Text Review Research Articles

Gastrointestinal Escherichia coli in men who have sex with men: A systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to explore any demographic, biological and behavioural characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with diarrhoeagenic E.coli. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for manuscripts published to March 2024. One author screened manuscript abstracts; two authors independently conducted a full text review. We only included primary data on gastrointestinal E.coli in MSM. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. This review was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42023455321). Eleven manuscripts (cross-sectional studies (n = 8), case-series (n = 1), case-control study (n = 1), longitudinal study (n = 1)) from Europe (n = 7) Australia (n = 2), USA (n = 2) including 983 MSM with gastrointestinal E.coli published between 2014-2023 were included in this review. Demographic factors (living with HIV, using HIV-PrEP, using dating apps and working as airline crew, group sex, non-regular (casual) sexual partners); behavioural factors (non-regular sexual partners, non-condom use, oro-anal sex, penile-anal sex, use of sex toys, insertive and receptive fisting, scat play); and infection factors (co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis including LGV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, hepatitis C, other enteric pathogens [Shigella spp. Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis A and intestinal spirochaetosis]) were observed in MSM with E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance (extended spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance) was described in MSM with E.coli. We have highlighted demographic, behavioral and infection factors observed in MSM with E.coli suggesting sexual transmissibility. These data provide insight for future clinical guidelines, public health control strategies and research.

Robotic versus manual diagnostic and stenting procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Endovascular procedures are associated with improved outcomes and patient satisfaction compared to open surgery in selected cases. However, this is at the cost of increased radiation exposure. Robotic procedures are thought to minimize radiation exposure and may confer procedural efficacy due to the lack of operator fatigue. Our systematic review and meta-analysis compares procedural efficacy of robotic versus manual diagnostic and stenting procedures. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Articles reporting comparative outcomes between robotic and manual diagnostic and stenting procedures were included. Articles related to stereotactic radiosurgery and open surgical procedures were excluded. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. Effect sizes (mean difference for robotic and manual procedures) and variances were calculated for procedure time. The random effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates for technical success using the "metafor" package in R (R software v4.2.1, Vienna, Austria). 6465 articles were identified through our search strategy. After 4683 articles were excluded through a title and abstract screen and 30 articles were excluded through a full text review, 3 articles reporting outcomes in 175 patients undergoing robotic procedures and 185 patients undergoing manual procedures were included. These studies reported comparative outcomes for carotid artery stenting, diagnostic cerebral angiograms and transverse sinus stenting. There was no significant difference in procedure time (mean difference: 0.14min [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.58, 0.86, p = 0.64, I2 = 68%]. Technical success was 0.05-fold lower for robotic procedures compared to manual procedures [95% CI: 0.00- 0.84), P = 0.04]. One study was considered high quality using the NOS. Robotic procedures confer significantly lower rates of technical success with no significant difference in procedure time. Further studies are necessary to draw conclusions about potential benefits of robotic procedures including lower radiation exposure.

Sentiment Analysis and Rating Predicting for Hotel Review

This paper provides a comprehensive system for sentiment analysis and rate prediction of hotel reviews, combining modern natural language processing techniques with machine learning algorithms. The major purpose is to automatically assess consumer input and forecast related scores based on textual reviews. The system employs regression models to predict star ratings from the textual data and sentiment analysis to categorise reviews into good, negative, or neutral categories. The dataset consists of a large corpus of hotel reviews collected from various online platforms. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, with high accuracy in sentiment classification and rating prediction. The findings indicate that automated sentiment analysis and rating prediction can provide valuable insights for hotel management, helping to enhance customer satisfaction and improve sequence.

Post-Stroke Osteoporosis Screening: A Scoping Review.

