Review Of Theliterature Research Articles

The travel-related impacts of telecommuting: An active learning-based systematic review

This study provides a systematic review of the literature on the travel-related impacts of telecommuting. We searched for empirical studies that discuss telecommuting’s impacts on transport-related topics using the Web of Science, Transport Research International Documentation, Scopus, and ProQuest. Fifty-eight out of 1,609 studies were selected for full-text review based on an active learning approach. Four domains of travel-related impacts were identified: travel demand, location choice, emissions and energy consumption, and mode choice. Though the literature gives mixed conclusions on a variety of topics, causal analysis and meta-analysis indicates that telecommuting has a complementary effect on travel demand and promotes urban sprawl. Further exploration of the interaction between telecommuting and COVID-19 calls for attention to collect long-term travel data for future research as the pandemic fully recedes and travel behavior gradually stabilizes into a new normal. Policymakers should be aware of the possible changes in travel behavior and location choice in the post-pandemic era and implement timely incentive programs or regulatory measures to respond to such changes and promote sustainability.

Demystifying Explainable AI: Understanding, Transparency, and Trust

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with vast potential to revolutionize industries and societies. However, the responsible development, deployment, and governance of AI technologies require addressing complex ethical, regulatory, and societal challenges. This research paper aims to demystify Explainable AI (XAI) and explore its implications for understanding, transparency, and trust in AI systems. Through a comprehensive review of the literature, we examine key concepts, methodologies, and applications of XAI, as well as ethical considerations, regulatory frameworks, international cooperation, and societal impacts of AI. The paper highlights the importance of transparency, fairness, and accountability in AI governance and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement to ensure the responsible and ethical development of AI technologies. By fostering a deeper understanding of XAI and its implications, this paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the ethical and responsible use of AI in society.

Mental health and well-being in tourism scholarship: a Horizon 2050 paper

Purpose This study aims to assess extant research streams to delineate new research directions for tourism stakeholders’ mental health and well-being. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive review of the literature on various topics related to mental health, well-being, memorable experiences, emotions, community well-being, wellness tourism and sustainable development was conducted. Findings Several research directions for different research subjects were identified: tourists employees, and the community. For tourists, the research topics included mental health, well-being, memorable experiences and wellness tourism. For research on employees, the focus included their mental health, psychological well-being and negative emotions. In studying the role of tourism in community mental health and well-being, research has explored community well-being and emotional solidarity and used a capital approach. This study discusses several new research directions based on past research trends, global trends and other relevant factors. Originality/value This conceptual study can help understand the new holistic research landscape of mental health and well-being.

The Spectrum of Non-neoplastic Changes Associated With Breast Implants: Histopathology, Imaging, and Clinical Significance.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma has been recognized as a distinct entity in the World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms. These neoplasms are causally related to textured implants that were used worldwide until recently. Consequently, there is an increased demand for processing periprosthetic capsules, adding new challenges for surgeons, clinicians, and pathologists. In the literature, the focus has been on breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma; however, benign complications related to the placement of breast implants occur in up to 20% to 30% of patients. Imaging studies are helpful in assessing patients with breast implants for evidence of implant rupture, changes in tissues surrounding the implants, or regional lymphadenopathy related to breast implants, but pathologic examination is often required. In this review, we couple our experience with a review of the literature to describe a range of benign lesions associated with breast implants that can be associated with different clinical presentations or pathogenesis and that may require different diagnostic approaches. We illustrate the spectrum of the most common of these benign disorders, highlighting their clinical, imaging, gross, and microscopic features. Finally, we propose a systematic approach for the diagnosis and handling of breast implant specimens in general.

Whistleblowing as a security issue in Hungarian organizations from 2023

This study aims to provide an overview of the result of the legislative intention, which also set a mandatory deadline for the application of large companies employing more than 250 people, since they must apply Act XXV of 2023 starting from July 24, 2023, on complaints, public interest reports, and the rules on whistleblowing. The purpose of this article is to point out, based on the review of international scientific literature and secondary research, that whistleblowing and reporting are especially supporting tools for organizations, workplaces, employees, and employers. The aim is to emphasize the advantages of organizational security. Presentation of the law created with regard to Hungary's international legal and European Union legal obligations undertaken in connection with actions against corruption. An exhaustive review of the literature on whistleblowing research papers has been conducted. A second study was conducted on regulatory documents, commentaries, and studies. The added value of the paper reflects the relevant legislation and scientific findings in one paper. This paper addresses leaders, employers, employees, university lecturers, and researchers.

