Retraining Method Research Articles

Machine Learning for Benchmarking Models of Heating Energy Demand of Houses in Northern Canada

In most cases, the benchmarking models of energy use in houses are developed based on current and past data, and they continue to be used without any update. This paper proposes the method of retraining of benchmarking models by applying machine learning techniques when new measurements are made available. The method uses as a case study the measurements of heating energy demand from two semi-detached houses of Northern Canada. The results of the prediction of heating energy demand using static or augmented window techniques are compared with measurements. The daily energy signature is used as a benchmarking model due to its simplicity and performance. However, the proposed retraining method can be applied to any form of benchmarking model. The method should be applied in all possible situations, and be an integral part of intelligent building automation and control systems (BACS) for the ongoing commissioning for building energy-related applications.

Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation With Regional Location Cutting and Dynamic Credible Regions Correction

Weakly-supervised semantic segmentation is a challenging task as it outputs pixel-level predictions from weaker labels. Segmentation with weaker labels is an important research area since it can significantly reduce human annotation efforts by associating high-level semantic to low-level appearance. In this article, we propose a novel Regional location Cutting and Dynamic credible regions Correction (RCDC) approach for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation. Only image-level labels are needed and it can take less time for manual annotation. Starting with the weak localization of classification network, our cutting approach combines the weak coverage with the traditional cutting method to obtain the pseudo-labels of around 50% ground truth. Then, our dynamic credible regions correction approach adjusts the loss function during the training to preserve the regions that have the superior performance of each iteration. It can further enhance the pseudo-labels for better segmentation results. Finally, with the fully-connected CRF and the retraining method, our approach obtains a competitive performance on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ СФЕРЫ КУЛЬТУРЫ

The article discusses the features of advanced training in the context of distance learning, which has become a mandatory criterion for the implementation of programs of additional professional education. The author of this article relies on the concept of "interaction", with the help of which the basic principles of communication in the conditions of online and offline Internet communication, on which distance learning is based, are characterized. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the transformation of the range of educational services, taking into account the unresolved needs of the educational market and based on the principle of modularity. The purpose of the study is to systematize the capabilities of online educational sites and platforms in the issue of additional professional education for specialists in the field of culture. The article presents the results of research carried out within the framework of systematization of materials and data on the most popular educational sites. Taken as a basis for the development of categorization and modularity of courses on skills and needs. As an example, a comparative analysis of the main characteristics of educational domes-tic and foreign platforms is given, which makes it possible to rely on innovative research in various fields of science. In the course of the study, the problems of introducing distance technologies into the additional profes-sional education of specialists in the field of culture were identified. The features of the combination of full-time and distance learning are described. An overview of the possibilities of educational online platforms and platforms in the issue of additional professional education is given. It is concluded that it is necessary to update the methods of training and retraining of specialists on the basis of distance technologies.

CxDNN

Resistive crossbars have shown strong potential as the building blocks of future neural fabrics, due to their ability to natively execute vector-matrix multiplication (the dominant computational kernel in DNNs). However, a key challenge that arises in resistive crossbars is that non-idealities in the synaptic devices, interconnects, and peripheral circuits of resistive crossbars lead to errors in the computations performed. When large-scale DNNs are executed on resistive crossbar systems, these errors compound and result in unacceptable degradation in application-level accuracy. We propose CxDNN, a hardware-software methodology that enables the realization of large-scale DNNs on crossbar systems by compensating for errors due to non-idealities, greatly mitigating the degradation in accuracy. CxDNN is composed of (i) an optimized mapping technique to convert floating-point weights and activations to crossbar conductances and input voltages, (ii) a fast one-time re-training method to recover accuracy loss due to this conversion, and (iii) low-overhead compensation hardware to mitigate dynamic and hardware-instance-specific errors. Unlike previous efforts that are limited to small networks and require the training and deployment of hardware-instance-specific models, CxDNN presents a scalable compensation methodology that can address large DNNs (e.g., ResNet-50 on ImageNet) and maintains the train-once-deploy-anywhere tenet of current DNN application. We evaluated CxDNN on six top DNNs on the ImageNet dataset with 0.5--13.8 million neurons and 0.5--15.5 billion connections. CxDNN achieves 16.9%--49% improvement in the top-1 classification accuracy, effectively mitigating a key challenge to the use of resistive crossbar--based neural fabrics.

