Revolution In Military Affairs Research Articles

Possibilities and Preparations for AI Driven Revolution in Military Affairs

Possibilities and Preparations for AI Driven Revolution in Military Affairs

Cross Domain Deterrence in Asia Pacific and Indian Ocean Region

Deterrence as a concept is deeply rooted in human nature and for a considerable time it was contested and jilted, yet it resurfaced in one way or the other. Nuclear weapons became the backbone of the concept of Deterrence. Due to the inherent dynamism of Revolution in Military Affairs, the supremacy of Nuclear is being challenged with the advent of the latest technologies which are acting as enablers and disruptors. The concept of Cross DomainDeterrence emerged a decade ago, took shape, and entered the strategic lexicon. It has enablers and drivers, while a gradual shift in this direction is visible. While remaining within the ambit of complex interdependence theory given by Robert O Keohane and Joseph S Nye. This article examines the applicability of Cross-Domain Deterrence in the Asia Pacific and Indian Ocean Region focusing on the US, China, India, and Pak to identify the need to look beyond the horizon and embrace the change.

Robot wars: Autonomous drone swarms and the battlefield of the future

ABSTRACT We seem to be on the cusp of an AI-driven revolution in military affairs. Scholars have explored many aspects of this revolution but one of the most vibrant debates has addressed the question of lethal autonomous weapons. Some scholars believe that autonomous weapons, and especially autonomous drone swarms, are about to colonise the battlefield. This paper assesses this argument. It identifies three common mistakes in discussions of lethal autonomy. Scholars overestimate the capability of autonomous drone swarms. They underestimate their dependence on other weapon systems. Finally, they presume that autonomous weapons will favour the offence. This paper rejects all three claims.

Drones have boots: Learning from Russia’s war in Ukraine

ABSTRACT Before Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, security studies scholars were myopic about small drones’ enabling functions and tactical benefits. They were preoccupied with drone impacts on international security and the ethical dimensions of counterterrorism drone strikes. Similarly, literature on the revolution in military affairs has examined emerging drone technologies based on their strategic advantages. “Low-tech” drone innovations have received less attention. The war has highlighted the collective magnitude of these omissions. At first, scholars followed extant predictions by concluding that large drones did not revolutionize warfare, proliferated slowly, and were too costly and complex to operate. Yet, one year into the war, thousands of drones—scouts, loitering grenades, drone bomblets, and suicide drones—are defying the field’s assumptions of their uselessness sans air superiority. Contrary to most theoretical expectations, small drones in Ukraine are changing battlefield dynamics from lower airspace. Scholars must begin to study drone diversity in modern wars.

Beyond the neoconservative legacy in American counterterrorism policy: from George W. Bush to forever war

AbstractMore than two decades after the 9/11 attacks, the militarised approach to counterterrorism initiated by the George W. Bush Administration remains firmly in place. Growing frustration with these actions has prompted debates on ‘forever war’. This article traces the origins of ‘forever war’ to the interplay of neoconservatism and conservative nationalism in the George W. Bush Administration, which aimed at preserving American primacy through the cultivation of overwhelming military power. The Administration’s support for the revolution in military affairs contributed to the development of a more remote counterterrorism approach, which helps explain the continuities in US counterterrorism policies across the latter Bush administration as well as the Obama and Trump presidencies. By helping embed a ‘common sense’ understanding that further 9/11-style attacks could only be prevented by enduring and aggressive military action against transnational terrorist organisations, neoconservatism shaped the evolution of American counterterrorism policy. The specific influence of neoconservatism must be qualified and contextualised, however, because the strategic commitment to primacy had wider support within the Bush Administration.

동맹국의 정찰위성 보유가 확장억지에 미치는 영향

A revolution in military affairs(RMA) is expected to have a significant impact on militarized interstate disputes. Recent researches show that ballistic missiles, unmanned attack vehicles, and drones affect many aspects of militarized disputes. However, there is few research on the effect of the RMA on extended deterrence. In this study we analyze the effect of military surveillance technology on extended deterrence. In particular, we focus on the presence or absence of allies with reconnaissance satellites because reconnaissance satellite is a technology that can effectively alleviate uncertainty of information compared to other reconnaissance assets. Considering Fearon’s(1995) argument that wars occur because of uncertainty of information and commitment problem, reconnaissance satellites may be able to alleviate these problems with satellites characteristics such as high durability, stability, and few international legal restriction. Results of this study demonstrate that states having allies with reconnaissance satellites capabilities are less likely to be targeted in large scale militarized disputes with 100 or more casualties than states without having allies with reconnaissance satellites capabilities.