Exploring the potential applications of amphiphilic carbon dots based nanocomposite hydrogel in liquid chromatographic separations

BackgroundDue to their excellent stability, low toxicity, flexible modification and adjustable functionality, carbon dots (CDs) have a promising application prospect in the field of chromatographic stationary phases. Hydrogels are new functional polymer materials with three-dimensional network structure that have excellent hydrophilicity, high porosity and unique mechanical properties, which are also good candidate materials for liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, a review of the literature reveals that CDs based nanocomposite hydrogels have not yet been reported as HPLC stationary phases. ResultsIn this work, amphiphilic CDs with multiple functional groups and polyacrylic acid hydrogel were grafted to the surface of silica gel by an in-situ polymerization method, and a CDs/polyacrylic acid nanocomposite hydrogel stationary phase (CDs/hydrogel@SiO2) was prepared. CDs act as the macroscopic cross-linking agents to form a cross-linked network with polyacrylic acid chains through physical cross-linking by hydrogen bonding and chemical cross-linking by amidation and esterification reactions, which not only improve the swelling property of the hydrogel but also increase its stability. Additionally, the introduction of CDs with multifunctional groups modulates the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the hydrogel that also imparts good hydrophobicity to the composite hydrogel. Through the study of retention mechanism and influencing factors, it is certificate that the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 has mixed-mode chromatographic performance. Furthermore, the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 column shows great potential for the determination of organic contaminants in environmental water samples. SignificanceThis work confirms the potential application of CDs/hydrogel composite for the separation of various samples and provides the possibility of developing CDs based nanocomposite hydrogel in the field of liquid chromatography. Introducing CDs into hydrogel can open up a new way for nanocomposite hydrogels to be used in HPLC, which expands the advance of hydrogel and CDs in separation field.

(145) Health Practitioner Attitudes and Values Towards Problematic Sexual Behaviours

Abstract Introduction Sexuality is expressed through an individual’s sexual behaviours. Distinguishing “problematic” or atypical sexual behaviours from “typical” sexual behaviours depends on sociocultural conceptions of the norm. Perceptions of problematic sexual behaviour evolve in response to societal change. These perceptions influence and reflect the attitudes and vales of health practitioners. The attitudes and values of health practitioners directly affects clients with problematic sexual behaviours. Therapy approaches are not value-free. Practitioners are influenced by sociocultural norms which create and reinforce stereotypes. These social forces are especially pronounced in the context of problematic sexual behaviours. The nosological classification of sexual “disorders” risks pathologizing normal variants of sexual behaviours. Despite this, research examining health practitioner attitudes and values toward problematic sexual behaviours is scant. Existing measures of attitudes either focus on a broad range of sexual behaviours or on sexual health overall. We therefore sought to understand the themes underlying health practitioner attitudes and values toward problematic sexual behaviours. Objective To assess the themes influencing health practitioner attitudes and values towards problematic sexual behaviours. Methods An inductive qualitative approach provided the framework using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. An interview schedule was based on deductive domains gleaned from a review research exploring health practitioner attitudes and values toward problematic sexual behaviour, and the research team’s experience of the field. A case vignette of a distressed person reporting a problematic sexual behaviour was created to trigger discussion. A diverse range of health practitioners working with people reporting problematic sexual behaviours was recruited. This included five medical doctors (general practice, psychiatry, sexual health) and two sexual health nurses. A coding matrix was generated based on a priori review of the literature and a posteriori review of the interviews. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts was performed using the software program NVivo. Results Five themes emerged from the interviews. Two deductive themes were identified: methods of inquiry about sexual behaviours; discrepancies in defining problematic sexual behaviours. Myriad frameworks underpin a practitioner’s exploration of sexual behaviour issues. Interviewees also could not operationalise a consistent definition of the “problem”. Three inductive themes emerged: managing judgement in consultations; reflections on practitioner knowledge; the tension between fantasies and problematic sexual behaviours. Interviewees referred to “non-judgemental care” as essential in addressing sexual behaviour problems. There was consistent reference to a “limited understanding” of problematic sexual behaviours. A need to differentiate thoughts (fantasies) from actions (behaviours) for risk stratification was apparent. Conclusions The attitudes and values of health practitioners are influenced by sociocultural conceptions of normative sexual expression. These attitudes and values affect practitioner responses to people with problematic sexual behaviours. To better understand this, we propose three recommendations: the development of tailored supports to assist practitioners in managing judgements; an educational module to build understanding of problematic sexual behaviours; the development of a survey instrument to investigate the attitudes and values of health practitioners more broadly in responding to problematic sexual behaviours. Disclosure No.

