Industry Revenue Research Articles

Use of Household Survey Data as a Tool to Assess the Carbon Footprint of Rural Tourist Accommodation and Related Services in China: A Case Study of Mount Qingcheng

The need to improve the accuracy of carbon emission measurements is a major issue which the tourism industry must resolve in order to reduce adverse impacts on climate change and the environment. This study established a detailed consumption list based on household survey data and calculated the carbon emissions of accommodation and services of the rural tourism industry of Mount Qingcheng using the input–output and lifecycle methods. Further, it analysed the key factors affecting carbon emissions. The results indicate that within the surveyed area, carbon emissions from accommodation and services amounted to 30.27 kg CO2/per person per day; these emissions were primarily from indirect sources, which accounted for 74.99% of the total emissions. Emissions from construction and production of durable goods accounted for 13.08% and 21.58% of the total emissions. The omission of these sources of carbon emissions was the primary reason for the carbon emission levels of the tourism industry being underestimated previously. For each additional 10,000 yuan in revenue, accommodation and related services of the rural tourism industry emit an additional 1412.08 kg of CO2. This is higher than the level of carbon emissions of the agriculture industry, but lower than those of the processing and manufacturing industries. Tourist consumption behaviours and types of tourism operations are important factors affecting carbon emissions. Effective emission reduction strategies include guiding tourist consumption behavioural changes, optimizing tourism operation portfolios, and extending the service life of constructions and durable goods.

Experience economy in hospitality and tourism: Gain and loss values for service and experience

In the experience economy, distinct from the service economy, industry revenue increases according to the extent to which consumers enjoy their experience. This study explores the experience economy from various viewpoints, but particularly by examining whether consumers perceive differences in the monetary values between experience and service, as well as perceive gain and loss values differently in the same experiential component. The online survey was conducted with 550 adult participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and multivariate analysis (MANOVA). The findings show that consumers still tend to perceive the service industry more important than the experience industry. However, as the loss values of experience are found to be larger than its gain values, it is very important to convince consumers to not lose an opportunity to experience future experiential consumption.

The Regulation of Public Service Broadcasters: Should There Be More Advertising on Television?

Increased competition for viewers’ time is threatening the viability of public-service broadcasters (PSBs) around the world. Changing regulations regarding advertising minutes might increase revenues, but little is known about the structure of advertising demand. To address this problem, we collect a unique dataset on monthly impacts (quantities) and prices of UK television channels between 2002 and 2009 to estimate the (inverse) demand for advertising on both public and commercial broadcasters. We find that increasing PSB advertising minutes to the level permitted for non-PSBs would increase PSB and industry revenue by 10.5% and 6.7%.

Phenotypic biomarkers in selectively-bred families of the Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus): Anaerobic enzyme and shell gape behaviour as biomarkers of prolonged emersion tolerance

Breeding Greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) families resilient to live shipment stress offers an opportunity to increase export revenue for the New Zealand mussel industry. We tested two key phenotypic responses (enzyme activity and shell gape) of selectively bred mussel families grouped (n=3×families/grouping) into those that showed ‘good’ (LD50=16.9–17.5days), ‘average’ (LD50=13.3–13.9days) or ‘poor’ (LD50=9.2–9.6days) survivorship during a 30day emersion trial. Mapping daily fold change of anaerobic enzyme activity revealed two phases in enzyme activity levels regardless of family. Specifically, an initial down-regulation of the enzymes alanopine dehydrogenase, and strombine dehydrogenase was observed in days 1–4 of the trial. This was then followed by marked up-regulation of enzyme activity, although the day at which up-regulation occurred varied among families; with ‘good’ surviving families up-regulating anaerobic metabolism earlier than either ‘average’ or ‘poor’ surviving families (i.e. 1–4 vs 6–9 and 6–8days respectively). Such a result suggests that switching to anaerobic metabolism earlier confers greater tolerance to emersion stress. Peak level of enzyme activity, however, appears less important to withstanding prolonged emersion.Shell integral (valve angle and duration of gape) was used to compare gape behaviour among mussel families with ‘good’ and ‘poor’ emersion tolerance. Once emersed, mussels exhibited two behavioural phases; i.e. valves were initially closed for longer periods in the early stages of emersion (days 1–2). This was then followed by longer, more pronounced gaping. Moreover, ‘good’ surviving families switched behaviours earlier than ‘poor’ surviving families which presumably facilitated greater levels of gas exchange and helped to prolong survival. Thus, mussel families that were tolerant to prolonged emersion initiated favourable metabolic and behavioural adjustments earlier within the trial. Whilst the exact mechanisms underpinning emersion tolerance are complex, these two phenotypic responses offer potential biomarkers of emersion tolerance in selective breeding programmes of bivalve species.