Revolution in military affairs (RMA) by Indonesian armed forces towards competitive advantage

The dynamics of the conflict in the South China Sea (SCS) have begun to enter a new chapter. Currently, the South China Sea (SCS) is a flashpoint in the Asia Pacific region. This study aims to provide an analysis of the concept of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) strategy by the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) toward Competitive Advantage in the South China Sea region. This study employed an analytical approach with a qualitative sequence exploratory method supported by some quantitative data. PEST (Political, Economy, Socio-cultural, Technology) analysis and SWOT analysis methods were used to support the study. Furthermore, this study also utilized an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method approach to provide strategic value and sensitivity analysis as a strategy scenario analysis toward competitive advantage. Based on the results of the research analysis, a strategy under the development of Indonesian Armed Forces capabilities towards a competitive advantage in the South China Sea was obtained, namely the WO strategy which consists of 6 substrate aspects with eight subfactors, namely the combination of all components and strengths in handling security disturbances in the South China Sea (0.162), increased competence of human resources (0.159); development of integrated defense forces and capabilities (0.147), protection of information systems and state secrets (0.145), development of defense facilities and infrastructure (0.109), increasing the capacity and capability of modernizing intelligence technology (0.093), utilization and capacity building of the national defense industry (0.089), deployment of Indonesian Armed Forces troops in the South China Sea (0.075). This study is expected to contribute to the strategy for handling conflicts in the South China Sea and provide strategic steps in increasing capabilities on competitive advantage.

Veštačka inteligencija i međunarodna bezbednost: Nadolazeća revolucija u vojnim poslovima

In the existing literature it is possible to find more and more research making a connection between artificial intelligence and international security. It is understandable having in mind that the development trends of modular and general artificial intelligence and their implementation in the domain of security threaten to lead to radical transformation of the manner in which military affairs are conducted. The research aim of this paper is to provide a review of the existing research that makes a connection between artificial intelligence and international security for the purpose of confirming the hypothesis that development and implementation of artificial intelligence announce the upcoming revolution in military affairs, which will transform the manners of the states' entering strategic interactions and mutually realizing them.

A Revolution in Military Affairs and Modern Armaments in the Russia-Ukraine War of 2022-2023

A Revolution in Military Affairs and Modern Armaments in the Russia-Ukraine War of 2022-2023

INDONESIA’S STRATEGY AND DIPLOMACY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CONFLICT

<p>This study describes the government's strategy in Indonesia under the leadership of Joko Widodo to strengthen the Natuna border area. The Natuna area is a point of discussion as there are often territorial conflicts. This study aims to answer the question about the government's strategy to strengthen the border zone in Natuna. This study uses library research methodology and the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) concept to analyze the process. After conducting research, it can be concluded that to reinforce the border area at Natuna, the government is making efforts to improve the military posture by constructing several new military units. Then the government is also looking at diplomatic means in the ASEAN region to resolve the territorial dispute with China in the South China Sea. This is because there is no mutual agreement, considering that Indonesia is based on the 1982 UNCLOS, while China has a view of the Nine-Dash Line. </p>

State defense strategy through defense public policy analysis in the face of revolution in military affairs

State defense is a very important field to be realized to be strong, but there are many obstacles to achieving the desired defense goals. Based on the various obstacles, the priority is the provision of quality human resources. Public policy in the field of government regarding the management of civil and military human resources is equally important in realizing human resources that can produce defense technology that has a deterrent effect. This study aims to analyze the national defense system through the analysis of public defense policies in the face of a Revolution in the Military Affairs (RMA). The research method used is a qualitative approach. Data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews and literature review. The characteristics of the informants in this study were 12 students of the year 2020 Marine Defense Strategy study program who had taken state defense strategy courses at the Defense University. The student is a member of the Indonesian Navy (TNI). The results of this study indicate that to realize reliable human resources without losing their identity requires an understanding of defense public policy. Changes in defense technology are also related to the RMA which continues to move forward and affects the interaction of international relations. In addition, in the face of change, the role of education is needed as a tool to keep up with actual and factual changes

Security Education – The Main Tool for Strengthening the Security Culture

Abstract Nowadays, there is a continuous and significant change of the international security environment. More and more complex and diversified types of threats are present and the regional security and safety are in danger. The technological evolution from the last decade produced what security experts call the Revolution in Military Affairs. At the same time, it also allowed opponents to use a wide range and diversified means of action. The use of technology offers advantages and disadvantages on both sides. In this regard, it is everyone’s responsibility to identify possible threats or vulnerabilities. It is also everyone’s responsibility to prevent, limit or eliminate the negative impact. Proper establishment of an appropiate security culture, and, at the same time an effective security education, in accordance with the existing threats, are essential for the state, in its effort of creating and maintaining a stable and secure environment for its citizens. Starting from the research hypothesis that there appear to be new threats in the contemporary security environment, I have developed three directions on which I focused my research effort. I intended to use a deductive approach and I aimed to identify the positive aspects that can be maintained, but also other measures and actions that can be integrated into security education so that the individual as part of the state, to achieve the appropriate level of security. For this I have applied multiple research methods specific to the security field, such as the theoretical analysis, comparative analysis, observation, longitudinal method, and also the case study.

