Reverse Type Research Articles

An inquiry into the radial patterning of root hair cell distribution in eudicots.

The root epidermis of tracheophytes consists of hair-forming cells (HCs) and nonhair cells (NCs). The HC distribution pattern is classified into three types: random (Type I), vertically alternating (Type II), and radial (Type III). Type III is found only in core eudicots and is known to be position-dependent in superrosids with HCs positioned between two underlying cortical cells. However, the evolution of Type III and the universality of its position dependency in eudicots remain unclear. We surveyed the HC distribution in basal and Type III-exhibiting core eudicots and conducted genomic analyses to get insight into whether eudicots share the same genetic network to establish Type III. Our survey revealed no canonical Type III in basal eudicots but a reverse Type III, with NCs between two cortical cells and HCs on a single cortical cell, in Papaveraceae of basal eudicots. Type III-exhibiting species from both superrosids and superasterids showed the canonical position dependency of HCs. However, some key components for Type III determination were absent in the genomes of Papaveraceae and Type III-exhibiting superasterids. Our findings identify a novel position-dependent type of HC patterning, reverse Type III, and suggest that Type III emerged independently or diversified during eudicot evolution.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms underlying SADI-S Improves Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats through Liver Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis.

Metabolic surgery could improve or even reverse type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Single-anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) is one of the most effective metabolic surgeries for T2DM. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the SADI-S-induced T2DM improvement are not fully understood.Here,T2DM rats received SADI-S and were sacrificed after 8 weeks; the controls received sham surgery; Liver tissues were collected for transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs). Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was performed to validate the accuracy of the proteomics results.SADI-S significantly improved glucose metabolism in T2DM rats.A total of 120 genes/proteins(e.g., phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck1) and pyruvate kinase (Pklr)) exhibited consistent expression trends at both mRNA and protein levels. Among the upregulated genes/proteins involved in glucose metabolic pathways, enrichment was observed in pathways such as the pyruvate metabolic pathway, insulin signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis biological processes, glucagon signaling pathway, and AMPK signaling pathway. Downregulated genes/proteins were enriched in the pyruvate metabolic pathway. The above-mentioned signaling pathways are implicated in glucose metabolism, suggesting a potential mechanism for SADI-S-mediated alleviation of T2DM. The PRM validation results indicated that all selected proteins showed consistent trends between PRM and proteomics data. This consistency suggests the reliability of the proteomics results.

Beyond Photochromism: Alternative Stimuli to Trigger Diarylethenes Switching.

Diarylethenes (DAEs) are typical photochemically reversible type (P-type) photochromic materials with excellent thermal stability and high fatigue resistance and are widely exploited as photo-switches for various applications in molecular devices, data storage, photoresponsive materials, and bioimaging, etc. In recent years, there is an increasing number of reports using heat, acid, electrochemistry, etc. to drive the isomerization reaction of DAEs. The response to two or more different stimuli enables multi-functionality within a single DAE molecule, which would facilitate complex logic-gate operations, multimode data storage, and increased information density. Herein, the recent advances in DAE systems utilizing stimuli "beyond photo" to trigger the isomerization processes from three perspectives: acidochromism, thermochromism, and electrochromism are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the molecule design strategies and the underlying mechanisms for cyclization and cycloreversion processes addressed by the alternative stimulus. Then the noticeable applications made in multi-stimuli responsive DAE systems are summarized. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities of DAE switches driven by stimuli "beyond photo" in the future are also discussed.

“Cognitive and Cultural Dynamics of Melodic Structure: A Study of Post-Skip Reversals in Rast and Nihavent Makams"