Historical experience in personnel policy and staffing in 1960s – 1980s

The purpose of the article is to present the richest historical experience of working with managerial personnel in Belarus during the Soviet and Post-Soviet periods and in doing so to recall mind of public authorities and economic entities to the subject. In this regard structural elements of personnel policy and personnel strategy, main forms and methods of training and retraining of managerial personnel over the 1960 to 1980 period are revealed. Seminars of advanced experience, mentoring, scientific and practical conferences were such effective forms and methods. All problems of personnel policy were actively examined and analyzed by scientists of our republic. Innovative use of historical experience can help with understanding of personnel policy and forming of its modern image: new grows from old. This experience can create a number of effective forms and methods of personnel work and at the same time it can pay attention to shortcomings, omissions in this matter of concernment.

Comparison of the ICT literacy level of the entering students in the Mexican and Serbian higher education

Communication and technology have an important role in life and especially in education. Nowadays, students generally use technology for communication. When using technology in education, there may be some communication barriers. An international comparison analysis tool is an effective way for understanding the situation between two or more different regions of the world. In this sense, literature shows the relevance of analyzing how ICT has been used in education to better understand educational strategies, learning methods and pedagogical techniques in order to effectively apply ICT in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to identify the levels of ICT Competencies of students from two countries, from two continent, one in Serbia (in Europe) and the other in Mexico. We have to see the ICT knowledge level of the students to make decision about the application and retraining methods.

Forms and methods of teacher retraining in the UK without interrupting from professional activities

Forms and methods of teacher retraining in the UK without interrupting from professional activities

New Approaches of NARX-Based Forecasting Model. A Case Study on CHF-RON Exchange Rate

The work reported in the paper focuses on the prediction of the exchange rate of the Swiss Franc-Romanian Leu against the US Dollar-Romanian Leu using the NARX model. We propose two new forecasting methods based on NARX model by considering both additional testing and network retraining in order to improve the generalization capacities of the trained neural network. The forecasting accuracy of the two methods is evaluated in terms of one of the most popular quality measure, namely weighted RMSE error. The comparative analysis together with experimental results and conclusive remarks are reported in the final part of the paper. The performances of the proposed methodologies are evaluated by a long series of tests, the results being very encouraging as compared to similar developments. Based on the conducted experiments, we conclude that both resulted algorithms perform better than the classical one. Moreover, the retraining method in which the network is conserved over time outperforms the one in which only additional testing is used.

Virtual Sensor of Surface Electromyography in a New Extensive Fault-Tolerant Classification System.

A few prosthetic control systems in the scientific literature obtain pattern recognition algorithms adapted to changes that occur in the myoelectric signal over time and, frequently, such systems are not natural and intuitive. These are some of the several challenges for myoelectric prostheses for everyday use. The concept of the virtual sensor, which has as its fundamental objective to estimate unavailable measures based on other available measures, is being used in other fields of research. The virtual sensor technique applied to surface electromyography can help to minimize these problems, typically related to the degradation of the myoelectric signal that usually leads to a decrease in the classification accuracy of the movements characterized by computational intelligent systems. This paper presents a virtual sensor in a new extensive fault-tolerant classification system to maintain the classification accuracy after the occurrence of the following contaminants: ECG interference, electrode displacement, movement artifacts, power line interference, and saturation. The Time-Varying Autoregressive Moving Average (TVARMA) and Time-Varying Kalman filter (TVK) models are compared to define the most robust model for the virtual sensor. Results of movement classification were presented comparing the usual classification techniques with the method of the degraded signal replacement and classifier retraining. The experimental results were evaluated for these five noise types in 16 surface electromyography (sEMG) channel degradation case studies. The proposed system without using classifier retraining techniques recovered of mean classification accuracy was of 4% to 38% for electrode displacement, movement artifacts, and saturation noise. The best mean classification considering all signal contaminants and channel combinations evaluated was the classification using the retraining method, replacing the degraded channel by the virtual sensor TVARMA model. This method recovered the classification accuracy after the degradations, reaching an average of 5.7% below the classification of the clean signal, that is the signal without the contaminants or the original signal. Moreover, the proposed intelligent technique minimizes the impact of the motion classification caused by signal contamination related to degrading events over time. There are improvements in the virtual sensor model and in the algorithm optimization that need further development to provide an increase the clinical application of myoelectric prostheses but already presents robust results to enable research with virtual sensors on biological signs with stochastic behavior.