China’s Economic Growth: Threats and Challenges to Chinese Economy and Energy Security

Despite global pandemic Chinese economic growth rate was 2.3 percent in 2020. GDP surpassed US $ 15 trillion and growth rate raised to 6.5 percent in fourth quarter of 2020 and US $ 17 trillion GDP was recorded in first quarter of 2021. People Republic China’s (PRC) gigantic military budget and revolution in military affairs (RMA) creates senese of hegemonic ambitions in its neighbours. Contrarily, United States (US) sights PRC has ambitions to expand its political influence, gain access to economic markets, change international order by replacing US. This potential asymmetrical and imbalanced relationship locks America in typical Thucydides trap. Washington reached conclusion that economic growth and military might are intertwined. However, it is dependent on China’s energy supplies. PRC’s rise can be slowed down by stopping or interrupting the flow of energy supplies. Range of threats are posed to PRC oil imports i.e. US aerial strike on PRC oil//gas pipelines, use of proxies specially ast Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM) to disrupt oil supplies, terrorist attacks on oil containers on land and naval blockade in Persian Gulf. The inference drawn is energy security dependent on Strait of Malacca is Achilles Heel of China. This paper aims at probing Washington’s capacity to disrupt or stop energy supplies to PRC in Malacca strait, Persian Gulf, land routes in Pakistan. It discusses various strategies including direct naval blockade, use of proxies and direct military strikes.

THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE IN MAINTAINING COMBAT POWER DURING CONTEMPORARY MILITARY OPERATIONS

The contemporary security environment is undergoing periodical radical changes in which more and more diversified threats are emerging, determining that the age in which we live is marked by crises of a different nature. That is why the use of intelligence has become a concern of military and political decision makers, especially in terms of its integration into combat functions to ensure and maintain a high combat capability and thus the combat power necessary to achieve objectives / mission. The peculiarities and specific features of modern / contemporary military conflicts, as well as the influence of technological evolution or, as specialists call it, the revolution in military affairs has led to changes including in the field of military intelligence, which is essential to keep up with the present and anticipate the future. These changes have led to changes in the place and role of military intelligence in the military phenomenon, changes in doctrines, techniques, tactics and procedures, and the readjustment of requirements to the changes applied. Military intelligence structures must be conceptually integrated and not only with the other collection capabilities of the National Defence System, Public Order and National Security.

A Study on the Multi-Domain Environment and Revolution in Military Affairs of the Korean Military

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the technology of the fourth industrial revolution on the changes in the operational environment, and present the operational employment concept and military buildup related directions of the Korean armed forces in accordance with the changed operational environment in terms of revolution in military affairs. Method: The existing studies of domestic and foreign academics on combat domain, fourth industrial revolution, revolution in military affairs, and joint operations, etc., and the literature focused on research papers published by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Army were explored. Based on which, the historical evolution process of technology and domain was examined, and after deriving the evolutionary direction of the field that the fourth industrial revolution will bring, an exploratory approach was attempted to present the joint operational concept and military buildup related direction in line with the characteristics of the new domain. Results: The impact of the fourth industrial revolution across all sectors of society is reflected in the military field as well, fundamentally changing the concept of weapon systems and military operations. The advancement of military science and technology is creating a multi-domain environment by expanding the cross domain. In such a multi-domain environment, joint operations ought to include not only the integrated operation of traditional military types, but also the integrated operation of the domain at the same time. Furthermore, it was confirmed that in order to secure cross domain capabilities appropriate for the multi-domain environment, it is necessary to review the basic concept of joint operation, develop a new paradigm for the appropriate allocation of capabilities, and set a variable point of equilibrium for efficient operation of capabilities. Conclusion: Revolution in military affairs is a process which dramatically amplifies combat effects by developing a new power system by applying the new military science and technologies, and innovatively developing and harmoniously operating joint operational concept and the organizational structures related thereto. Hence, approaching the multi-domain operation (MDO) of the US Army in terms of revolution in military affairs rather than operational aspects will offer useful implications for the Korean armed forces.