Legal Protection Of Residential Consumers

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal safeguards available to homebuyers. During the process of buying and owning a house, housing customers frequently encounter complicated risks and concerns. For this reason, sufficient legal protection is necessary to safeguard the rights of consumers in real estate transactions.An examination of relevant legal documents and a review of the literature served as the research methodology for this project. Researchers gathered information about the legal protection of homebuyers from a range of legal sources, including statutes, rules, and court rulings. Subsequently, a qualitative analysis is conducted to pinpoint the advantages and disadvantages of the current legal safeguards.The findings of the study demonstrate that despite the existence of several laws and rules protecting housing customers legally, there are still issues and difficulties with their application. Several of the issues.

Inguinal endometriosis: a case series and review of the literature

BackgroundInguinal endometriosis is one of the most common forms of endometriosis. The present study introduces 8 cases of inguinal endometriosis and discusses probable theories of inguinal endometriosis by reviewing the literature.Case presentation8 Iranian cases of inguinal endometriosis with a mean age of 36 years were presented. Catamenial groin pain and swelling were the most common complications. Also, patients usually had accompanying symptoms such as pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. One-half of patients had a history of previous abdominal surgery. Ultrasound was diagnostic in 4 patients (50%), and magnetic resonance imaging was used in two patients (25%). Among 6 patients who underwent hormonal therapy, 4 experienced an endometriosis size increase. Inguinal endometriosis was right-sided in 87.5% of patients, and among 4 patients who underwent surgery, 75% had proximal site involvement of the round ligament.ConclusionAccording to the rarity of inguinal endometriosis, it is more likely to be a misdiagnosis with other inguinal disorders such as inguinal hernia. Inguinal endometriosis should be considered in patients who undergo inguinal herniorrhaphy, with suspected findings such as thickening of the hernia sac wall, bloody fluid inside the sac, or thickening of the extraperitoneal round ligament during the surgery.

Using Machine Learning for Motion Analysis to Early Detect Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

AbstractDiagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically performed using traditional tools based on behavioral observations. However, these diagnosis methods are time-consuming and can be misleading. Integrating machine learning algorithms with technological screening tools within the typical behavioral observations can possibly enhance the traditional assessment and diagnostic process. In the last two decades, to improve the accuracy and reliability of autism detection, many clinicians and researchers began to develop new screening methods by means of advanced technology like machine learning (ML). These methods include artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), a priori algorithms, and decision trees (DT). Mostly, these methods have been applied to pre-existing datasets, derived from the standard diagnostic and assessment tools, to implement and test predictive models. On the other hand, the detection of new objective behavioral measures such as biomarkers could lead to a significant strengthening of existing screening tools. In the present study, we carried out a critical review of the literature about the latest findings in this field. The aim was to shed light about the effectiveness of using ML systems for motion analysis to enhance both clinical assessment and diagnostic processes. Specifically, we discussed the contribution of ML systems in promoting early diagnosis of ASD. The literature review showed that motion patterns ML analysis predicts ASD classification as accurately as that of classical gold standard tools. However, the application of these methods is still challenging, as discussed in this review.

Can the Clinical Frailty Scale predict futility in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is considered an essential intervention in unanticipated cardiac arrest, but in the out-of-hospital setting it is often the default treatment for many patients dying of chronic and incurable disease who experience this. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) can predict an individual's vulnerability to adverse health outcomes and might be a useful tool in prognostication in the prehospital setting. Aims: The primary aim was to assess if the CFS can be used for prognostication in cardiac arrest and whether UK paramedics would be able to use the CFS in the context of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: A rapid review of the literature was undertaken to identify research relating to frailty's influence on cardiac arrest outcomes. Five primary research articles were identified and were included. Findings: All the primary research focused on in-hospital cardiac arrest and demonstrated that an higher clinical frailty score was associated with increased mortality following cardiac arrest, with a significant reduction in survival at CFS ≥6. Conclusion: Research could assess whether these findings would be replicated in the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest context and whether paramedics could use the CFS to aid in prognostication in this situation.