Hybrid Real-Time Matrix Factorization for Implicit Feedback Recommendation Systems

In this paper, we present a hybrid real-time incremental stochastic gradient descent (RI-SGD) updating technique for implicit feedback matrix factorization (MF) recommendation systems. Compared with explicit feedback evaluation scores, implicit feedback data are easier to obtain but pose challenges to MF recommendation systems because of the transformation procedures from raw data to user preference scores. Another challenge for MF recommendation systems is the accuracy issue when the speed of the new input data increases. The proposed RI-SGD is designed for computationally-efficient and accurate time-variant implicit feedback MF recommendation system, which consists of alternating least squares with weight regularization in the training phase and stochastic gradient descent in the updating phase. To demonstrate the advantages of the RI-SGD updating technique in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy, we implement the proposed updating techniques in a real-time music recommendation system. Compared with the method of retraining the entire model, our numerical results show that RI-SGD approach can achieve almost the same recommendation accuracy, but requires only about 0.02% of the retraining time.

Women's Helath Initiative/Bladder Health. A health promotion initiative which empowers women to improve their bladder health & quality of life

Introduction: CHO9 North Dublin has a large cohort of women over the age of 65. An estimated 33% of Irish adults are incontinent of urine. Treatment mainly consists of containment in the form of incontinence wear with minimal use of re-training methods and medication, both of which are proven effective. McCarthy.G et al (2007). It was decided to make real and positive changes to this culture in the form of the continence promotion clinics as there was no formal health promotion available in the community. A service was envisaged that could lead to a better quality of life for women and enable them to age with confidence in their own community. Methods: The initiative will deliver a quality service for women empowering them to make positive changes to their bladder health. Initially patients will be offered a holistic assessment and a treatment plan will be devised according to their individual needs. Patients will be reviewed regularly to monitor progress.The focus of first line treatments will be support, retraining methods and medication management . When necessary patients will be referred via GP to Urology specialists for further investigation. Incontinence wear will be provided as a form of containment when all other avenues have been exhausted. To maximize the clinics success and staff involvement we enlisted the help of enthusiastic staff members to support this change in practice, our Champions of Change. Frameworks for clinics and staff training were developed along with a procedure to ensure consistency in practice. The clinics were started in one test area and will remain there until well established. Results: When implementing change to add value to people’s lives the results are not always quantifiable, although resources are available to measure the outcomes in the form of clinical compstats. The main focus of outcome measure will be patient satisfaction surveys which will emphasize quality of life changes such as increased self-esteem and dignity.Early feedback from patients in this regard is highly positive and also suggests notable improvements in continence. Reviews will be undertaken to ensure clinics are meeting objectives and changes made were necessary. At this point the resources will be in place to branch out to the wider community and the model will be available to replicate. Conclusion: The change project is bringing bladder health promotion to the forefront of the public health nursing service. With the addition of education sessions for nurses it will ensure best practice is promoted and the highest service will be provided to patients.Clinic staff nurses are currently working closely with Tertiary services to reduce unnecessary Urodynamic investigations. Our method of first line treatment plans in conjunction with Gp's for medication management where necessary is a viable way of achieving this. Our ultimate goal is to create a system of Direct referral pathways between hospital and community alike and amongst multidisciplinary team members for continence care. This has the potential to change the face of continence care so that every woman can deservedly receive the same level of care in the community.