There are no specific screening recommendations for post-stroke osteoporosis despite evidence that people post-stroke are at heightened risk of fragility fractures. Our objective was to explore the extent of evidence and map the current literature available for osteoporosis screening in the post-stroke population. This scoping review searched for articles in Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases published in English before May 2024, involving osteoporosis screening for adults after stroke. Title and abstract screening as well as full text review and data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Analysis of the studies is descriptive and narrative. Eight articles met inclusion criteria: five published articles and three peer-reviewed conference abstracts. Three study designs were utilized: four cross-sectional studies, three cohort studies, and one survey. Four studies investigated post-stroke osteoporosis screening rates, two looked at screening pathways for post-stroke osteoporosis, and two assessed novel osteoporosis screening tools. No post-stroke osteoporosis screening guidelines were found. Across all included studies, reported screening rates for post-stroke osteoporosis were less than 10%. This scoping review emphasizes the need for osteoporosis screening guidelines and risk assessment tools specific to the post-stroke population.

Virtual Reality Versus Simulation in the Management of Trauma Based Scenarios-A Systematic Review.

Simulation allows trainees to practice skills safely. It is the current gold standard method of teaching. More recently, novel methods such as virtual reality and augmented reality are being explored as possible alternative methods. To evaluate the current evidence pertaining to simulation and virtual reality as methods of teaching in teaching trauma management. Medline and Embase (via Ovid interface) were used to search for articles up to April 2023. A combination of the following MeSH terms were employed in the primary search string - "virtual reality," "simulation," "surgery," "trauma," and "medical education." 3815 studies were initially identified. After de-duplication, 2648 articles were screened using Covidence. Forty articles underwent full text review. Thirteen studies were included in the final review with a pooled total of 489 participants. Significant heterogeneity exists in the range of participants, scenarios and parameters assessed. The overall self-reported perception of VR as a teaching modality is positive and is well accepted however objective assessment and validation is needed. VR can be useful for training and evaluation of trauma-based scenarios. It is a useful adjunct but is unlikely to replace simulation at present. More robust and replicable studies with larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate the long-term integration of virtual reality and augmented reality into the medical and surgical teaching curriculum.

Implications of opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients: A scoping review

ObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review was to evaluate literature involving opioid-sparing medications in critically ill patients with a focus on clinically meaningful outcomes. DesignScoping review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. SettingIntensive care unit. Patients or participantsAdult patients in an intensive care unit setting. InterventionsNone. Main variables of interestPubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from October 1, 2019 to June 1, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials evaluating adjunctive analgesic use in adult patients in an intensive care unit setting. ResultsThere were 343 citations and titles identified in the initial search, with 328 remaining after removal of duplicates, 294 excluded at title and abstract screening, 34 available for full text review, and six included in the scoping review. Most studies reported modest reductions in opioid use as a secondary endpoint. Improvement in clinical outcomes such as reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation or delirium were reported in two trials with dexmedetomidine. ConclusionsIn recently published trials of adjunctive agents in critically ill patients, opioid-sparing effects were small. Data to support improvements in clinical outcomes remains limited.

Effects of drugs on the oxygen dissociation curve-a scoping review.

The shape and position of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) is of critical importance in medicine, as it determines the uptake of O2 in the lungs and the delivery of O2 to the tissues. Numerous reports have identified affinity-modulating effects of drugs in humans. Such effects may be relevant to conditions such as pulmonary diffusion disorders, peripheral vascular disease, or coronary artery disease. The aim of this scoping review was to assess and summarize the current evidence on these effects. The review was based on the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane Library and only included papers with free full-text access. The search covers all papers published before September 2024 and used the following keywords: "Oxygen affinity" or "oxygen dissociation curve" in combination with > 100 substance classes that should cover most drugs in clinical use. The search returned 2447 hits of which 80 were selected for further full text review. In terms of discipline, cardiology accounted for the largest proportion, and in terms of effect quality, a right-ward shift resulting in improved tissue oxygenation was most common. For example, quantitative data show an increase in P50 of 6.1-12.4% and 25-53% for propranolol and RSR13, respectively. Despite a substantial body of data, the effects of the vast majority of drugs on the ODC have not been studied or have not been studied in sufficient detail. The undeniable potential for medical interventions to alter the ODC calls for revival of this area of research.

Cardiovascular Diseases and Sensorineural Hearing Loss-A Systematic Review of the Literature.