Calculation of the freight revenues in Turkey-focused maritime transportation

ABSTRACTThe Central Bank of the Turkish Republic (TCMB) in Turkey has announced the data of freight revenues. The data that have been announced depends on the information obtained from the port customs and compiled by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). Because of the distinctive structure of the freight market, certain requisite generalizations and projections are used for data calculation. Accordingly, calculations that depend on generalizations and predictions are likely to weaken the effectiveness of the decisions already made or going to be made. The aim of this study is to calculate more realistically the real freight revenues of ships that have carried out loading or discharging operations in Turkish ports. In accordance with this purpose, the volume of freight revenues and their distribution between Turkish and foreign flagged ships is calculated. A Microsoft SQL-based algorithm is developed in order to do the calculation. Within the scope of the study, the total fright revenue of Turkey-oriented shipping industry is calculated to be USD 5.8 billion. Proportionately, 79.53% of the revenue belongs to foreign flagged ships, 12.70% of it belongs to foreign flagged ships with Turkish owners, and only 7.78% of it belongs to Turkish flagged ships.

Music Audiences 3.0: Concert-Goers' Psychological Motivations at the Dawn of Virtual Reality.

Reviewing consumers’ motivations to attend performances in a continuously evolving social and technological context is essential because live concerts generate an important and growing share of revenues for the music industry. Evolving fans’ preferences and technological innovations constantly alter the way music is distributed and consumed. In a marketing 3.0 era, what consumers do with music is becoming more significant than simply owning or listening to a song. These changes are not only blurring the lines between production and consumption (i.e., co-creation), but also distorting the concept of live attendance altogether. Although mediated performances typically lack presence and authenticity, recent advances in immersive technologies, such as spherical videos and virtual reality goggles, could represent a new form of experiencing live music.

Use of Temperature, Humidity, and Slaughter Condemnation Data to Predict Increases in Transport Losses in Three Classes of Swine and Resulting Foregone Revenue.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts weekly surveillance of slaughter condemnation rates to provide early warning for emerging diseases and to monitor health trends in swine. Swine deaths in-transit are an animal welfare concern and represent lost revenue for the swine industry. This retrospective observational study used ambient temperature and humidity data from weather stations near United States slaughter plants collected from 2010 to 2015 to predict the incidence and risk of death among swine in-transit and just prior to slaughter. The risk of death for market swine at a heat index (HI), which combines the effects of temperature and humidity, indicating moderately hot weather conditions between 85 and 92°F was 1.37 times greater than that of the baseline temperature range of 54–79°F. The risk of death for cull sows at an HI between 85 and 92°F was 1.93 times greater than that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. Roaster swine (weigh < 220 lbs and often used for whole carcass roasting), however, had 0.80 times the risk when the HI was 85–92°F compared to a baseline temperature of 54–79°F. The risk of death for roaster swine at a minimum temperature between 40 and 50°F was 1.21 times greater than that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. The risk of death for market swine at a minimum temperature range of 40–50°F was 0.97 times that of average temperatures ranging from 54 to 79°F. And for cull sows, the risk of death at a minimum temperature range of 40–50°F was 0.81 times the risk at the average temperature ranging from 54 to 79°F. Across the study period, cumulative foregone revenue, or revenue not realized due to swine condemnations, for all swine was $18.6 million and $4.3 million for cold temperatures and high HI ranges above the baseline, respectively. Marginal foregone revenue per hog in hotter months is higher due to seasonal peaks in swine prices. As a result of this study, the USDA-APHIS swine condemnation surveillance can incorporate weekly estimated HI values and ambient temperature data for slaughter establishments to provide additional information for analysts investigating signals (noteworthy increases above baseline) for “dead” condemnations. This study suggests that current mitigation measures are often not sufficient to prevent swine deaths due to ambient temperature extremes.

How copyright shaped the music industry: a comparative and empirical assessment on copyright enforcement in the PRC and the ROC

Since 2000, the revenue of the music industry has plummeted worldwide. Meanwhile, the advancement of technology has created many changes that has transformed the copyright law system, raising doubts about the effectiveness and necessity of copyright law system. This article conducts comparative and qualitative research on the music industry of mainland China and Taiwan, to study the effect of copyright law enforcement to the music industry. In mainland China, the laws, enforcement campaigns, and judicial decisions did not create significant impact on average citizens nor the creative industries. On the contrary, through copyright law legislation and amendments, enforcement, judicial decisions, unspoken rules, and business practices, the notion to respect copyright have been embedded in most people’s minds in Taiwan. It was believed that copyright, manifests in its various of forms, is the keystone to the environment that attracted talent all over the Greater China region to Taiwan.