Effectiveness of a One-minute Self-retraining for Chest Compression-only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Although cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills decay after training, little is known about appropriate retraining methods. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 1-minute self-retraining (with automated assessment and feedback) at 3months after the initial 45-minute chest compression-only CPR training in a simulated randomized controlled trial. After the initial 45-minute chest compression-only CPR training, participants were randomly assigned to either a 1-minute self-retraining group or a control group. Three months after the initial training, the self-retraining group individually attended the 1-minute self-retraining with a self-training device. The participants' resuscitation skills were evaluated by a 2-minute case-based scenario test 6months after the initial training. The primary outcome was the number of correct chest compressions with appropriate depth. A total of 109 subjects participated in this study. With regard to the primary outcome, the number of chest compressions performed at the appropriate depth, there was not a statistically significant difference between groups (136.5 [39.8-204.5] in the self-retraining group versus 88.0 [8.5-162.0] in the control group, p=0.66). The number of total chest compressions in the self-retraining group was 214.0 (186.5-236.0), which was significantly greater (p=0.01) than that of the control group (177.0 [117.5-215.0]). The time without chest compressions was significantly shorter in the self-retraining group (0 [0-5.3] seconds vs. 23.0 [0.5-47.0] seconds, p=0.01). The 1-minute self-retraining program with hands-on practice appears to help preserve certain chest compression skills. Further efforts to provide methods to maintain CPR skills should be considered.

Analyzing of the self reported ICT literacy level of Slovakian and Serbian Students in the higher education

The students generally use technology for communication in the European Union and outside of the Union. First of all we have to see in this research the ICT knowledge level of the students in the higher education to make decision about the application and retraining methods. It is important to know can we find any difference in ICT literacy between the Slovakian and the Serbian students to see how long is the way to finish the ICT revolution in these countries. On the other hand is it important to see which topic need more attention from the teachers in the high school to give a good knowledge for the student before they go in the higher education. We measured the ICT literacy level with a tool consisting of 15 items (Likert scaled). The data analysis was performed with SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test.

Effectiveness of pedalling retraining in reducing bilateral pedal force asymmetries

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have been limited to describe asymmetries during pedalling and suggest possible repercussion on performance and/or injury risks. However, few studies have presented strategies to mitigate asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a pedalling retraining intervention to reduce bilateral pedal force asymmetries. Twenty cyclists were assessed and 10 enrolled in a pedalling retraining method receiving visual and verbal feedback of pedal forces. The asymmetry index was computed for comparison of bilateral peak pedal forces and used during retraining (12 trials at 70% of peak power). Significantly larger asymmetry was observed for asymmetrical cyclists at the first three trials (P < 0.01 and ES = 1.39), which was reduced when post-retraining was compared to measures from symmetrical cyclists (P = 0.69 and ES = 0.18). Cyclists with larger asymmetry (>20%) in bilateral pedal forces reduce their asymmetries using sessions of pedalling retraining and achieve asymmetry indices similar to symmetrical cyclists.

State and problems training, advanced training and retraining in the field of land planning

Scientific and technological progress and improve relations, use and organization of work makes the need for systematic improvement of forms and methods of preparation, training and retraining in the land. Training in the - is the formation of staff knowledge and skills in a particular professional field, that training people who want to get a profession in the field of relations and the use and protection of and other natural resources. In this connection the question the quality of the professionals who work in the system of and enterprises. So in recent years, the system of worked by 25 thousand. People .. to 28 thousand. People. The number of employees of DerzhzemahenstvaUkraine(and today DerzhheokadastruUkraine) ranged from 9.5 - 10 thousand. People. Thus, in stateenterprisesLandManagement Institute, Centre of state cadastre and of private enterprises and entrepreneurs are about 18 thousand. People. In the system of fixed services is almost 90% of workers with higher education. But of these, only about about 70% have higher education universities III-IV accreditation levels, and only about 50% - management. Managers and professionals who have and use close to education up together with the Bachelor education only 64% of the total number of employees. Thus, the problem of professional education in the field of is very relevant. It is necessary to consider further training of land-management education for integrated communities. The article is justification for expanding areas of training in the field of and the introduction of new professions (specializations) and the of natural areas. According to Article 66 of the Law of Ukraine On of 22.05.2003 number 858-IV, professional activities in the field of may engage citizens with special higher education levels and appropriate professional guidance. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on April 29, 2015 № 266 determined instead specialties Land Management and Cadastre and of and property - specialty Geodesy and which referred to the field of knowledge Architecture and Construction, which refers to the engineering sciences . However, the definition of according to the law ofUkraineOn activities in the field of and use documentation content, a specialty of the should belong to the natural sciences or management. Search discourse of the theory of Management shows that there are many concepts and categories in the field of in particular, such as innovations in land, Legal Management, technical cadastral survey, ecological Management, Land Management design. Absolute champion mentions in the Internet Google is land economics (494 thousand. Mentions), followed by technical (487 thousand. References). It noted widespread references in the search engine world for Ukraine Yandex.ua term cadastral survey (6 million. Mentions), followed by technical (5 million. References), legal, social and environmental by 4 million. Mentions. Is ambiguous definition of recurrence frame ecological economy and «Ecological and economic management». Thus, according Yandex.ua, leader of «Ecological and economic management» (8 million. Mentions) and the version of Google.com leader «Ecological and economic management» (3 million. References). This communication should focus that the terms in English prevail in times of recurrence in the same terms in Ukrainian or Russian. In this regard, in our view, training in management, inventory, assessment and protection must be understood as education relevant educational qualification (Bachelor, Master) in Architecture and Construction 19), Management and (code (code 10) and professions (specializations) related to professional management, environmental, economic, scientific and other activities consisting of the central and local authorities, enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of ownership. At present the main problems of preparation, training and retraining in the field of are the lack of a systematic approach to funding, standardization organization and implementation of educational and research activities in the field of management, inventory and appraisal and protection, expansion professions (specializations) related with administrative, environmental, economic, scientific and other activities in the field of management. It is proposed to expand the training of specialists in the field of appropriate educational qualification (Bachelor, Master) in management and administration 07), Natural Science 10) and professions (specializations) related to professional management, environmental, economic, scientific and other activities. Keywords . Directions of training, specialties in sciences.