To assess the relationship of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. A systematic review was performed. Studies were identified using Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane from 1946 to 2023. Per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, abstracts were screened for primary review. Full texts were reviewed for secondary review. There were 3,440 unique abstracts screened. After primary review of abstracts and secondary full text review, 68 articles were included. The relationship between SNHL and the following CVDs, risk factors, and interventions were ascertained: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, coronary artery disease (CAD), carotid stenosis (CS), myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), other arteriosclerosis, cerebral small vascular disease, cerebrovascular accident (CVA), transient ischemic attack (TIA), peripheral vascular disease (PVD), hyperlipidemia (HLD), hypertension (HTN), and diabetes mellitus (DM). CABG and CAD were consistently associated with SNHL. DM was associated with SNHL, but HTN and HLD were not consistently associated. There is a complex relationship between CVDs and SNHL. CABG and CAD were consistently associated with SNHL. DM was associated with SNHL, but other CVD risk factors (HTN and HLD) did not appear to consistently correlate with SNHL, raising consideration that SNHL is a later finding in those with CVD.

Mapping Hospital in the Home Models of Care: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to describe and compare the characteristics of Hospital in the Home (HITH) models of care within Australia. A systematic review of peer-reviewed Australian literature. Seven databases were searched in January 2024, followed by citation searching. Articles were included if they were described the HITH model of care and were published between 1994 and 2024. Covidence was used to facilitate the removal of duplicates, independent total and abstract screening and full text review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used to assess the quality of evidence, and title and abstract screening and full text review were completed by multiple authors. This ensured that all articles met the inclusion criteria and were then assessed, and the final articles were assessed using matrix analysis, and results were presented using narrative synthesis. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria, highlighting three models care; the medical model, the nursing model and the brokerage model. There is limited research available that includes the model of care and patient outcomes. Future research needs to consider the differences between HITH programs, such as the model of care, admission pathway, utilisation of telehealth and geography of the population. This review may assist Australian HITH health professionals to improve the efficacy of the HITH model of care delivered within their health service and increase translatability of future HITH research. This study highlighted for the first time the models of HITH care utilised within Australia. Three models of care are currently utilised within Australia, this knowledge may assist health services seeking to enhance their HITH model of care and policy writers. This review adhered to the EQUATOR guidelines, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. No patient or public contribution. Registered with the international prospective register for protocols of systematic reviews in health social care CRD42024500950.

The relationship between climate change and mental health: a systematic review of the association between eco-anxiety, psychological distress, and symptoms of major affective disorders

Background and objectivesThe adverse impacts of climate change on mental health is a burgeoning area, although findings are inconsistent. The emerging concept of eco-anxiety represents distress in relation to climate change and may be related to mental health. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between eco-anxiety with validated mental health outcomes, specifically psychological distress and symptoms of major affective disorders.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEBSCO, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases were searched to February 2024 for studies of adult samples quantifying eco-anxiety (exposure, i.e. fear, worry or anxiety in relation to climate change) and symptoms of psychological distress and major affective disorders (outcomes), as assessed by validated measures.ResultsFull text review of 83 studies was performed, and k = 35 studies were included in the review (N = 45 667, 61% female, Mage 31.2 years). Consistently, eco-anxiety showed small to large positive correlations with mental health outcomes of psychological distress, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress symptoms. However, results regarding post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and pathological worry were mixed. Stronger associations were observed where eco-anxiety was operationalised as ‘anxiety’ rather than ‘worry’.ConclusionsFindings underscore that eco-anxiety is related to psychological burden. Greater consideration of eco-anxiety in assessment and treatment is needed in clinical practice and further policy development is warranted at the intersection of climate and health to address the mental health challenges posed by climate change.

Perspectives on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the frail population: a scoping review.