Comparative Analysis of Web Applications using JMeter

The Software testing is done to ensure the quality characteristics of an application like functionality, performance, usability, scalability. Performance testing is a technique for quality assurance. It is a way of testing web applications to guarantee that the applications will perform properly under their expected normal workload. Features and Functionalities supported by a software system is not the sole concern. A software application's performance like its response time, do make a difference. The objective of performance testing is not to discover bugs but to eliminate performance bottlenecks. Performance testing is mainly categorised as Stress and Load testing. JMeter is an Open Source tool, widely used to measure performance parameters of an application. It is a java application for load testing and measuring performance. This paper presents performance testing concepts and a comparative analysis of web applications in terms of its response time, throughput and deviation, proposing a way to increase revenue for web application Industry. Keywords: software testing; web testing; performance testing; Jmeter; load testing; response time

Фітнес-індустрія: стан і перспективи розвитку у країнах світу

Liubov ChekhovskaFitness industry is a sphere of successful and promising business in many countries around the world. That is why it is necessary and relevant to study the prospects for the development of the international fitness industry. Purpose: to study the state of functioning and prospects for the development of the fitness industry in the world. Material &amp; Methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, sources and information of the world internet, documentary method, system analysis method, comparison and compare method. Results: the article presents an analysis of the fitness market in different countries in the world. The volume of the market is determined by the number of fitness clubs, the number of clients and profitability. Examines the key trends in the industry of sports services, its economic performance. The top 20 most popular fitness networks of the world are determined. Describes the fitness industry in the US and Russia. Conclusion: fitness industry in various countries of the world develops and strengthens positions on the world arena, during 2012–2016. concluded the most successful transactions. The total revenue of the fitness industry in 2015 was 81 billion dollars. In 2016, most European operators of fitness clubs expected financial growth.

Spectrum fees and market performance: A quantitative analysis

This paper aims at providing evidence on the impact of spectrum fees and spectrum availability on mobile operators’ industry revenues by using an original dataset of firms operating in 24 Countries in the period 2005–2014. The analysis quantitatively identifies the relationship between mobile market revenue and their determinants, among which spectrum availability and license fees are included. The analysis provides evidence that spectrum availability and fees are not significantly correlated with mobile industry revenues suggesting that market expectations to extract additional revenues from the mobile service following new spectrum auctions are likely not to be respected.

ФІНАНСОВІ РЕСУРСИ ДОМОГОСПОДАРСТВ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The financial resources of households, provided they are involved in the financial sector, can be a significant basis for investment, production development, and economic growth. The purpose of the article is to identify the impact of forming investment potential based on the population's savings to ensure the economic growth of the national economy. The composition, size, and structure of households were analyzed in the work. The amount of household savings is mostly influenced by the demographic situation and the number of households. During 2010-2018, the average household size in Ukraine did not change significantly. It amounted to 2.58 people, while the number of households decreased significantly to 2064.4 thousand, reduce the share of people living in urban settlements. In 2019, the downward trend in households' number was maintained with the same structure of urban and rural households. The correlation coefficients calculated in the process of the correlationregression analysis show that there is a very close direct relationship between the volume of savings and expenditures of households and GDP, the volume of sold industrial products, revenues and expenditures of the state budget; there is a moderate inverse relationship between household savings and expenditures and government budget imports and deficits; there is a weak inverse relationship between household savings and expenditures and public debt. Ukraine has objective preconditions for the formation of household savings and their transformation into investments. The main tasks for increasing the role of household savings in the growth of the national economy are the following: to restore public confidence in financial institutions; strengthening the institutional protection of savings by maintaining the liquidity of banking institutions, and ensuring the functioning of the state deposit guarantee system; ensuring the development of the savings market as a socio-economic mechanism for mobilizing the population's money savings and transforming them into investments for the national economy.