Post skip reversals, where a significant melodic leap is followed by a change, in direction have been recognized in Western Classical music but haven't been extensively explored in non-Western traditions like Turkish makam music. We investigated the presence of skip reversals in both the Rast and Nihavent makam within SymbTr encompassing 50 and 45 pieces respectively. To compare types of skip reversals in Rast and Nihavent we categorized all melodic intervals based on their median pitch into four types; landing, approaching, departing and crossing. Chi Squared tests were utilized to analyze the significance of direction changes. Our findings reveal that post skip reversals are prevalent in Turkish makam music. In Rast makam 88.62% of crossing leaps resulted in a change of direction. Similarly, for Nihavent makam, 87.38% of crossing leaps exhibited this pattern. These outcomes support the notion that certain cognitive processes associated with reversals may possess traits that align with theories proposing that melodic skips generate a perceptual imbalance necessitating a reversal. Furthermore, cultural practices and stylistic conventions play a role, in influencing the occurrence of skip reversals. For instance, the strong association between crossing leaps and direction changes in Nihavent makam reflects specific stylistic practices within Turkish classical music, such as the emphasis on maintaining a balanced melodic contour. This indicates that while there are aspects to how we perceive music cultural influences play a role in shaping how these processes are expressed. It shows the interplay, between cognitive tendencies and cultural traditions. The findings focus on the complex interplay between universal cognitive processes, cultural practices and physical constraints, which contribute to a wider understanding of melodic organization in different cultures. In future research, the analysis should expand to include a wider range of makams and incorporate qualitative methods for deeper insight into cultural, historical or performance contexts that influence Post-skip reversal.

Effect of Genistein on Starch Digestion In Vitro and Its Mechanism of Action.

The digestive properties of starch are crucial in determining postprandial glycaemic excursions. Genistein, an active phytoestrogen, has the potential to influence starch digestion rates. We investigated the way genistein affected the digestive properties of starch in vitro. We performed enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for analysing the inhibitory properties of genistein on starch digestive enzymes as well as clarifying relevant mechanism of action. Our findings demonstrated that, following the addition of 10% genistein, the contents of slowly digestible and resistant starches increased by 30.34% and 7.18%, respectively. Genistein inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 0.69 ± 0.06 and 0.11 ± 0.04 mg/mL, respectively. Genistein exhibits a reversible and non-competitive inhibiting effect on α-amylase, while its inhibition on α-glucosidase is a reversible mixed manner type. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the presence of genistein caused declining fluorescence intensity of the two digestive enzymes. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed that genistein binds spontaneously to α-amylase via hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and π-stacking, whereas it binds with α-glucosidase via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. These findings suggest the potential for developing genistein as a pharmacologic agent for regulating glycaemic excursions.

Rational design of 2-benzylsulfinyl-benzoxazoles as potent and selective indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors to combat inflammation

Mimicking the transition state of tryptophan (Trp) and O2 in the enzymatic reaction is an effective approach to design indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors. In this study, we firstly assembled a small library of 2-substituted benzo-fused five membered heterocycles and found 2-sulfinyl-benzoxazoles with interesting IDO1 inhibitory activities. Next the inhibitory activity toward IDO1 was gradually improved. Several benzoxazoles showed potent IDO1 inhibitory activity with IC50 of 82–91 nM, and exhibited selectivity between IDO1 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Enzyme binding studies showed that benzoxazoles are reversible type II IDO1 inhibitors, and modeling studies suggested that the oxygen atom of the sulfoxide in benzoxazoles interacts with the iron atom of the heme group, which mimics the transition state of Fe-O-O-Trp complex. Especially, 10b can effectively inhibit the NO production in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and it also shows good anti-inflammation effect on mice acute inflammation model of croton oil induced ear edema.

Inclusive ABO-Incompatible Listing for Pediatric Heart Transplantation Results in Comparable Post-Transplant Rejection-Free Survival in a Single-Center Series.

ABO-incompatible (ABOi) heart transplantation (HT) has increased organ availability for infants with end-stage heart failure. Despite increasing adoption of ABOi listing for HT, data remain limited regarding pre- and post-HT immunologic profiles to guide listing practices and post-HT follow-up. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate post-HT outcomes at a single center employing inclusive ABOi listing irrespective of pre-HT isohemagglutinin titers. All HT recipients listed at less than 24months of age at our institution from 2010-2020 were included. Pre- and post-operative variables were compared for ABOi and ABO-compatible (ABOc) recipients. Separate iso-IgG and iso-IgM titers were monitored pre- and post-HT. Primary outcomes were compared between ABOi versus ABOc groups at mid-term follow-up. 51 HTs were performed on 50 patients from 2010-2020 (ABOi, N = 13; ABOc, N = 38). Six ABOi recipients received intra-operative plasma exchange for elevated titers (greater than 1:8 for IgG or IgM or reverse type greater than 2 +). Treated rejection, DSA, CAV, primary graft failure, need for re-HT, and survival were comparable between ABOi and ABOc groups at mid-term follow-up. An inclusive approach to ABOi HT listing for infants less than 24months of age results in comparable post-transplant rejection-free survival, CAV, and prevalence of DSA at mid-term follow-up. These data define a potential role for specific IgM and IgG testing to promote understanding of risk stratification in pediatric ABOi listing, and support an inclusive strategy irrespective of high pre-HT titers to expand the number of available donor hearts for infants and older children awaiting HT.