Frail and elderly persons approaching end of life who suffer cardiac arrest are often subject to rigorous, undignified, and inappropriate resuscitation attempts despite poor outcomes. This scoping review aims to investigate how people feel about the appropriateness of CPR in this population. This review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR methodological framework. A search strategy was developed for four online databases (MEDLINE, EMCARE, PSYCHINFO, CINAHL). Two reviewers were utilised for title/abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. Full text, peer reviewed studies were eligible for inclusion which discussed perspectives in the frail and/or elderly population with a focus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The database search yielded 3693 references (MEDLINE n = 1417, EMCARE n = 1505, PSYCHINFO n = 13, CINAHL n = 758). Following removal of duplicates (n = 953), title and abstract screening was performed on 2740 papers. A total of 2634 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies were included in the scoping review and analysed for data extraction. Five themes emerged: (i) Preferences towards CPR, (ii) Preferences against CPR, (iii) Poor knowledge of CPR/Estimated survival rates, (iv) Do Not Resuscitate Orders, and (v) Decisional authority. This scoping review maps and describes the common perspectives shared by CPR stakeholders in the frail/elderly population. Findings revealed CPR decisions are often made based on incorrect knowledge, DNAR orders are frequently underused, CPR decisional authority remains vague and healthcare professionals have mixed views on the appropriateness of CPR in this population.

Construal level theory and online reviews: A search stage perspective

Drawing on Construal Level Theory, we propose that consumer search stage (i.e., screening or selecting), not psychological distance, interacts with review features to influence review helpfulness. Through an online experiment, we test the interaction effects between textual concreteness, review valence and consumer search on review helpfulness at close and far temporal distances. Our findings support a congruency effect between consumer search stage and textual concreteness, showing that positive, abstract reviews are more helpful in the screening stage, while negative, concrete reviews are more helpful in the selection stage. Conversely, temporal distance had a negligible effect. Our results suggest that consumer search stages may confound previous findings on psychological distance and review helpfulness and have practical implications regarding review relevance for consumers.

Accuracy of diagnostic tests for perilymphatic fistula: protocol for a systematic review.

To systematically review the literature for qualitative evidence exploring the diagnostic tests for the PLF diagnosis. The proposed systematic review will answer the following question: What is the accuracy of diagnostic tests in detecting perilymphatic fistula in humans? Eligibility criteria: original peer-reviewed articles regarding studies on humans of any age containing data with diagnostic test accuracy estimation (sensitivity and specificity) for PLF diagnosis or in which diagnostic test accuracy could be calculated based on data provided, without language, study design or study date limits. MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Web of Science will be searched for eligible articles. Additional manual searches will be performed. Covidence software will be used for title and abstract screening, full text review and data extraction. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. If two or more high-quality articles evaluating the same diagnostic test will be identified, their findings will be quantitatively synthesized; if a quantitative synthesis is not feasible, the results will be described in a narrative summary. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework will be used to evaluate evidence strength. Study funded by Oslo University Hospital.

A data-driven large-scale group decision-making framework for managing ratings and text reviews

Even though the integration of sentiment analysis and decision-making techniques has become popular in recent years, most of the related studies only consider the obtained sentiment score, thus neglecting the numerical ratings that are usually attached to text reviews. This paper introduces STandR (Sentiment from Text and Ratings)-BUI (Basic Uncertain Information), a novel preference-modeling structure for data-driven decision-making using social media microblogging information. STandR-BUI combines both the numerical rating and the sentiment score of a product into a BUI value, which provides a more precise representation of users’ opinions. In addition, we propose a consensus framework to make decisions based on the STandR-BUI values which can manage thousands of user reviews. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Pancreatic Cystic Lesions in Children: A Comprehensive Scoping Review

Abstract Objective Pediatric pancreatic cystic lesions (PPCL) are uncommon and differ from adult pancreatic cystic lesions. Literature is limited on the etiologies, evaluation, and management of PPCL. A multidisciplinary working group formed to provide a comprehensive description of PPCL and recommend best available evidence-based evaluation and management. Methods The PPCL working group performed a scoping review by two methods: 1) a targeted literature review to describe PPCL, and 2) a systematic literature review for management recommendations for PPCL. The systematic review was completed using a two-stage sifting approach: title and abstract screening followed by a full text review. Results 131 studies were included in the systematic review and an additional 20 were included in the targeted search to complete a comprehensive list of PPCL. 5 neoplastic PPCL and 10 non-neoplastic PPCL were identified, and prevalence of different cystic lesions differs widely in adults and children. Recommendations on evaluation and management of PPCL are presented based on best available evidence. Conclusions We present a comprehensive review and evidence-based management recommendations with management algorithms for pediatric pancreatic cystic lesions. Given the rarity of many of these entities, this review also highlights many aspects of PPCL which are not adequately described in the current literature.

