Exploring the potential applications of amphiphilic carbon dots based nanocomposite hydrogel in liquid chromatographic separations

Abstract

BackgroundDue to their excellent stability, low toxicity, flexible modification and adjustable functionality, carbon dots (CDs) have a promising application prospect in the field of chromatographic stationary phases. Hydrogels are new functional polymer materials with three-dimensional network structure that have excellent hydrophilicity, high porosity and unique mechanical properties, which are also good candidate materials for liquid chromatography. Nevertheless, a review of the literature reveals that CDs based nanocomposite hydrogels have not yet been reported as HPLC stationary phases. ResultsIn this work, amphiphilic CDs with multiple functional groups and polyacrylic acid hydrogel were grafted to the surface of silica gel by an in-situ polymerization method, and a CDs/polyacrylic acid nanocomposite hydrogel stationary phase (CDs/hydrogel@SiO2) was prepared. CDs act as the macroscopic cross-linking agents to form a cross-linked network with polyacrylic acid chains through physical cross-linking by hydrogen bonding and chemical cross-linking by amidation and esterification reactions, which not only improve the swelling property of the hydrogel but also increase its stability. Additionally, the introduction of CDs with multifunctional groups modulates the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the hydrogel that also imparts good hydrophobicity to the composite hydrogel. Through the study of retention mechanism and influencing factors, it is certificate that the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 has mixed-mode chromatographic performance. Furthermore, the CDs/hydrogel@SiO2 column shows great potential for the determination of organic contaminants in environmental water samples. SignificanceThis work confirms the potential application of CDs/hydrogel composite for the separation of various samples and provides the possibility of developing CDs based nanocomposite hydrogel in the field of liquid chromatography. Introducing CDs into hydrogel can open up a new way for nanocomposite hydrogels to be used in HPLC, which expands the advance of hydrogel and CDs in separation field.