Revenue Planning Research Articles

Kewenangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah dalam Pengendalian Pelaksanaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (Studi pada Pemerintah Daerah Tulang Bawang)

As according to Government Regulation Number 41 Year 2007 about region ware organization, so it is published a Government Regulation of Lampung Province Number 9 Year 2007 about the formation of finance office administration organization of Lampung Province. Based on explanation above, so that be troubleshoot in this research is how does Finance Office Authority of Lampung Province in management and control towards Revenue Plan Execution and Region Expense (APBD) at Lampung Province. This research Method uses a judicial normative and empirical approach. In carry out the function as Region Finance Official Manager (PPKD), so Province Finance Office must give warning to various related parties related to Revenue Plan Execution and Region Expense (APBD) like Region Ware Work Unit (SKPD) with do socialization with submit estimation management communicatively to each Region Ware Work Unit (SKPD). Local government on the contrary do anticipative action in takes wisdom to avoid deficit estimation with balances between income and region expense.

Intergovernmental transfers between 1940 and 2010 and distinct policy regimes: An empirical study

AbstractThis study examines five national public policy areas where states and local governments received grants-in-aid from the federal government; these grants approximate a fifth of their yearly revenue budgets. Knowing the historical trends and concentrations can minimize expectation errors of practitioners and policy makers and facilitate future revenue planning. The grants examined between 1940 and 2010 include income security, health, education and training, economic and regional development, and transportation. The study uses agency theory to rationalize relationships among the governments, and applies statistical modeling, multiple means comparisons and discriminant analyses to test whether there are distinct policy concentrations and differences among policy regimes. Our findings show transfers were continuous, physically important and unaffected significantly by adjustments due to size and prices. The study found concentrations and differences among policy regimes.

Effective VAT Rates and Administrative Discretion in China

This paper highlights the difference between statutory and effective tax rates in the value added tax in China, and explores the role of administrative discretion in generating this difference. In China, unlike in Europe where the VAT originated, there can be significant differences between effective and statutory rates because of features of tax administration. The tax is collected at local level, but tax administrators have a centrally directed revenue plan to meet. They in turn have a range of elements of individual discretion in their tax collecting activities as they both administer the tax and meet their plan. We discuss what the elements of administrative discretion in China’s VAT are, and access a firm level data set from the National Bureau of Statistics to explore the implications of administrative discretion in oversight of the tax. In this dataset, VAT payable at firm level is reported and the data point to effective tax rates that can on average be close to double the statutory rate. These rates, however, vary by type of enterprise, by time, by region and other characteristics.

Unrealistic revenue planning by givers and takers in Bremen

Die Haushaltsnotlage Bremens ist bereits chronisch. Sie wurde immer wieder mit Sanierungsprogrammen bekampft, allerdings gingen die Gestalter dieser Programme regelmasig von einem ubertrieben optimistischen Einnahmewachstum aus. Tatsachlich kam es dann aber in der Regel nicht zu einer positiven Entwicklung. Der Autor mahnt eine realistischere Einahmeplanung fur die kunftige Infrastruktur- und Steuerpolitik an.

Making a river of gold

This article examines the forms of state planning associated with neoliberalism, through a history and ethnography of the Kolkata Port Trust during liberalization. All state plans are promised futures which create a contested dialogue between bureaucrats and citizens. Neoliberal governance makes these interactions particularly ambiguous and opaque, because it relies on decentralized, speculative planning and the stimulation of public-private partnerships. These produce diverse, behind-the-scenes negotiations whose outcome is entirely different from the schemes initially outlined in textual state promises. It also places low-level bureaucrats in a liminal, Janus-faced role, in which they act both to create and to cross a boundary between public and private action. This new mode of rule is particularly problematic in settings such as the Hooghly River, where informality dominates in labor relationships. Bureaucrats deploy practices previously associated with “corruption” and patronage in order to enfold networks of unprotected labor into the revenue streams and plans of the state.

