach to cancer immunotherapy. While there is a huge potential, challenges still remain in the design and optimization of the synthetic mRNA molecules and the lipid nanoparticle delivery system required to ensure the adequate elicitation of the immune response and the successful eradication of tumors. This review points out the basic mechanisms of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and recent approaches in mRNA vaccine design. This review displays the current mRNA modifications and lipid nanoparticle components and how these factors affect vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, this review discusses the future directions and clinical applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer treatment.

The Nexus Between Digital Technology, Innovation, Entrepreneurship Education, and Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Motivation: A Systematic Literature Review

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is renowned for developing students’ managerial aptitudes, skills, and ideas for self-reliance. The inclusion of digital technology and innovation in EE is necessary to enhance Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) and Entrepreneurial Motivation (EM) for technological revolution and economic development. The aim of the systematic literature review is to (i) identify the current study on digital technologies, innovation, EE, EI, and EM, (ii) highlight how digital technology and innovation shape EE to achieve EI and motivation among students, and (iii) offer new advice on the future EE in a digital era. A search strategy was instituted to ascertain the required publications from Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, IEEE, ProQuest, SAGE Journals, Taylor & Francis, and Wiley. The publications were between 2010 and 2024, with no language restrictions. Out of the 108 identified publications from the search, 69 publications representing 54 separate papers were used in the review. Digital transformation in EE requires significant studies to determine its role in economic development and job creation. This review identified several themes in the publications, such as innovation, motivation, skills development, digital technology, EE’s impact, and factors of EE. The sustainability and future expectations of EE through digital technology and innovation are highlighted in the review. The study identified several findings, such as factors depriving EE, such as experience, investment, teachers, infrastructure, technology, market size, government, competition, culture, and funds. Further findings are a strategic vision of EE through policies to embrace innovation and digital technology practices and to achieve EM and EI. Also, the selected papers for the review are current publications at 61.1%, the quantitative method at 42.3% and journal articles at 88.9%. It is prudent to review EE’s appropriateness in a digital and innovative environment and to identify the impact on EM and EI among students.

A model for sustainable development: Advancing digital food retailing

The technological revolution has driven food retail towards self-service technologies (SSTs). The supermarket concept thrived due to consumer convenience and direct food access. This qualitative study explored the modernization of food retail through new technologies, focusing on Canadian stakeholders’ perceptions. Using a grounded theory approach, it aimed to create a sustainable digital food system model addressing social and moral food access aspects. Findings revealed that digitalization in food retail is driven by economic motives and stakeholders’ desire for collaboration and partnership to support food access.

Theoretical design of Z-scheme photocatalyst for water splitting with excellent catalytic performance: GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction

In the face of the urgent need for energy transition, Z-scheme heterojunctions are considered highly suitable candidates for future photocatalytic applications, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic characteristics and high catalytic efficiency. This paper systematically investigates the geometric structure, optoelectronic properties, and catalytic efficiency of the GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction through detailed first-principles calculations. The findings indicate that the band structure of the GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction presents a staggered Type-Ⅱ band alignment and exhibits an indirect band gap measuring 1.75 eV. Charge transfer analysis reveals that under the interplay of an intrinsic electric field directed from GeSe to PtS2 and the band bending occurring at the heterojunction interface, the GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction conforms to the obvious Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism characteristics. This facilitates the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to proceed smoothly on opposite sides of the heterojunction. Across the pH range of 0 to 14, the heterojunction's band edge positions successfully span the redox potentials of water, and can still meet the hydrolysis potential requirements under strain. In addition, the GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction not only effectively compensates for the poor absorption of PtS2 monolayer to visible light, but also achieves a wider visible light absorption range through the strain-induced redshift in the spectrum. At the same time, the solar to hydrogen (STH) efficiency of up to 15.56% further underscores the substantial catalytic potential of the GeSe/PtS2 heterojunction, offering promising design strategies for a technological revolution in the field of photocatalysis.