Structural characteristics of cell wall pectic polysaccharides from wampee and their decreased binding with pectinase by wampee polyphenol

To investigate the structural characteristics of cell wall pectic polysaccharides from wampee, water soluble pectin (WSP), chelator-soluble pectin (CSP) and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (SSP) were purified. And the inhibitory effects of wampee polyphenol (WPP) on pectinase when these cell wall pectic polysaccharides were used as substrates were also explored. Purified WSP (namely PWSP) had the lowest molecular weight (8.47 × 105 Da) and the highest GalA content (33.43%). While purified CSP (called PCSP) and SSP contained more abundant rhamnogalacturonan I side chains. All of them were low-methoxy pectin (DE < 50%). Enzyme activity and kinetics analysis showed that the inhibition of pectinase by wampee polyphenol was reversible and mixed type. When SSP was used as the substrate, WPP had the strongest inhibition (IC50 = 1.96 ± 0.06 mg/mL) on pectinase. Fluorescence quenching results indicated that WPP inhibited enzyme activity by interacting with substrates and enzymes. Therefore, WPP has the application potential in controlling softening of fruits and vegetables.

A Comprehensive Review of The Molecular Dynamic Study Of Chalcones, Coumarins and Chromones as Selective MAO‐B Inhibitors [2015‐Till Date

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) simulation is an in silico method used in the biomolecular level of research to study how the protein interacts with the target with time. It provides a detailed information of the protein dynamics and ligand structure with the crucial amino acid interactions. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO−B) is a crucial isoenzyme responsible for the catalyses of oxidative deamination of various biogenic amines in the brain and peripheral tissues. The selective inhibitors of MAO−B are considered as the management of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease(AD) and Parkinson disease(PD). Recently the structural scaffolds containing chalcones, coumarins and chromones derived candidates shown potent, selective, competitive and reversible type of MAO−B inhibitors. The structural similarities between the above scaffolds can produce almost similar type of interactions in the inhibitor binding cavity of MAO−B. Numerous molecular simulation reports were supported by the above mentioned fact. The current review focus on the last ten year molecular dynamics report of chalcones, coumarins and chromones towards MAO−B inhibition. The review also focuses on the software details used in the MD dynamics simulation and the structural requirement from each class of compound for the recognition of MAO−B inhibitory activity.

Classification of the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cyst and hydrocephalus based on treatment modalities: shunting versus neuroendoscopic approaches.

Children diagnosed with suprasellar arachnoid cysts often concurrently have hydrocephalus. This study aims to classify the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus, discussing surgical strategies-shunting or neuroendoscopic approaches-and their sequence, based on this classification. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 patients diagnosed with suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus, treated surgically by the first author between January 2016 and December 2020. Clinical features, radiological findings, surgical strategies, and outcomes were reviewed. The classification of the relationship between the suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus was developed and illustrated with specific cases. Recommendations for future surgical management based on this classification are provided. We classified the relationship between suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus into three categories. SACH-R1, the direct type, represents cases where the cysts cause obstructive hydrocephalus. Here, neuroendoscopic ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC) effectively treats both conditions. SACH-R2, the juxtaposed type, involves concurrent occurrences of cysts and hydrocephalus without a causative link. This is further subdivided into SACH-R2a, where acute progressive communicating hydrocephalus coexists with the cyst, initially managed with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, followed by VCC upon stabilization of hydrocephalus; and SACH-R2b, where the cyst coexists with chronic stable communicating hydrocephalus, first addressed with VCC, followed by monitoring and potential secondary shunting if needed. Key factors differentiating SACH-R2a from SACH-R2b include the patient's age, imaging signs of fourth ventricle and cisterna magna enlargement, and the rapid progression or chronic stability and severity of hydrocephalus symptoms. SACH-R3, the reverse type, describes scenarios where shunting for hydrocephalus leads to the development or enlargement of the cyst, managed via neuroendoscopic VCC with precautions to prevent infections in existing shunt systems. The simultaneous presence of suprasellar arachnoid cysts and hydrocephalus requires a nuanced understanding of their complex relationship for optimal surgical intervention. The analysis and classification of their relationship are crucial for determining appropriate surgical approaches, including the choice and sequence of shunting and neuroendoscopic techniques. Treatment should be tailored to the specific type identified, rather than blindly opting for neuroendoscopy. Particularly for SACH-R2a cases, we recommend initial ventriculoperitoneal shunting.

