Retail Formats Research Articles

Assessing the degree of perceived risk in adoption of mobile payment system by retailers in India

Mobile payment system (MPS) is an integral component of service delivery system in almost every service organisation and in order to achieve operational excellence (OpEx) in services, one needs a tool to assess the underlying perceived risk with a given retailer segment. MPS is important in terms of economics, security and the productivity of a business. This study assesses the degree of PR in adoption of MPS by various types of retailers in Indian context. The study first prioritises various factors of PR from a retailer's point of view using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). Further, using the output of FAHP the degree of PR in adoption of MPS is established for three formats of retailing. Additionally, it supports small retailer's base by creating more awareness among government bodies and managers as to how to reduce the PR associated with MPS and take a step towards achieving OpEx in service delivery system.

Research on enterprise terminal network planning under the new retail format

Research on enterprise terminal network planning under the new retail format

Research on enterprise terminal network planning under the new retail format

Research on enterprise terminal network planning under the new retail format

Research on the Integration of the new generation of information technology into the curriculum system of business education

With the development of the new generation of information technology, fintech, big data, block chain, cloud computing and other new information technology, as well as the emergence of new retail, new finance, intelligent manufacturing, digital management and other new formats. They pose new challenges to business education. Talent is the first resource. How to cultivate talents with new business technology and professional skills to adapt to the development of new business is an important issue in front of every business education institution, especially in the aspect of curriculum system. This paper discusses the research status, content, significance and thinking of the integration of the new generation of information technology into the curriculum system of business education, aiming to provide theoretical reference for the cultivation of composite applied business talents.

Covid-19 Impact on Retailing

In early 2019, retailers had reason to be optimistic. Unemployment was low and while many retailers closed branches, overall, retailing rose. The hospitality and travel industries were at their highest revenue levels in more than 16 years and consumer spending was at a high. Traditional retail formats were no longer working as Omni channel retailing took hold. Very few could have predicted that retail employees would become essential workers as a pandemic hit the world. The retailing industry took a major hit and experts are unsure about a total recovery. In this paper we examine the impact of COVID-19 on retail environments and what the future of retailing may hold

Customers’ Perception towards CRM Practices in reference to Organized Retail in India

Retailing being one of the fastest growing sectors is facing tremendous competition from domestic as well as foreign players. Customer retention is an area of serious concern for online as well as offline retailers in the Indian economy, driving players in the Indian business scenario to bring radical change in their CRM practices which affects their customers perception. Retailers are highly concerned in identifying the key drivers of service execution that model customer shopping satisfaction and enhance loyalty. Customer satisfaction & loyalty is an outcome of sound customer relationship management practices. Thus, to ensure the prolong survival in the highly aggressive retail business environment customer centric approach is hour’s need. This paper critically analyses Customer’s perception towards CRM practices with reference to organized retail in India. Major parameters such as reliability, product attributes, customer service, convenience and ambience are identified to evaluate the customer perception towards CRM practices. The relevance of each parameter is analyzed with special reference to both the formats of organized retailing i.e., online & offline. For in-depth analysis of each parameter in both the formats of retail, they are further divided into sub-parameters. A survey is conducted for collecting data about customers perception towards these parameters. A statistical tool two-way ANOVA is used to analyze the variation in customer perception between online and offline retail. Based on analysis and major findings of research a conceptual model is also being proposed to get a pictorial view of how these parameters are affecting customers perception towards online & offline retail.

Buyers' trust and mistrust in e-commerce platforms: a synthesizing literature review

Electronic markets have grown substantially, and they are considered an effective form of retail in recent years. Despite such growth, lack of physical transactions between different parties, as well as users' concerns about their privacy and security of transactions in electronic commerce (e-commerce) platforms have jeopardized users' trust. Thus, trust as a key issue for reducing consumers' perceived risk and the successful promotion of e-commerce has motivated many researchers to study it. This paper created a comprehensive and up-to-date framework that synthesized the previous studies in the literature conducted on trust in e-commerce environments. A systematic literature review method was selected to achieve this aim. The initial search in 17 top-ranked information systems journals and conferences resulted in 129 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Then these studies underwent an in-depth examination to determine how trust had been conceptualized in e-commerce environments. Further, the theoretical bases in relation to trust in e-commerce contexts used in the literature were investigated. The study concludes with implications for practice and a critical agenda for future research.