Introduction to latent variable energy-based models: a path toward autonomous machine intelligence

Abstract Current automated systems have crucial limitations that need to be addressed before artificial intelligence can reach human-like levels and bring new technological revolutions. Among others, our societies still lack level-5 self-driving cars, domestic robots, and virtual assistants that learn reliable world models, reason, and plan complex action sequences. In these notes, we summarize the main ideas behind the architecture of autonomous intelligence of the future proposed by Yann LeCun. In particular, we introduce energy-based and latent variable models and combine their advantages in the building block of LeCun’s proposal, that is, in the hierarchical joint-embedding predictive architecture.

The Influence and Strategies of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Academia, Ethics and Society

In the context of the emerging digital environment, generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is quickly becoming implemented in different spheres of life and even begins to replace people in some professions. This means that GAI is leading a new round of technological and industrial revolution. The application and growth of artificial intelligence has improved the society as well as the economy and but has issued many ethical and social problems thus making ethical governance of artificial intelligence more relevant. To contribute to the further development of the concept GAI under the conditions of sustainable development of human society and science, industries and scholars around the world have started researches on this technology. However, as GAI is still an embryonic field, more research efforts must be directed toward this field in the future. Researched articles that compare the use of GAI to the effects on ethical and societal concerns will form the basis of this paper and the resulting discussion of the pros and cons of this technology, this paper considers and demonstrates the difficulties of students, educators, and academics facing the consequences of GAI development. Finally, it has suggestion for the governance of GAI’s next phase of growth.

R E V I E W of the textbook «Danilyan O. G., Dzoban O. P. Scientific research activities in the field of law. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2024. 269 p.» (Yurii Yu. Kalynovskyi, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Yar

Modern society can develop dynamically only on the basis of scientific research, which is the basis of various types of activity. In the information age, when science has become the main productive force, and the scientific and technical revolution is gaining an incredibly wide scope, the development of problems of methodology and logic of scientific research is considered one of the most urgent tasks. The continuous and constantly growing flow of scientific research, a significant increase in the number of subjects engaged in science - all this not only stimulates general interest in the problems of scientific knowledge, but also requires the analysis and development of new research methods used in modern science. Modern professional activity in any social sphere requires the skills and abilities of specialists to solve fundamentally new tasks, conduct research and qualitatively process information, creatively use the achievements of science and improve their qualifications. The professional activity of a lawyer is no exception. A modern jurist must use current scientific methods to carry out scientific research and to solve complex professional tasks.

A Research of the Integrated Circuit Design and Optimization

With the scientific and technical revolution going on, integrated circuit has been playing a vital role in our daily life ever since. In IC (Integrated circuit) design and manufacturing, layout of the integrated circuit determines its success or failure. However, the constantly decreasing characteristic size and progressive process bring about some new issues. That is why in post-Moore’s Law period, the design and optimization of layouts deserves attention of the whole industry. A properly designed and optimized layout not only results in better performance while using, but also cut out the cost of manufacture. In this paper, the methodology of integrated circuit layout design and optimization are discussed. For design, the author presented the whole flow of how the layout is generated and principles in integrated circuit design. For optimization, two approaches are analyzed. One is shorting out the critical area. Based on critical area theory and methodology of image processing, layouts can be improved in configuration. The method discussed here makes a modification on the previous way to make the optimization more accurate and efficient. The other method is inserting auxiliary polysilicon, which can counteract the impact of channel length change of MOSFETs and focus error as a unavoidable result of the process improvement.

Impact of the digital trade on lowering carbon emissions in 46 countries

Digital trade, as one of the vanguards of the global technological revolution and industrial transformation, empowers low-carbon economic cooperation on a global scale. This study based on panel data from 2007 to 2021 of 46 countries with varied development levels, constructed a multi-dimensional indicator system from six aspects: trade potential, digital infrastructure, digital innovation, digital skills and security, scale of digital trade, and digital trade environment, aim to measure the development level of digital trade and explore its impact on carbon emissions, followed by a heterogeneity analysis. The research results indicate that there are significant differences in the development levels of digital trade among countries with different economic strengths. Countries with stronger economic power and larger trade scales have a higher level of digital trade development, while less developed regions lag in digital trade. As the level of digital trade development increases, the impact of digital trade on carbon emissions will also change. Overall, digital trade exhibits a pronounced low-carbon effect, while its impact varies among countries with different development levels.