Baker Packaging, Inc

Students consider which capital budgeting approach to take when evaluating a packaging manufacturer's joint venture proposal. Suitable for MBA and undergraduate students, the case presents a scenario in which a lack of short-term profits and the resulting lack of tax payments could make adjusted present value a better choice than weighted average cost of capital. Students also consider how to value the industrial bond financing that would fund construction of a new plant. A supplemental student spreadsheet is available (UVA-F-1624X). Excerpt UVA-F-1624 Rev. Jan. 18, 2011 Baker Packaging, Inc. Tom Hanes of Baker Packaging, Inc., had just finished reviewing the materials for the new joint venture with Thurston, Inc., a large European printing firm. The proposal was for the development of a new packaging and printing plant to be built in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Even though the company had always used a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) approach to evaluate capital budgeting projects, Hanes was concerned the analysis might not capture all of the proposal's nuances. His concerns centered on the fact that the project would sustain losses in the early years, which would mean no tax payments. In addition, he had some questions concerning how much value to attribute to the industrial revenue bond (IRB) financing that was being used to fund the project. Baker Packaging management needed to make a decision by December 15, 2010. It was already December 1, so Hanes knew he had little time to completehis review. The Company Baker Packaging was founded by John and Karen Baker in 1985 in Medford, Massachusetts. Previously, Karen had been a corporate lawyer for a large multinational company. Her husband, John, trained as an engineer, had worked 15 years at Federal Paper Board Company, Inc., and he believed Federal was not taking full advantage of developing technologies. The couple started their own company with the aim of fully integrating new technology into what had been up to that point a relatively labor-intensive process. Sales had grown from about $ 100,000 in the initial year to over $ 50 million. Baker Packaging operated five plants that produced packaging and paper products for a number of large consumer products companies. (See Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2 for Baker's recent financial information.) . . .

A Unified Approach for Efficient Delivery of Unicast and Multicast Wireless Video Services

Recently, mobile multimedia services have represented an increasingly large source of revenue for the telecommunication industry. Subscribers are often interested in simultaneously receiving the same data flow and, hence, they fuel the growing demand for multicast multimedia services. Therefore, the design of efficient radio resource management strategies to jointly handle multicast and more traditional unicast traffic and to increase user satisfaction is of primary importance for the successful deployment of future mobile networks. This paper proposes an efficient radio resource management framework to handle unicast and multicast multi-layer video services. The proposed virtual unified group (VUG) approach makes use of a channel-aware subgrouping principle to provide fair throughput to both unicast and multicast users. The idea is to assign unicast subscribers to a virtual group, thus allowing them to compete for network resources on an equal footing with multicast users. Simulations highlight the benefits that VUG provides in a long term evolution network scenario, under different traffic load conditions, in terms of throughput and fairness in the distribution of resources to unicast and multicast users.

Diversifying Macau’s Economic Development: The Role of the Logistics Industry

Abstract The gaming industry occupies the leading position in Macau’s industrial structure and government revenue. Such a dominant position presents dangers, and so from the economic, political, and strategic points of view it is vital for Macau to diversify its economic development. In this paper, we analyze the development of Macau's logistics industry using a SWOT analysis. Results of the analysis are presented. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made for developing the role of Macau’s logistics industry.

ANALISIS SCP PADA INDUSTRI PROPERTI DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to determine how the structure, market concentration and efficiency of the property industry in Indonesia. The analysis technique used in this research is Concentration Ratio (CR10), Herfindahl Index-Hirschman (IHH) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Total revenue of the Indonesia property industry from 2010-2014 is used to calculate Concentration Ratio (CR10) and Herfindahl Index-Hirschman (IHH), while the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is input and output, the input consists of total assets, debt, and equity, the output consists of total sales and profits. Based on the analysis the results of Concentration Ratio (CR10) is quite high, ranging from 74.65% - 77.16%, the market structure in the property industry classified within a tight oligopoly. Based on IHH has a range of numbers from 0.1013 to 0.56667, which means competition Indonesian property industry and the competitive nature of high concentration. Results DEA in 2010-2010 there are 4-8 efficient companies. As a result of which are oligopolistic and competitive, the companies in the property industry are doing a lot in marketing strategy as well as to achieve efficient companies should refer to the property industry has already reached the maximum efficient rate.

Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane: Ion exchange membrane fouling identification and mechanisms

Integrated forest biorefinery offers promising pathways to sustainably diversify the revenue of pulp and paper industry. In this context, lignin can be extracted from a residual stream of Kraft pulping process, called black liquor, and subsequently converted into a wide spectrum of bio-based products. Electrochemical acidification of Kraft black liquor by electrodialysis with bipolar membrane results in lignin extraction and caustic soda production. Even though the implementation of this method requires less chemicals than the chemical acidification process, fouling of the ion exchange membranes and especially bipolar membrane impairs its productivity. Membrane thickness and ash content measurements along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) analysis were performed to identify the nature and mechanisms of the membrane fouling. The results revealed that the fouling layer mostly consisted of organic components and particularly lignin. Based on our proposed fouling mechanisms, throughout the electrodialysis process the pH of the black liquor gradually decreased and as a result more proton ions were available to trigger protonation reaction of lignin phenolic groups and decrease the lignin solubility. Due to the abundance of the proton ions on the surface of the cation exchange layers of the bipolar membrane, destabilized lignin macro-molecules started to self-aggregate and formed lignin clusters on its surface. Over the time, these lignin clusters covered the entire surface of the bipolar membrane and the spaces between the membranes and, eventually, attached to the surface of the cation exchange membrane.