A parametric study of precession driven dynamos inside a sphere

The dynamo actions of an electrically conducting fluid in a precessing sphere are investigated over a wide range of parameters by direct numerical simulation using a Galerkin spectral method. The focus of this work is to identify the most promising parameter regimes for the dynamo action and to investigate the characteristics of the magnetic field generated by precession. The influence of different nutation angles (30°,60°,90°) and different precession ratios on the ability to drive dynamo action are investigated. The optimal angle for dynamo actions is found at 90°, followed by 60° with retrograde precession. A moderate precession ratio around 0.3 is shown to be more feasible for dynamo actions. A rich set of self-sustained dynamo solutions are obtained in the parameter space we explored, including steady, periodic, quasi-periodic, and turbulent dynamos. The structure of the generated magnetic fields is analyzed by using helical wave decomposition. None of the precession driven dynamos we obtained produce a predominantly dipolar field, contrary to the convection driven dynamos. The long-time evolution of the magnetic dipole moment is investigated and different types of polarity reversals are observed.

A green and economic approach to synthesize magnetic Lagenaria siceraria biochar (γ-Fe2O3-LSB) for methylene blue removal from aqueous solution.

In the printing and textile industries, methylene blue (a cationic azo dye) is commonly used. MB is a well-known carcinogen, and another major issue is its high content in industrial discharge. There are numerous removal methodologies that have been employed to remove it from industrial discharge; however, these current modalities have one or more limitations. In this research, a novel magnetized biochar (γ-Fe2O3-LSB) was synthesized using Lagenaria siceraria peels which were further magnetized via the co-precipitation method. The synthesized γ-Fe2O3-LSB was characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction, Raman, SEM-EDX, BET, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) for the analysis of magnetic properties. γ-Fe2O3-LSB showed a reversible type IV isotherm, which is a primary characteristic of mesoporous materials. γ-Fe2O3-LSB had a specific surface area (SBET = 135.30 m2/g) which is greater than that of LSB (SBET = 11.54 m2/g). γ-Fe2O3-LSB exhibits a saturation magnetization value (Ms) of 3.72emu/g which shows its superparamagnetic nature. The batch adsorption process was performed to analyze the adsorptive removal of MB dye using γ-Fe2O3-LSB. The adsorption efficiency of γ-Fe2O3-LSB for MB was analyzed by varying parameters like the initial concentration of adsorbate (MB), γ-Fe2O3-LSB dose, pH effect, contact time, and temperature. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamics were also studied after optimizing the protocol. The non-linear Langmuir model fitted the best to explain the adsorption isotherm mechanism and resulting adsorption capacity ( =54.55mg/g). The thermodynamics study showed the spontaneous and endothermic nature, and pseudo-second-order rate kinetics was followed during the adsorption process. Regeneration study showed that γ-Fe2O3-LSB can be used up to four cycles. In laboratory setup, the cost of γ-Fe2O3-LSB synthesis comes out to be 162.75 INR/kg which is low as compared to commercially available adsorbents. The results obtained suggest that magnetic Lagenaria siceraria biochar, which is economical and efficient, can be used as a potential biochar material for industrial applications in the treatment of wastewater.

2D Geological Structure Identification in Mount Ciremai Geothermal Area using the GGMplus Data.

West Java’s Mount Ciremai holds substantial geothermal potential, marked by hot spring manifestations, which can be an alternative energy source. This research utilizes the GGMplus satellite gravity method, employing First Horizontal Derivative (FHD), Second Vertical Derivative (SVD), and 2D inversion to analyze the geothermal area’s geological structure and subsurface conditions. The results reveal fault structures, including reverse and normal fault types in Mount Ciremai. Specific details for both the Pejambon and Sangkanhurip lines and the Pejambon and Ciniru lines indicate distinct layers with varying densities (2.4 – 2.7 g/cm3) and depths. These layers comprise pyroclastic flow deposits, andesite-basaltic rock, caprock (clay rock), and a reservoir (sandstone), shedding light on the geothermal potential of this region.