KAJIAN KOMPETENSI ANGGOTA DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH KABUPATEN - KOTA SUKABUMI, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

The overall picture of the regional legislative members competency both in the regency or in the city of Sukabumi to do their function in legislatory, budgetary, and supervisory showed very critical condition to be well fixed in immediate constructs. The intellectual capacity as well as the standard behavior and technical skills to produce local regulations are still pretty weak. Generally speaking the local legislative members knowledgebility about their three main tasks and functions which are to do with local economic development, local tax and retribution, also the creation of condusive business entrepreneurship climate, all of them have lommed to be very sluggish. More substancially, the mastery of basic competencies to do with the settlement of local budgeting and revenue planning are still being handycap. This research discusses the profile of those of three main synergetic competences of local legislative members in Sukabumi, both the city and the regency. The three main synergetic competences of that of local legislative members cover local-law-legislation, local-development-supervision, and local-budgeting. More specifically, those three main variables of legislative competence were also analyzed by using five parameters of competence which are technical, managerial, strategical, social, and ethical.

The complexities and challenges of the airline fare management process and alignment with revenue management

Fare management is the first step in the revenue planning process. The success of an airline's revenue management programme makes a fundamental assumption that the customer segmentation and associated price points accurately reflect current market conditions. The ramifications of an ineffective fare management process have a detrimental impact on revenue management and can result in less than optimal inventory controls leading to both revenue dilution and potential loss of market share. This paper examines the airline fare management process based on proactive, reactive and demand management tactics, its complexities and challenges and provides recommendations on how to improve an airline's fare management process to generate incremental revenues.

Cost and revenue planning and control at Stuttgart Airport

Stuttgart Airport has undertaken a series of projects to enhance its cost and revenue controlling system in order to support decision making and strategy in the changing market. The system answers questions like: Where can we achieve additional efficiency? Which market segments and which customers account for profits, which add to losses, and why? What drives the degree of resource utilisation and which resources show efficient utilisation and which do not? How many passengers will there be next year? With which airlines and on which routes? What resources will be needed in order to meet the demand and what cost impact will this have? The system also responds to ‘what if’ scenarios, such as a new airline entering the Stuttgart market, an airline ceasing operations, a particular destination performing well or poorly etc. The system considers both airport operations as well as ground handling.

Decision support in online travel retailing

Online travel retailing is an e-commerce success story. Different retail models exist to sell travel products over the web. These models include online travel agencies, supplier websites, distressed inventory websites, reverse auction web sites, shopping bots, search engines, and portals. Online travel agencies, such as Expedia and Travelocity, are the most mature business accounting for more than half of online leisure travel sales. Online travel agencies acquire inventory from multiple airlines, hotels, car rental companies, cruise lines, and event organisers. They merchandise this inventory as standalone as well as packaged categories to online shoppers who benefit from a wide variety of products across multiple suppliers. In this paper, a decision support framework for an online travel agency is discussed. The framework includes disaggregate demand estimation, pricing and product display, marketing, revenue planning, and deal evaluation. The underlying Operations Research models is discussed along with challenges associated with data collection and implementation. The authors discuss the impact of online travel retailing on supplier yield management systems. Decision support models discussed are also applicable to online travel retailers other than online travel agencies. The decision support framework should serve as an exposition to the Operations Research opportunities in the emerging field of online travel retailing.

Supporting government performance by capturing the values and expertise of key stakeholders: a delphi/decision support system approach to local revenue planning

Past research suggests that decision-making can be improved by gauging diverse view points from key stakeholders, where a stakeholder is any group or individual that can affect or is affected by the decisions. Two key stakeholders in public policy making are economic experts that can predict the economic consequences of policy decisions, and elected policy-makers who are accountable to the citizens for the outcomes of these decisions. A two-step model combining a Decision Support System and a Delphi type approach is proposed. To test the methodology, the proposed approach was applied to revenue planning in a mid-sized city.