ANALISIS STRUKTUR, KONSENTRASI, DAN EFISIENSI PASAR INDUSTRI TELEKOMUNIKASI DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study was to determine how the structure, market concentration and efficiency of the telecommunication industry in Indonesia. The analysis technique used in this research is Concentration Ratio (CR4) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Total revenue of the Indonesia telecommunication industry from 2010-2015 were used to calculate Concentration Ratio (CR4) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) are input and output, the input consists of total assets, debt and equity, the output consists of total revenue and gross profits. Based on the analysis results of Concentration Ratio (CR4) is quite of very high ranging from 98,17% - 99,67%, the market structure in property industry classified within a very high concentrated oligopoly. Results from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2010-2015 there were 1 efficient company. As a result of an oligopoly market structure is very tight, then in the telecommunications industry is a lot to make improvements to network sharing and speed the delivery of messages, telephone, and internet as well as to achieve efficient company should refer to the telecommunications industry, which reached the maximum efficient level. In order to achieve an efficient level that has not been efficient, the company must conduct debt reduction, labor usage more efficient and increase product sales.

Fiscal Crisis and Community Development: The Great Recession, Support Networks, and Community Development Corporation Capacity

Community development corporations (CDC) are a cornerstone of neighborhood improvement in legacy cities. Yet they face challenges that threaten their financial sustainability, challenges that grew exponentially with the Great Recession. This article examines the impact of the Great Recession on the revenue and survival of CDC in Baltimore, Maryland; Cleveland, Ohio; and Detroit, Michigan. An analysis of financial data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics from 2004 to 2011 highlights issues of industry contraction, revenue concentration and loss, and CDC survival. Interviews and examination of multiple secondary sources of information on CDC activity and support networks in each city further our understanding of the financial results. We find that the CDC industry in all three cities was severely impacted by the Great Recession and that the CDC support networks in each city had a significant intervening effect on the ability of CDC to adapt to the fiscal and service pressures created by the recession. We discuss the implications of the shared trends and the city-specific dynamics for the role of CDC in neighborhood improvement in legacy cities.

Digital Convergence and Diminished Creative Industry Growth: A New Zealand Case Study

The New Zealand Government’s recent Green Paper “Exploring Digital Convergence” (EDC) suggests that so-called “digital convergence,” or convergence in telecommunications, information technology, media and entertainment (TIME) sectors is facilitating the creation, dissemination and consumption of creative works. This paper analyses the economic performance of the film and television industry in New Zealand to see if there has been any correlated increase in revenues, employment and output during the time of this convergence. Our review suggests the evidence in New Zealand is inconsistent with any suggestion that convergence has facilitated a dramatic increase in revenues or output for the creative sector. Our findings suggest the opposite: Total screen industry revenues as measured by Statistics New Zealand’s Screen Industry Survey (SIS) which commenced in 2005 shows that from 2005-2015, there is a shortfall of total screen industry revenues over the ten-year period of approximately $4.6 billion against what they would have been had revenues kept pace with inflation and economic growth. This estimate includes just over $3 billion in the “production and post-production” (PPP) sector. Alternative scenarios described in more detail in this paper involving historical data yield estimates for the shortfall in production and post-production (PPP) revenues ranging from estimates of $3.94 billion in total over the ten-year period from 2005 to 2015, including a $600 million shortfall in the final year, to a considerably higher estimate, where the shortfall in PPP revenues reaches $4.1 billion in the last year (2015) alone. This upper scenario further suggests that by the end of the 14-year period 2001-2015, the shortfall in total screen industry revenues would have been $8.5 billion in the last year (2015) alone. In other words, total screen industry revenues in 2015 would have been closer to $12 billion in 2015, rather than $3 billion actual. At the same time, screen industry employment is also down and there has been no measurable increase in film and TV output during the data available from 2011.The data is more consistent with the need to move to stronger copyright in New Zealand to restore the effective rate of copyright protection and stem the loss of revenue and decreased production, not weaker copyright. More advanced empirical work, of course, is justified, but at this stage this is the direction to follow if one adopts an evidence-based approach to policy.