Garcinol: A novel and potent inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme

Extracellular matrix (ECM) contains hyaluronic acid (HA) as its integral part that is involved in numerous functional activities within the body. Degradation of HA by hyaluronidase enzyme involved in many pathophysiological conditions such as asthma, arthritis, COPD and in venom spreading during envenomation. Inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme has a wide range of application along with the hyaluronan-hyaluronidase system. In this present study, we have evaluated the inhibitory effect of garcinol against hyaluronidase from Hippasa partita spider venom (HPHyal), bovine testicular hyaluronidase (BTH) and human serum hyaluronidase. Garcinia indica fruit rind has been used to isolate the active component garcinol. Garcinol has been used in treatment of diverse ailments. Garcinol has exhibited anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, HAT inhibition and miRNA deregulator in development and progression of cancers. Experimental data have shown that garcinol completely inhibited all the three tested hyaluronidase enzymes. The inhibition was found to be non-competitive pattern with reversible type. In the docking study, garcinol with hyaluronidase enzyme has been stabilized by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Thus, garcinol could be a potent novel inhibitor of hyaluronidase enzyme which can be further used for pharmacotherapeutic applications.

Stress field in northeastern Japan and its relationship with faults of recent earthquakes

Inversion tectonics, in which old normal faults act as reverse faults in current stress fields, are frequently observed in northeastern Japan (Tohoku District); however, the conditions that control these fault activities remain unclear. To improve the identification of faults that are more favorable to slip under current stress conditions, the regional fault mechanisms in the Tohoku District must be better understood. The stress field in the Tohoku District and the likelihood of fault activities were thus estimated using slip tendency (ST) analysis. The results show that in the eastern margin of the Japan Sea (EMJS), the reverse fault type is dominant in the stress field. The maximum horizontal direction changes clockwise from E–W to NW–SE from the northern to the southern regions and counterclockwise from NW–SE to E–W from the Japan Sea to the inland area. In the Tohoku inland area, the estimated direction of the maximum horizontal axis changed after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake, from E–W to WNW–ESE. ST values were calculated for seven events in the EMJS area. To avoid the influence of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake, only stress field data prior to the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake were used to determine ST values for four of the events in the Tohoku inland area. The results showed eastward-dipping fault planes with low dip angles (approximately 30°–45°) and large ST values (approximately > 0.7). The large ST values indicate that the stress field fault is favorable to slip and the results were consistent with the actual fault plane in the EMJS area. However, in the Tohoku inland area and the southern part of fault model of the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake, fault planes with large ST values were found to be inconsistent with the slipped fault plane, thus indicating that slipping was unfavorable. The regional differences are consistent with the volcano distribution and thus, the fluid supply from volcanic activity may have helped the fault slip under difficult stress conditions.Graphical

Mechanism of Action of Oral Salmonella-Based Vaccine to Prevent and Reverse Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice.

A combination therapy of preproinsulin (PPI) and immunomodulators (TGFβ+IL10) orally delivered via genetically modified Salmonella and anti-CD3 promoted glucose balance in in NOD mice with recent onset diabetes. The Salmonella bacteria were modified to express the diabetes-associated antigen PPI controlled by a bacterial promoter in conjunction with over-expressed immunomodulating molecules. The possible mechanisms of action of this vaccine to limit autoimmune diabetes remained undefined. In mice, the vaccine prevented and reversed ongoing diabetes. The vaccine-mediated beneficial effects were associated with increased numbers of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs, CD4+CD49b+LAG3+ Tr1-cells, and tolerogenic dendritic-cells (tol-DCs) in the spleens and lymphatic organs of treated mice. Despite this, the immune response to Salmonella infection was not altered. Furthermore, the vaccine effects were associated with a reduction in islet-infiltrating lymphocytes and an increase in the islet beta-cell mass. This was associated with increased serum levels of the tolerogenic cytokines (IL10, IL2, and IL13) and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, GM-CSF, IL6, IL12, and TNFα) and chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5). Overall, the data suggest that the Salmonella-based vaccine modulates the immune response, reduces inflammation, and promotes tolerance specifically to an antigen involved in autoimmune diabetes.