Personnel management and job satisfaction in academic libraries: a case study of federal college education Yola. Adamawa state, Nigeria

The study examined personnel management and job satisfaction in academic libraries: A case study of the Federal College of Education Yola, Adamawa State. The objectives of the study were to: determine the methods used for personnel recruitment, determine the level of staff development, identify the motivational factors of the library personnel, determine the level of job satisfaction and needs of the personnel, and assesses allowances/pay packages of the personnel. Literatures were reviewed based on objectives of the study. Survey research was the method adopted for the study. The target population of the study was the 18 library personnel in the Federal College of Education Yola. Questionnaire was used for this research as the main data collection instrument, and descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. The major findings are that: Majority of the library personnel were recruited before starting the job, Majority of the staff were trained before starting the job, also the staff were sponsored for in- service training programme, findings also reveals that promotions and refresher courses motivate library personnel’s, majority of the library personnel were satisfied with their present job, and only few of the staff were given soft loan as a welfare allowance. It was recommended that the library Management of the Federal College of Education Yola library should widely recruit personnel and device the method of training and retraining them, library management should also create an enabling environment for the library personnel to undergo in-service training, also considerations should be given to adequate pay packages/allowance which includes rent in bulk, hazard and over time. They should also be highly motivated through promotions and salary increment. And the library Management should endeavor to strategize and encourage workers to perform better by providing them with necessary benefits such as hazard allowance, and other allowances.

Partially supervised P300 speller adaptation for eventual stimulus timing optimization: target confidence is superior to error-related potential score as an uncertain label

Objective. Error-related potentials (ErrPs) have the potential to guide classifier adaptation in BCI spellers, for addressing non-stationary performance as well as for online optimization of system parameters, by providing imperfect or partial labels. However, the usefulness of ErrP-based labels for BCI adaptation has not been established in comparison to other partially supervised methods. Our objective is to make this comparison by retraining a two-step P300 speller on a subset of confident online trials using naïve labels taken from speller output, where confidence is determined either by (i) ErrP scores, (ii) posterior target scores derived from the P300 potential, or (iii) a hybrid of these scores. We further wish to evaluate the ability of partially supervised adaptation and retraining methods to adjust to a new stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA), a necessary step towards online SOA optimization. Approach. Eleven consenting able-bodied adults attended three online spelling sessions on separate days with feedback in which SOAs were set at 160 ms (sessions 1 and 2) and 80 ms (session 3). A post hoc offline analysis and a simulated online analysis were performed on sessions two and three to compare multiple adaptation methods. Area under the curve (AUC) and symbols spelled per minute (SPM) were the primary outcome measures. Main results. Retraining using supervised labels confirmed improvements of 0.9 percentage points (session 2, p < 0.01) and 1.9 percentage points (session 3, p < 0.05) in AUC using same-day training data over using data from a previous day, which supports classifier adaptation in general. Significance. Using posterior target score alone as a confidence measure resulted in the highest SPM of the partially supervised methods, indicating that ErrPs are not necessary to boost the performance of partially supervised adaptive classification. Partial supervision significantly improved SPM at a novel SOA, showing promise for eventual online SOA optimization.