The Private Sector and the NHS: the case of capital developments in primary healthcare

English This article describes the changing role of private sector capital investment in primary health services premises and discusses some of the consequences. Private sector funding has always played a major role in the financing of premises for general practitioner services. However, the extension of private sector involvement into new areas such as building design, income generation, revenue planning and facilities management may in turn influence the services which are accommodated within primary health services premises. The article discusses some of these implications in the context of a National Health Service which has still only recently begun to draw primary health services into mainstream managerial frameworks. It concludes that the management of private sector involvement in primary health services capital developments presents considerable challenges to probity, accountability and the achievement of broader strategic health objectives.

The Nature of the Fiscal Crisis in Transition Countries

Fiscal stance is at the center of economic debate all over the post socialist countries. The most important issues that are more or less realized seem to be following. 1. To what extend will public sector budget be monetized in the future i.e., do they eventually spell inflation?. 2. How can one reconcile the twin deficits i.e. the current account and budget deficit with the need for long run growth and the need for servicing the external debt. 3. Is it true, as argued by M. Friedman and R. Barro that the only relevant aspects of the budget are the volume and composition of public spendings on goods and services and that the choice of financing method is irrelevant? 4. Is a financial crowding out of private saving an issue of concern? 5. How do we assess the solvency of a government i.e. how do we evaluate the consistency of the government's spending and revenue plans with its outstanding debt obligations and its inflation objectives? 6. What are the structural and distributional effects of budget deficits? It is not easy to solve these or similar problems in mature developed market economies. Trying to answer to these questions with regards to transition economies appears to be very hard work. Specially if these problems are to be placed within the framework of fiscal crisis. Therefore it seems sensible to start the analysis with describing the nature of fiscal stance in post socialist countries and then use the concept as a background for further more detailed questions.

Economic Growth and Fiscal Planning: New York in the 1990s

In an era of federal deficits and struggling municipalities, states have emerged as the most significant governmental actors. But state governments face the major challenge of fiscal planning in the midst of economic change. Roy Bahl and William Duncombe tackle this challenge head-on. Using New York as a case study, they identify looming dangers for state revenue and expenditure planning. Bahl and Duncombe begin with the premise that one cannot separate an evaluation of fiscal performance from an evaluation of economic performance. Accordingly, they describe and analyze the patterns of population, employment, and personal income growth. Following this is a study of state and local government finances in New York since 1970 and a recounting of the fiscal adjustments that were taken in the face of slower and then faster growth in the economy. The authors conclude that based on current conditions, the state and its local governments are in for fiscal belt-tightening. They note that the state should take a comprehensive view in planning the development and retrenchment of its government sector. The book is thought-provoking, exhaustively researched, and sensibly written. Its lessons are applicable everywhere and should be read by all those seeking a route through the tangled thicket of government policy for economic growth.