The role of place-based factors and other social determinants of health on adverse post-sepsis outcomes: a review of the literature

Sepsis remains a common and costly disease. With early recognition and guideline-based treatment, more patients are surviving to hospital discharge. Many survivors experience adverse health events in the months following discharge, while others suffer long-term physical and cognitive decline. Social, biological, and environmental factors affect all aspects of the disease process, from what pathogens one is exposed to, how/if disease develops, what avenues are available for treatment, as well as short- and long-term sequelae of survival. Disparities in sepsis care exist at all stages of a patient's clinical course, but increased survivorship has highlighted the extent to which Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) influence post-discharge adverse events. Despite increased interest in the last decade, a nuanced understanding of causal relationships remains elusive. This is due to several factors: the narrow range of social determinants of health (SDoH) variables typically studied, the inconsistent and non-standardized methods of documenting and reporting SDoH, and the inadequate acknowledgment of how social, environmental, and biological factors interact. Lack of clear understanding of how SDoH influence post-discharge outcomes is an obstacle to development and testing of strategies to mitigate their harms. This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the effects of SDoH on post-discharge outcomes in sepsis, highlights gaps therein, and identifies areas of greatest need for improving the quality and impact of future investigations.

Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumonia: The Radiographic Patterns and Review of the Literature.

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical and chest radiographic features of pediatric patients with serologically proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The clinical records and chest radiographs of 55 consecutive patients (28 male, 27 female) with serologically positive IgG mycoplasma pneumonia were reviewed. The pneumonic infiltrates were described on chest radiography into 3 different patterns as a peribronchovascular infiltration, reticulonodular infiltration and consolidation. More than 91% of patients presented with cough and 70% of patients had fever. Chest radiographs displayed three different patterns: (i) peribronchovascular infiltration (n=33, 60%); (ii) reticulonodular infiltration (n=12, 22%); (iii) consolidation (n=10, 18%). Bilateral peribronchovascular infiltration in central and middle lung zones were frequently seen (n=33, 60%). Other radiological features were unilateral lesions in 51% of patients, pleural effusion in 18%, and hilar lymphadenopathy in 20%. There are various radiological features of mycoplasma pneumonia in children. Bilateral peribronchovascular infiltration confined to central and middle lung regions seems to be more closely associated with mycoplasma infection.

Surgical resection of a symptomatic intra‐axial lesion in a patient with Hennekam's syndrome: Case report with review of the literature

AbstractHennekam syndrome (HS) is a rare genetic disorder involving malformations of the lymphatic system. Structural abnormalities and malformations within the central nervous system (CNS) have also been reported along with intellectual disability and developmental delay. We report a patient with HS who presented with seizures and was found to have an intra‐axial lesion, which was resected via craniotomy. While this case represents, to our knowledge, the first instance in the literature that a HS patient has been treated for a CNS abnormality via neurosurgical intervention, we provide a literature review of CNS lesions in patients with HS.

Dependency/ World-systems Theories and Structural Position of Latin American Countries

One of the social sciences theories that has contributed significantly to the complex understanding of the modern capitalist/colonial world and the situation of Latin America in it has been the world-systems approach. However, world-systems theory cannot be separated from dependency theory since the latter provides theoretical bases for the former, especially regarding the distribution of countries into different special zones according to the functioning of the world economy. But how have these theorists positioned Latin American countries in the world system? How has their understanding of the region evolved? Through the review of the literature, systematised in three stages (pre-theoretical, synchronous, and diachronic), this article examines the historical peripheral and semiperipheral positioning of the Latin American countries and the basis for determining different degrees of peripheralisation and semiperipheralisation. The relative immobility of the countries in the region stands out, which over the decades has not improved their structural position, necessitating a review of the Latin American countries’ development strategies for the twenty-first century.