DANA App Sentiment Analysis: Comparison of XGBoost, SVM, and Extra Trees

This research aims to analyze sentiment on DANA application reviews to find out user perceptions by comparing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extra Trees Classifier classification methods. DANA application review data is obtained from the Kaggle site which consists of 50,000 Indonesian-language reviews labeled with positive and negative sentiments. The research stages include data preprocessing to clean and prepare the review text, applying word weighting using Word2Vec to give weight to words based on their context, balancing sentiment classes using SMOTE to address the imbalance of positive and negative review classes. It should be noted that the initial proportion of data before applying SMOTE may affect the results. The data is then divided into training and testing sets, then the models are trained and evaluated using Confusion Matrix and K-Fold Cross-Validation. The results of the three classification methods are measured by the accuracy matrix and F1-Score to assess model performance, the SVM and XGBoost methods obtained an accuracy of 93% and the ETC method achieved an F1-Score value of 96% at K=6, the three models proved to be very accurate in predicting the sentiment of DANA application reviews both positive and negative. The practical implications of this research can identify areas for application improvement, develop popular features, personalize services based on user preferences, and manage application reputation.

Implicit cultural policies in Zimbabwe: insights from Stephen Joel Chifunyise’s plays and theatre

Sometimes cultural policies are dismissed and criticized by some artists and cultural practitioners as banal and other times they are deemed pivotal in the democratization of culture, cultural democracy and the advancement of a democratic society. This ambivalent perception of arts and cultural policies results in many missed opportunities in the production and distribution of cultural and creative expressions like plays and theatre. This paper sets out to answer the question about how cultural policies shape the advancement of cultural and creative expressions in post-independence Zimbabwe. Stephen Joel Chifunyise’s plays and theatre as case examples provide insightful snippets of the role and power of cultural policies in the advancement of the cultural and creative sector and the broader society. This is achieved through a review of academic publications, policy documents and cultural policy texts. The theoretical lens partially deployed here is interpretive policy analysis, which reads the meaning of cultural policies through authored and constructed policy texts such as plays, theatre productions, theatre infrastructure, theatre festivals, publishing houses, book fairs, policy documents and public pronouncements. In addition to the interpretive policy analysis, I also deploy the concept of explicit and implicit cultural policies to comprehensively look at the role of direct cultural policies and indirect cultural policies in the theatre sector in Zimbabwe. The second lens is used to analyse the impact of Zimbabwean implicit and explicit cultural policies on the theatre sector through Chifunyise’s plays and theatre. In critically answering the central question, this paper argues that Zimbabwe has several implicit cultural policies whose effect on the theatre is felt more through constructed cultural policy texts than authored cultural policy texts, and thus, all cultural expressions are inevitably shaped by one cultural policy or the other.

A scoping review of the integration of non-medical prescribing for acute common clinical conditions by community pharmacists