THE CONCEPT OF MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS AND ITS MULTINATIONAL UNDERSTANDING

The international competition on emerging technologies rises a new and very dangerous threat for global and regional security because of the easy access to the procurament of very high-tech and sensitive defence material. The race for who will control some domains from the future operating environment is between the United States, Russia and China, but several other state and non-state actors have reconsidered their high-tech strategies, already. It is about India, Iran, Japan, Israel and the European Union as a whole, as well as transnational terrorist and organised crime organisations or multinational companies. At the same time, the last technological developments have created a huge discrepancy in the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), especially because of letting far behind doctrines and the organisation of military structures for combat. This anacronism is evolving with the intent of gradually replacing regular fighters and current formations in the modern battlefield with robots/androids and joint human-machines teams. As a result, it has become imperative to develop new concepts/strategies for future conflicts that brings together all elemnts of advanced technologies and coordinates their joint acions on any potential adversary, in order to achieve a total and quick victory. This material will analyse the US Army’s concept of Multidimensional Operatios and how it is understood at the Allied level.

Revolution in military affairs - The operation mole cricket 19 as a case study for the technological race during the cold war

The article reviews the development of the modern idea of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) whose buds appeared after the First World War, matured during the Cold War and demonstrated in 1982 in the First Lebanon War by the Israeli Air Force, and in 1991 in the Iraq War by the American Army. After analyzing the essence of RMA, with reference to the concept of both evolution and revolution of military technologies and doctrines, the article suggests that two types of revolutions should be distinguished. The first is a revolution in military affairs in the broadest sense in which a paradigm shift in the nature of war is occurred, and it is possible to apply it mainly by superpowers. The second, is a limited revolution that is essentially an approach of solving a military problem, suitable for small countries. The article examines these ideas and shows that Operation Mole Cricket 19, in which Syrian missile batteries made in the USSR were destroyed by the Israeli Air Force in 1982, is a revolution in military affairs of the second type.

THE BIOMIMETIC FIN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR AN EFFICIENT AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE (AUV) TO SUPPORT THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS (RMA) IN UNDERWATER DEFENSE

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The world is facing the global trend of Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing sectors. The concept of the Internet of Underwater Thing (IoUT) presents the trends in the underwater region. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) as a data collector and transmitter becomes the central component in the connected system of the IoUT. The efficiency of the platform is crucial to lengthening the range and duration of the mission. The biomimetic method of utilizing the caudal fin propulsion could enhance the efficiency of the small and low-speed AUV. From the defense perspective, there is a concept of Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that supports technological modernization for defense purposes. Technically, this study aims to combine the technical aspects of mechanical engineering and the defense concept of RMA in the technological advancement of AUV for the advanced and efficient defense strategy in the underwater region. The evaluations involved numerical simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The simulation results show that the fully tapered flexible fin enhances the efficiency by 25%, while the narrow flexible fin enhances the efficiency by 30%. These results indicate that a flexible tapered fin should be the primary consideration in designing the high-efficiency biomimetic fin. The visualization of the force vectors shows that the flexibility of the fin acts as a thrust vectoring factor that directs more force vectors in the thrust direction. This study supports the RMA concept implementation by technological modernization, such as efficient biomimetic AUV development, to develop doctrines in the State's defense in the underwater region.</p></div>

REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: EMERGING AEROSPACE COMBAT TRENDS IN SOUTH ASIA

Technology dictates everything in the modern world but nothing is more technical than the human mind. It always gears up to explore new dimensions of the universe. Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is the brainchild of a critical human mind that never relies on knowledge at hand and strives for more. Aerospace potential and capabilities have become crucial to modern forces in an age of global reach and South Asia is not an exception in any sense. It is argued that RMA in South Asia is likely to be employed more in aerospace to outmanoeuvre each other (India and Pakistan) in order to carry out rapid offensive operations against the enemy. 
 This paper examines the emerging trends in aerial combat and military use of space simultaneously with a focus on on-going developments in South Asia. At first, this paper explores the emergence of aerospace potential for military means among major powers during the cold war. Following emerging global aerospace trends, it focuses how it encouraged a shift in strategy and doctrines of India and Pakistan because of drastic change in weaponry and how it created more space for the aerospace domain. Moreover, this paper analyses the defensive potential of arch-rivals India and Pakistan and explores the prospects of the aerospace industry in Pakistan.

Industri Pertahanan Prancis dan Inggris Dalam Penguatan Aliansi Kekuatan Militer pada Perang Dunia I

World War I took place on the European continent between the Allies and the Central powers. In this war, the warring parties did not only rely on the troops quantity, but also their own technology. In addition, both sides had maximally empowered their strategic industries in building military forces for war. The article identifies the factors that supported the victory of France and Britain in World War I, thus encouraging the development of war technology and strategic industry which continues to present day. In that arena, France and Britain had the upper hand in the use of technology and industrial support for war. The theories used for this discussion are Carl von Clausewitz's theory of war, Morgenthau's balance of power theory, Liddell Hart's strategy theory and the theory of revolution in military affairs. The discussion was carried out using qualitative methods with an exploratory and historical approach which ultimately showed that the Allied defense industry had so far gained technological advantage from the influence of the victory in World War I.