The Impact of Financial Technology on Accounting Measurement to Enhance Capital Markets to Reduce Tax Avoidance: An Empirical Study

Many countries of the world have turned to the use of financial technology in advanced economies, as this trend imposed by the fourth technology revolution that the world has known in recent years has allowed to improve the quality of financial services provided to the public of customers, reduce their cost, and provide them to the class of customers that were previously financially excluded. FinTech applications have replaced the human factor in financial institutions and financial systems in general, from managing financial risks, providing financial services to clients, and other tasks that require processing a huge amount of information and data, in a way that enhances the role played by financial technology innovations in Preparing and presenting the financial statements of companies providing these services quickly and with high accuracy in accordance with the requirements of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in a way that contributes to reducing financial corruption and audit failures, and limits tax avoidance, and that financial technology innovations lead to adaptation with electronic tax systems, and the researcher prepared An applied study on a sample of financial technology companies, and it became clear to the researcher the existence of a set of challenges represented in accounting and tax problems, the researcher provided solutions to them, and the researcher prepared a field study on the same sample, and it was found from the statistical study, the rejection of the study’s hypotheses and therefore there are no differences between the categories The study was based on the outputs of the SPSS program, Chi-Square, and the study ended with a set of results and recommendations.

Research on Chip Manufacturing and Fault Detection Technology

In the wave of the digital era, the chip plays a key role in promoting the whole information technology revolution with its core position in the development of world science and technology. As the cornerstone of computing and data processing, the development of chips has promoted the progress of the entire technology field. The chip’s manufacturing is the key to determining the performance and computing power of the whole chip, and fault detection technology in the production process is an important part of determining the product’s quality and cost. Therefore, under the background of Moore’s law approaching the physical limit, how to ensure the yield of chip production while continuing to improve chip performance has become a major challenge for the chip manufacturing industry. Based on this, this paper summarizes the key manufacturing steps of the chip. The chip manufacturing technology is comprehensively sorted from design to silicon wafer manufacturing, photolithography, etching, ion implantation, and other processes. At the same time, the research direction of monocrystalline silicon manufacturing technology and the existing lithography technology are introduced, including optical lithography, extreme ultraviolet lithography, electron beam lithography, and so on. Fault detection technology in chip production has also been introduced. In addition, the chip manufacturing and fault detection technology introduced in this paper is summarized and its future development is prospected, which provides reference and inspiration for promoting the continuous progress of chip technology.

Emerging Technologies and Applications of AI Chips: Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms with Advanced Hardware Architectures

Due to the ongoing promotion of the latest technological revolution and industrial upgrading, as well as the widespread use of artificial intelligence and deep learning, the intelligent Internet of Things terminal has reached a more advanced stage of development. The combination of training data, model algorithms, and processing power is the basis for advancing artificial intelligence. The semiconductor business plays a crucial role in shaping the future of AI algorithms and the computing power industry. This study explores the progression of artificial intelligence, and essential technologies, and examines the categorization and structure of AI chips. The process of deep learning was then analyzed, demonstrating the application of AI in real life. Next, this study showcases distinct AI chip-related models, specifically designed for the automated implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The study then proceeds to examine the unique procedure and the significance of the resulting data. The future of AI was examined in the domains of space exploration, healthcare, and autonomous driving, along with future forecasts.

Immersive technologies between technicization and human dimension: general aspects and applications

Aim. The paper offers an overview of the most studied and used immersive tech- nologies to date, considering the main applications and possible related experiments. In recent years, the technological revolution is profoundly changing humanity’s way of life. Immersive Technologies, in particular Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), are changing the relationship between humans and technology. Methods. Immersive technologies are introduced starting from a historical point of view, through a possible definition and concepts that describe in particular AR and VR, towards the recent developments. Results. Industry, the entertainment sector, marketing, medicine, education and training are considered as main fields of application. Then the focus goes on the disci- pline of Public Speaking, considering its challenges, techniques and benefits. Conclusions. The potential benefits of AR and VR in the considered application fields are highlighted, and a discussion of a study conducted at the University of Padova (Italy) relating to Public Speaking, are indicated. Negative aspects related to issues such as pri- vacy and control are also highlighted.