아동상담사의 역전이 경험에 대한 주관성 연구

Objectives This study applied Q methodology to type the subjectivity of child counselors' countertransference ex-periences and identify the characteristics of each type in order to identify the subjective perceptions and charac-teristics of each type according to the countertransference experiences of child counselors.&#x0D; Methods To this end, a total of 143 statements were derived through literature research and in-depth interviews for a total of 26 days from March 20 to April 15, 2023, and a total of 25 child counselors were selected as the P sample and Q classification was conducted. . The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL Program.&#x0D; Results As a result of the study, the types of child counselors' countertransference experiences were classified into a total of four types, with type 1 being the 'countertransference self-reflection type' who believed that they experienced inner maturity and growth as a human being, and type 2 being the 'countertransference type' as an expert. ‘Countertransference management ability type’, who thinks they have experienced the need for the ability to manage themselves, Type 3 is the ‘Countertransference Active Acceptance Type’, who thinks they have experi-enced acknowledging and accepting countertransference rather than denying it, and Type 4 is self-managed. The 'reverse transfer professionalism improvement type' was found to have experienced improvement in expertise by encountering problems.&#x0D; Conclusions Through the results of this study, we focused on the perception of child counselors' counter-transference experiences, classified and confirmed the structure of child counselors' subjective perception of countertransference, and provided information on accessibility and ways for child counselors to manage and pre-vent countertransference. We hope it will be used as relevant basic data.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Analysis of Alpha Arbutin and Niacinamide in Facial Whitening Creams

The combination of alpha arbutin and niacinamide is often used in facial whitening creams at relatively small levels so required valid analysis method. This study aimed to develop HPLC method for analyzing alpha arbutin and niacinamide in three brands of whitening creams. The HPLC system developed was a reverse phase type with a C₁₈ column and the mobile phase was a mixture of metanol: aquabidest (20:80, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 274 nm. The results showed that all parameters met the requirements. The linearity test yielded a correlation value was r= 0.999. The LOD value for alpha arbutin was 0.405 µg/mL and the LOD for niacinamide was 0.398 µg/mL. The LOQ value of alpha arbutin was 1.351 µg/mL, the LOQ for niacinamide was 1.327 µg/mL and the selectivity was good. Precision test results with %RSD ≤ 2% and accuracy tests yielded values in the 99.04-100.97% range. The content of alpha arbutin in brand A was 0.651%, brand B was 0.551%, and brand C was 0.878%. The content of niacinamide in brand A was 0.526%; brand B was 0.680% and brand C was 1.053%. The results of the analysis meet the requirements.

Development of technology for complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke

According to global analytical agencies the most promising area of development of the food industry is the enrichment of food products with physiologically functional ingredients – dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc. Analysis of the market for functional ingredients indicates the prospects of organizing the production of domestic inulin and other biologically active components from various anatomical parts herbaceous tuberous plant of the Sunflower genus – Jerusalem artichoke, the distinctive features of which are high yield of tubers, unpretentiousness to cultivation conditions, resistance to diseases and pests. The purpose of the research was to develop a technology for the production of inulin and chlorophyll from Jerusalem artichoke tubers and leaves. The work used generally accepted physical and chemical methods for studying plant objects. The results of the research made it possible to establish optimal technological parameters for the process of extracting inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers with a 60% aqueous-alcohol solution. The technology has been proposed for the production of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, based on the fractionation of a mixture of components with different molecular weights, by passing them through polyamide composite membranes of reverse osmosis roll type. It has been established that the molecular weight of inulin isolated from Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the «Interes» variety is 5.84 kDa. It has been revealed that Jerusalem artichoke leaves contain a and b chlorophyll in amounts of 6.98 and 0.74 mg/g of wet matter. Copper chlorophyll derivatives isolated from Jerusalem artichoke leaves are promising not only as food colorings, but also as biologically active substances with a wide spectrum of action. The target products obtained using the proposed technology – inulin and copper derivatives of chlorophylls – can find wide practical application in the food industry and in public catering.

Effect of Roll Angle Configurations of a Reverse Delta Type Add-on Device on Wing Tip Vortex Alleviation

An add-on device in the shape of a reverse delta has shown the ability to alleviate wake vortices. The present work studies the interaction of the wing tip vortex and the reverse delta type add-on device vortices. This paper looks at the vortex interactions generated downstream of the wing tip in planes perpendicular to the free stream direction and their dependence on roll angles φ at a mean chord-based Reynolds number of Rec=2.75×105. The study reveals that the add-on device causes a reduction in the tangential velocity V and vorticity of the resultant vortex by up to 44.1% and 59.4%, respectively. Also, it is found that the resultant vortex core radius increased by 305%. The results indicate that the reverse delta type add-on device implants countersign vorticity into the wing tip vortex and modifies its roll-up process.