Primary double teeth in archeological medieval material from the area of Poland: A report on two cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate primary double teeth in archeological material from the area of Poland and a brief review of the literature on the subject. Two cases of fusion of anterior primary teeth in two infants from past populations living in eastern (8th–9th cent. CE) and southern (15th cent. CE) parts of Poland are presented. A macroscopic as well as a radiographic assessment of the teeth was performed, which, in case 1, included a periapical X‐ray and CBCT imaging (Gendex–USA GXDP‐800) and, in case 2, scanning with a SkyScan micro‐CT scanner, along with reconstruction images made using NRECON SkyScan. In case 1, cross‐section and axial CBCT images showed that the fused teeth were joined by dentin in the lower portion of the crown and had two separate pulp chambers and one wide root canal. In case 2, a cross‐sectional microscan confirmed partial fusion with two distinct crowns, two pulp chambers, and one wide common root canal. The discovery of fused teeth in the remains of children, which are typically poorly preserved, is a rare event. Consequently, the reported first cases of double teeth originating from the 8th–9th and 15th centuries CE, found in Poland in Central Europe, are of great value, as they can be used to map dental anomalies in archaeological populations. 3D imaging technologies are essential to establish the final diagnosis of double teeth.

Management of floating hip injury: a review of the literature.

The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of floating hip injury and attempt to provide a management algorithm. PubMed was searched using the terms 'Floating hip' or 'acetabular fracture' and 'Ipsilateral femoral fracture' or 'pelvic fracture' and 'Ipsilateral femoral fracture'. One author performed a preliminary review of the abstracts and references of the retrieved articles. The mean injury severe score reported was higher than 20. Chest and abdominal injuries, as well as fractures at other sites, were the most common associated injuries. Despite the high disability rate, surgery remained the preferred option for managing these injuries. The surgical timing varied from a few hours to several days and was subjected to the principles of damage control orthopedics. Although, in most cases, fixation of femoral fractures took precedence over pelvic or acetabular fractures, there was still a need to consider the impact of damage control orthopedics, associated injuries, and surgeon's considerations and preferences. Posttraumatic arthritis, neurological deficits, heterotopic ossification, femoral head necrosis, femoral nonunion, and limb inequality were common complications of the floating hip injury. The severity of such injuries often exceeds that of an isolated injury and often requires specialized multidisciplinary treatment. In the management of these complex cases, the complexity and severity of the injury should be fully assessed, and an appropriate surgical plan should be developed to perform definitive surgery as early as possible, with attention to prevention of complications during the perioperative period.

Thymic en-bloc resection with veins: case demonstrations and review of the literature.

Locally invasive thymic neoplasms are challenging clinical scenarios and typically require a multidisciplinary approach. The involvement of major mediastinal veins such as the superior vena cava (SVC) used to be a contraindication to surgery, but with improved surgical technique and outcomes, this paradigm has shifted. In some situations, complex resections and reconstructions may be indicated and required to improve the long-term outcome of these patients. We report two of our cases along with a current review of literature. We also describe the preoperative workup, operative techniques, postoperative management, complications, and outcomes of patients with invasive thymic neoplasms that involve the mediastinal veins. Our first case describes a patient who was diagnosed with a thymoma extending from the diaphragm to the base of the neck that was also encasing major vascular structures including the SVC and left innominate vein. Our second case describes a patient who was also diagnosed with a large anterior mediastinal mass encasing the great veins and invading the chest wall. We describe the management of these patients and then delve deeper into operative techniques including SVC resection and reconstruction. We describe the types of conduits that can be used and complications to be mindful of when clamping the great veins, such as the SVC. Improvements in conduit materials and neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies over the years have made it more feasible for patients with invasive thymic neoplasms to undergo surgery.

Anatomical variant of the azygos vein course in a cancer patient and review of the literature

The azygos vein is responsible for drainage through a staff of venous blood from the chest wall for the most part. Sometimes its course causes the independence of part of the lung parenchyma, which is known as the accessory lobe of the azygos. The present article presents the casual radiological finding of this anatomical variant in a 70-year-old patient undergoing a computed tomography scan for colon cancer. The azygos accessory lobe is a mostly asymptomatic anatomical variation, but it can be a problem in some thoracic surgeries.

Jumpy stump syndrome treated by targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR): a case report and review of the literature

Jumpy stump syndrome treated by targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR): a case report and review of the literature