Abstract Introduction Non-medical prescribing enhances patient care, safety, and medication accessibility, while also maximising expertise1. Some evidence exists for a variety of factors at individual, organisational, regulatory, and policy levels impacting the implementation of PP in community pharmacy2. Common clinical conditions (CCC) can be defined as ‘a broad range of self-limiting conditions that are more complex in their diagnosis and treatment than minor ailments and management that often involves the need for prescription medicines’. Aim To collate and characterise literature on the integration of non-medical prescribing for acute common clinical conditions by community pharmacists. Method This scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The review team comprised a doctoral student (LK), a research fellow (TJ) and a professor of pharmacy (SC), all with experience of review methodology, community pharmacy research and /or practice. Eligibility criteria, search databases and terms were defined. Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Google Scholar were searched for full text, English language, peer reviewed original papers, randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional and cohort studies, papers reporting empirical data from primary research and review articles including systematic reviews /scoping reviews /narrative reviews from January 2006 to October 2023. The (global) focus was on services delivered by pharmacists and pharmacy team members in community pharmacy for the management of CCC, using non-medical prescribing rights. Search terms included “independent prescrib*”, “pharm* independent prescri*”, “pharm* prescrib*”, “non-medical prescri*, “non-medical prescri*”, “pharm* supplementary prescri*” and “collaborative prescrib*”. Following screening and full text review a narrative synthesis approach3 was used to address the aim which involved: preliminary synthesis through data extraction and tabulation of key study characteristics, exploration of relationships and differences across the studies and finally evaluation of the robustness of the synthesis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research provided a theoretical lens to support synthesis, identifying barriers and facilitators for integration. All steps were independently checked by two review team members. Ethics approval was not required because this was a scoping review. Results From a total 1018 records identified, 10 papers remained after removal of duplicates, title /abstract screening and full text review. The majority of studies were from Canada and the aims and linked outcomes of studies focused on pharmacists’ views and experiences, evaluation of safety, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. A range of CCCs were included with a focus on antibiotic prescribing. A wide range of barriers and facilitators to implementation were identified including “regulatory constraints” and “fiscal challenges” at a macro socio-organisational level and a plethora of dichotomous challenges within organisations including a lack of clarity on the pharmacist’s scope of practice and linked consumer confusion, staffing levels and workload, with specific mention of paperwork and access to patient records. Conclusion The small number of studies included indicates that there is a paucity of research in this area. There is a need for increased efforts to consider this topic further and identify ways to address the challenges for further widespread implementation and uptake of such services.

Sexualized drug use and chemsex: A bibliometric and content analysis of published literature

ABSTRACT Sexualized drug use (SDU) describes drug-facilitated sexual enhancement, and chemsex is an SDU subculture involving the use of specific drugs by men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to identify research trends, foci, and themes within the SDU and chemsex-specific literature. The Web of Science Core Collection was searched with a list of SDU synonyms. All SDU-related articles were analyzed using the R package, bibliometrix. Full text review identified chemsex-specific records, and text was extracted verbatim for content analysis in Leximancer. The search returned 1,866 unique records. A total of 521 addressed SDU, and 301 papers specifically addressed chemsex. The small but growing SDU literature primarily addressed consensual encounters between MSM, and drug-facilitated assault experienced by women, in Western settings. Little attention was given to transgender communities or consensual SDU in cisgender heterosexual individuals. The literature primarily viewed SDU through a public health lens, specifically focusing on the risk conferred to sexual health.The SDU and chemsex-specific literature are potentially limited in scope and may inadequately capture the geographical, demographic, and cultural diversity of these phenomena. Future research should address the myriad social and health implications of SDU and chemsex participation across all relevant communities and settings.

Shepherding with Love: Apostle Peter's Guidance from 1 Peter 5:1-4 for Christian Educators

Jesus Christ, as the Chief Shepherd (1 Peter 5:4), serves as the primary model for spiritual leaders in fulfilling their pastoral duties. In John 10:11, Jesus is portrayed as a faithful Shepherd who lovingly cares for His sheep and is even willing to sacrifice His life for them. After His resurrection, Jesus appeared to His disciples and gave a special commission to Peter to undertake the pastoral task (John 21:15-17), emphasizing that this duty is a sacred calling entrusted by God to be carried out according to His will. This study aims to examine the Apostle Peter's advice on shepherding in 1 Peter 5:1-4 and its relevance for Christian Educators. The research employs a qualitative method using literature review and biblical text analysis to identify leadership principles in shepherding. The findings reveal that the Apostle Peter's advice includes four key principles for a shepherd's ministry: serving willingly, being sincere in devotion, exhibiting humility, and being a good example to the congregation. These principles are considered essential for cultivating the spirituality of service for a Christian Educator who acts as a lecturer or teacher. In conclusion, the Apostle Peter's advice on shepherding provides guidance for spiritual leaders to fulfill their roles as Christian Educators in accordance with Christ's example, characterized by love, integrity, and dedication.