Comparison of the ICT literacy level of the Slovakian and Hungarian students in the higher education

Communication and technology have an important role in life and especially in education. Nowadays, students generally use technology for communication. When using technology in education, there may be some communication barriers. In this research, it is studied about communication barriers that prevent teachers’ candidates to use technology. The aim of this research is to find the communication barriers which teachers’ candidates face when they utilize technology. First of all we have to see the ICT knowledge level of the students to make decision about the application and retraining methods. It is important to know can we find any difference in ICT literacy between the Hungarian and the Slovakian students. We measured the ICT literacy level with a tool consisting of 15 items (Likert scaled. We worked with 663 students. The data analysis was performed with SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test. ICT literacy comparison has showed significant differences by countries, the Hungarian students ICT literacy was on higher level (self-report) except by using learning platforms.

Energy consumption control automation using Artificial Neural Networks and adaptive algorithms: Proposal of a new methodology and case study

Energy consumption control in energy intensive companies is always more considered as a critical activity to continuously improve energy performance. It undoubtedly requires a huge effort in data gathering and analysis, and the amount of these data together with the scarceness of human resources devoted to Energy Management activities who could maintain and update the analyses’ output are often the main barriers to its diffusion in companies. Advanced tools such as software based on machine learning techniques are therefore the key to overcome these barriers and allow an easy but accurate control. This type of systems is able to solve complex problems obtaining reliable results over time, but not to understand when the reliability of the results is declining (a common situation considering energy using systems, often undergoing structural changes) and to automatically adapt itself using a limited amount of training data, so that a completely automatic application is not yet available and the automatic energy consumption control using intelligent systems is still a challenge.This paper presents a whole new approach to energy consumption control, proposing a methodology based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and aimed at creating an automatic energy consumption control system.First of all, three different structures of neural networks are proposed and trained using a huge amount of data. Three different performance indicators are then used to identify the most suitable structure, which is implemented to create an energy consumption control tool. In addition, considering that huge amount of data are not always available in practice, a method to identify the minimum period of data collection to obtain reliable results and the maximum period of usability is described. The general purpose of the work is to allow the automatic utilization of this kind of tools, so a method to identify a lack of accuracy in the model and two different retraining methods are proposed and compared (Mobile Training and Growing Training).The whole approach is eventually applied to the case study of a tertiary building in Rome (Italy).

Effects of low back pain and of stabilization or movement-system-impairment treatments on induced postural responses: A planned secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundMotor retraining for non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) often focuses on voluntary postural tasks. This training, however, may not transfer to other known postural impairments, such as automatic postural responses to external perturbations. ObjectivesTo evaluate the extent current treatments of motor retraining ameliorate impaired postural coordination when responding to a perturbation of standing balance. DesignPlanned secondary analysis of a prospectively registered (NCT01362049), randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. MethodSixty-eight subjects with chronic, recurrent, non-specific LBP were allocated to perform a postural response task as a secondary assessment one week before and one week after receiving either stabilization or Movement System Impairment (MSI)-directed treatment over 6 weekly 1-h sessions plus home exercises. For assessment, subjects completed the Oswestry disability and numeric pain rating questionnaires and then performed a postural response task of maintaining standing balance in response to 3 trials in each of 4 randomly presented directions of linear surface translations of the platform under the subjects' feet. Integrated amplitudes of surface electromyography (EMG) were recorded bilaterally from the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles during the postural response task. ResultsNo significant effects of treatment on EMG responses were evident. Oswestry and numeric pain ratings decreased similarly following both treatments. ConclusionsStabilization and MSI-directed treatments do not affect trunk EMG responses to perturbations of standing balance in people with LBP, suggesting current methods of motor retraining do not sufficiently transfer to tasks of reactive postural control.