An Integrated Reserves Administration And Evaluation Tool

Abstract Canterra's Reserves Administration and Evaluation System (CRAES) was developed in response to two needs: maintain a complete inventory of corporate hydrocarbon and sulphur reserves; and generate realistic cash flows and values/or those reserves. To be an effective management tool, the system also had to fulfill following requirements: provide accurate and timely technical and financial management information; meet regulatory reporting requirements; make use of and be consistent with other corporate data such as land information, production history data, and budget and planning projections; and be cost-effective and time efficient. Basic reservoir parameters, well data, P & NO interests, and the most current production history data are maintained within CRAES to determine remaining recoverable hydrocarbons in every lease in which the company has an interest. An elaborate audit system permits detailed reporting of reserves and reserve changes resulting from discoveries, acquisitions, divestitures and technical re-evaluations. An economic evaluation of all remaining hydrocarbon and sulphur volumes is conducted regularly, using capital, operating cost and production projections from the production departments and price and escalation forecasts from the planning department. The resulting cash flaw forecasts and reserve values are used by the finance and production departments/or future planning. The CRAES database is integrated with other corporate databases and provides comprehensive management and reporting of corporate reserves. Introduction Maintaining an accurate and current record of inventory is an essential characteristic of good business practice. The petroleum industry is no exception to this rule, although the "inventory" is not as well defined as in most businesses. Petroleum "inventory" consists of oil, natural gas, and natural gas by-product reserves. These reserves may be located in underground reservoirs scattered over a large geographical area, in tanks and vessels at surface, in pipelines, in storage caverns, or even sitting exposed on the ground, such as sulphur inventory. However, most reserves are located in the ground. The measurement of reserves is an inexact science at best, and is subject to ongoing updating as additional technical information becomes available. Reserves are acquired, produced, and sold in a variety of ways, Therefore, maintaining a current reserves record is a major task, especially as the size of a company's operations increases. Reserves information is required by a company's operating personnel to permit production planning, to determine capital spending programs for exploitation and development, to assess surface facility requirements, and to monitor production performance. It is required by financial personnel for future revenue planning, for depletion calculations, and to back up loan arrangements. It is required by external agencies such as securities commissions and financial institutions, and it is required by current and potential investors in the company. This paper presents the current system Canterra is using to administer its reserves information, and describes its origin, development, and application. The maintenance of reserves information has been an evolutionary process in most companies. As specific reserve related information is required, the reserve system, or process, is upgraded to provide that information.

REVENUE PLANNING: A Vital Tool for Public Libraries

“The politics and processes of local government face substantial change because of Federal action on taxes and the budget deficit as well as court and Congressional challenges to local authority, according to officials at every level of government around the country.

Government Incentives to Exploration

Abstract Alberta's oil and gas resources extend over most of the province and constitute a major source of energy. The Exploratory Drilling Incentive System was designed to encourage high-risk exploratory drilling and increase the drilling activity in remote locations at a time when this type of drilling was declining in the province. The Exploratory Drilling Incentive System has progressed through several amendments and there has been a considerable increase in the number of exploratory wells drilled. The Alberta Government implemented the Geophysical Incentive Program to stimulate the level of seismic exploratory activity in Alberta. The Geophysical Incentive Program has progressed through several modifications since inception and there has been a considerable increase in the amount of seismic activity. The costs to the Alberta Government for credit, royalty exemptions, cash refunds and administration of the programs have increased considerably along with the increase in both types of exploratory activity. Introduction Alberta's oil and gas resources extend over most of the province and constitute a major source of energy (Fig. 1). To expedite the location of such resources, the Government of Alberta on July 28, 1972, approved the Natural Resource Revenue Plan. A main feature of this plan was an increase in annual revenues to the Government of about $70 million commencing in 1973. The Alberta Government felt this to be a fair and reasonable additional return to the citizens of Alberta for their ownership of a depleting and non-renewable resource. This dollar figure has increased since the initiation of the program due to the escalating price of crude oil. To offset this increase in revenues from industry and to stimulate increased exploratory activity in Alberta, the Government implemented the Exploratory Drilling Incentive System. The program has undergone several modifications since it was introduced, but essentially consists of a monetary credit for an exploratory well drilled for oil or gas. The credit may be applied against taxes payable under the Freehold Mineral Taxation Act, royalties, rentals, fees and bonuses on petroleum and natural gas Crown mineral rights. A producing incentive exploratory well may also qualify for royalty or mineral taxation exemptions. The Exploratory Drilling Incentive System is administered jointly by the Alberta Department of Energy and Natural Resources and the Alberta Energy Resources Conservation Board. Determination of qualifying footage on completion or abandonment of the incentive exploratory well is made by the Board. Determination of the credit to be established is made by the Department. Due to the close relationship between geophysical and drilling activity, it was found desirable to provide incentives for geophysical exploration. It is considered vital to maintain a high level of geophysical work to ensure the continuity of the search for new oil or gas reserves. Therefore, the Alberta Government, in taking a second step toward maintaining the necessary level of petroleum activity in the province implemented on January 1, 1975, the Geophysical Incentive Program.