Research on the Development Path of Industrial Internet Eco-Platform in the Context of China's Economic Digitization

The continuous innovation and promotion of digital technology represented by big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence have accelerated the development of a new round of technological revolution. The new round of technological revolution presents intelligent and networked characteristics, digital economy and digital technology to empower China's economic form to digital transformation, giving rise to a number of new business forms, new models, and bringing new opportunities. However, China is still facing problems such as a large digital divide, digital security threats, difficulties in implementing digital taxes, serious non-tariff barriers, difficulties in the digital transformation of enterprises and a lack of digital talents. Therefore, relevant research on the connotation and characteristics of the digitalisation of China's economy should be strengthened to provide theoretical support for China's economic transformation and high-quality development.

The Impact of Digitalization on Agricultural Green Development: Evidence from China’s Provinces

Agricultural green development is crucial for achieving the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, with the digital technology revolution acting as a catalyst for both China’s green agricultural transformation and global sustainable development efforts. This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2012 to 2022 to assess the digitalization level and agricultural green development through a combined entropy weight and TOPSIS method. It also investigates the spatial agglomeration of agricultural green development using Moran’s I index and empirically evaluates the impact of digitalization on agricultural green development through OLS and spatial Durbin models. The findings reveal that, while China’s agricultural green development has progressed slowly yet steadily during the study period, it demonstrates significant spatial agglomeration, driven primarily by agricultural production efficiency and resource recycling. Notably, a non-linear U-shaped relationship exists between digitalization and agricultural green development, suggesting that digitalization fosters agricultural green development only after surpassing a certain threshold. Additionally, digitalization has spatial spillover effects: advancements in neighboring provinces correlate with local agricultural green development in a U-shaped manner, with an initial “siphon effect” followed by a “trickle-down effect.” These insights inform policy recommendations aimed at optimizing the use of digital technology to facilitate green agricultural transformation, offering valuable guidance for policymakers.

Research on Mixed Ownership Reform of State-Owned Enterprises from the Perspective of Marxist Political Economy

Under China’s socialist system, state-owned enterprises are key forces driving the economic trajectory and providing strong momentum. These enterprises not only bear the crucial responsibility of advancing the process of national modernization but also serve as the core of the national economic lifeline through their irreplaceable status and function amidst changing times. In the new era, with the advent of the technological revolution and the wave of globalization, state-owned enterprises face unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As a significant aspect of state-owned enterprise reform, the mixed ownership reform is not only a transformation in the structure of enterprise ownership but also a reflection of China’s broader, comprehensive reform efforts. By deeply advancing this reform, it will help optimize the allocation of state-owned assets and significantly boost technological and management innovation within state-owned enterprises, ensuring their competitiveness in the intense market environment. Therefore, this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis of the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist political economy.

State-of-the-Art Flocking Strategies for the Collective Motion of Multi-Robots

The technological revolution has transformed the area of labor with reference to automation and robotization in various domains. The employment of robots automates these disciplines, rendering beneficial impacts as robots are cost-effective, reliable, accurate, productive, flexible, and safe. Usually, single robots are deployed to accomplish specific tasks. The purpose of this study is to focus on the next step in robot research, collaborative multi-robot systems, through flocking control in particular, improving their self-adaptive and self-learning abilities. This review is conducted to gain extensive knowledge related to swarming, or cluster flocking. The evolution of flocking laws from inception is delineated, swarming/cluster flocking is conceptualized, and the flocking phenomenon in multi-robots is evaluated. The taxonomy of flocking control based on different schemes, structures, and strategies is presented. Flocking control based on traditional and trending approaches, as well as hybrid control paradigms, is observed to elevate the robustness and performance of multi-robot systems for collective motion. Opportunities for deploying robots with flocking control in various domains are also discussed. Some challenges are also explored, requiring future considerations. Finally, the flocking problem is defined and an abstraction of flocking control-based multiple UAVs is presented by leveraging the potentials of various methods. The significance of this review is to inspire academics and practitioners to adopt multi-robot systems with flocking control for swiftly performing tasks and saving energy.

A Survey on Quantum Computing Architectures: Implications for Electrical Circuit Design and Optimization

Quantum computing, a paradigm shift with the potential to revolutionize fields ranging from cryptography to optimization, is rapidly evolving. This survey delves into the key quantum computing architectures—gate-based and quantum annealing—and their profound impact on circuit design and optimization. Gate-based systems, such as those utilizing superconducting qubits and trapped ions, offer versatile platforms capable of executing a broad array of quantum algorithms. However, they present unique challenges for circuit designers, including noise sensitivity, scalability, and the need for complex error correction circuits. Quantum annealing, exemplified by D-Wave systems, offers a more specialized approach to solving optimization problems, requiring distinct circuit design considerations focused on energy efficiency and coherence preservation.This paper reviews the foundational research on these architectures, compares their respective design challenges, and examines the optimization techniques that have emerged in response to these challenges. Gate count reduction, error correction, and hybrid quantum-classical methods are highlighted as key approaches for improving circuit efficiency and scalability in quantum systems. Furthermore, this survey emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between quantum physicists, electrical engineers, and computer scientists to address the complex challenges associated with quantum circuit design. By combining expertise from these fields, researchers can develop innovative solutions that bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical hardware implementations. Ultimately, this survey underscores the need for continued innovation at the intersection of quantum computing and electrical engineering, as researchers strive to overcome current limitations and develop practical, large-scale quantum systems that can harness the full potential of this revolutionary technology.

A decentralized authentication scheme for smart factory based on blockchain

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is recognized as one of the revolutionary technologies driving smart manufacturing and improving productivity. As manufacturing processes grow increasingly intricate, the entire manufacturing ecosystem encompasses multiple managed IoT domains. Within this highly interconnected environment, devices from diverse domains must collaborate, leading to considerable apprehensions about the security and privacy of device-to-device communications. Current authentication methods encounter several challenges. Traditional authentication schemes overly rely on trusted third parties, rendering them susceptible to external attacks or internal spoofing. This susceptibility gives rise to a range of security and privacy concerns. In response to these challenges, this paper aims to contribute to a more secure and efficient service scheme for smart factories by devising a blockchain-based distributed IoT architecture. The proposed scheme introduces a federated blockchain to establish trust among different domains, thereby enabling secure connections between devices in distinct domains. Through security analysis, it is proved that the proposed authentication scheme has integrity, mutual authentication, scalability, and resistance to four attacks. Furthermore, efficiency analysis experiments show that our scheme is feasible for smart factories, and as the number of peer nodes increases, the performance and efficiency of the blockchain network become better.

Exploring AES Encryption Implementation Through Quantum Computing Techniques

A coming great revolution in technology is quantum computing, which opens new attacks on most of the developed cryptographic algorithms, including AES. These emerging quantum capabilities risk weakening cryptographic techniques, which safeguard a vast amount of data across the globe. This research uses Grover's algorithm to explore the vulnerabilities of the Advanced Encryption Standard to quantum attacks. By implementing quantum cryptographic algorithms and Quantum Error Correction on simulators and quantum hardware, the study evaluates the effectiveness of these techniques in mitigating noise and improving the reliability of quantum computations. The study shows that while AES is theoretically at risk due to Grover’s algorithm, which demonstrates a theoretical reduction in AES key search complexity, current hardware limitations and noise levels encountered in today’s quantum computers reduce the immediate threat and limit practical exploitation. The research also examines NTRU encryption, a quantum-resistant alternative, highlighting its robustness in quantum environments. The findings emphasize the need for further development in QEC and quantum-resistant cryptography to secure digital communications against future quantum threats. Future work will focus on advancing QEC techniques and refining quantum algorithms, addressing both hardware and theoretical advancements, including the potential use of high-capacity processors like Jiuzhang 3.0. These improvements will ensure the scalability of quantum-resistant systems to practical key sizes and usage scenarios.