Management of Innovations in Organic Food Distribution and their Impact in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic and Electronic Economy in Poland

Purpose: The major goal of this study is the identification and assessment of innovations in organic food distribution and their importance in times of pandemic and electronic economy in Poland, especially actions undertaken by special chain stores of organic food. Approach/Methodology/Design: A study of a selected chain store was carried out in 2021 by the Mystery shopper method in Warsaw, Wroclaw, Swarzedz and Poznan. It was comprehensive and of nationwide character. The results were compared with customers’ opinions in which way a comprehensive assessment was achieved. Additionally, the study presents information about the development of chain stores in Poland including those which sell organic foods. Characteristics of organic food customers in the time of pandemic and electronic economy have been presented as well as the concept and classification of innovation and innovative solutions implemented in similar chain stores abroad. Findings: Implementation of technological innovation was assessed for a selected specialist chain store. Innovative, 24 hour, phone application based customer self-service with no personnel present (24/7) meets customers’ expectations and is well rated by most of them (well and very well by 81%). Customers’ comfort and communication were best rated, time efficiency slightly lower, whereas reliability was given the lowest, though better than good, score. Practical Implications: The study provides clients with the possibility of doing shopping with assistance of a consultant when needed, and it offers a chance for an individual, unattended purchase with the use of an application for those who avoid direct contact with other people in the time of pandemic and want to choose the product by themselves. Such a system is an option between the traditional form of stationary retailing and online shopping. Originality/Value: The proposed solutions are to contribute to the development of organic food market and marketing in the studied area.

Defining Pop-up Stores

Purpose of the research: The purpose of this paper is to define pop-up stores. Design/Methodology: Adopting an exploratory research design, semi-structured interviews and field observations were undertaken with brand managers of different types of pop-up stores and at different industry levels in Lebanon. Results/findings: A pop-up store is guided by a clear strategy to meet specific objectives using available resources. Research findings highlight a clear distinction between pop-up stores developed by newly established brands and mature brands in terms of purpose and function. The two brand classes can each manifest in four types of pop-up stores: pop-up as a distribution channel, pop-up as a communications channel, pop-up as a distribution and communications channel and pop-up complementing a distribution channel. Practical implications and conclusions: This study qualitatively explores brand managers’ understanding of pop-up stores, their perceptions and their uses in the Middle Eastern market; a market that hasn’t yet been explored in academic research related to these types of stores. It presents, defines and contextualizes a pop-up store and anchors it among new types of retail formats.

A Typology of Food Environments in the Pacific Region and Their Relationship to Diet Quality in Solomon Islands.

Extensive literature describes the importance of food environments (FEs) as a driver of food choices and nutrition outcomes; yet existing FE frameworks do not adequately capture the diversity of FEs relevant to the Pacific Region. This limits identification of opportunities in food systems to reduce the multiple burden of malnutrition. We present a conceptual typology of FEs including six primary FEs relevant in the Pacific; wild; cultivated; kin and community; informal retail; formal retail; and food aid and services. We then apply this typology to food acquisition data from Solomon Islands 2012/13 Household Income and Expenditure Survey and analyse the relationship between FEs and diet quality. The cultivated FE accounts for 60% of the quantity of food acquired nationally, followed by wild (15%), kin and community (9%), and formal and informal retail FEs (8% each), with wide variation between urban and rural households, provinces and wealth groups. Reliance on different FEs is a significant predictor of diet quality and affirms the importance of subsistence fisheries and agriculture, and community and kinship networks. Integration of a FE typology such as the one presented here in commonly conducted household expenditure surveys offers significant opportunity to advance our understanding of food system leverage points to improve nutrition and health.

Retail Format Usage: Pre-COVID-19 Benchmark Data, Pandemic Practice, and Emergent Influence

Background: COVID-19 brought revolutionary change in consumer retail format behavior. Pre-pandemic, multiple retail formats were available, and consumers showed evidence of preference for particular formats. Then, the disruptions caused by store closures and stay-at-home mandates altered consumer behavior substantially.
 Aims of the Study: The purpose of this work is to report the results of research on consumer preferences for retail formats as a benchmark for examination of changes in consumer usage of retail formats wrought by COVID-19 and projection of emergent post-pandemic behaviors. Pre-COVID-19, variety in retail formats proliferated. 
 Methodology Employed: Survey methodology captured preferences, practices, and recommendations related to use of retail formats. Research questions included: a) Which retail formats do consumers prefer? b) Which digital tools do consumers use to make purchases? c) Does delivery mode and/or product type influence retail format preference? d) Does retail format influence impulse purchasing behavior? e) Do consumers mix retail formats when making product purchases? and f) What will be the implications of COVID-19 for retail format preference?
 Results: Consumers reported differences in preferences for online, in-store, catalogue, and phone retail formats. Product type influenced consumer retail format preferences. Retail format influenced impulse purchase behaviors. Consumers used smart phones, laptops, desktops, tablets, email, discussion boards, social media, and social networks as purchasing tools.
 Conclusions: This study investigated pre-pandemic consumer preferences and usage variables related to retail format. It provides benchmarks for examination of changes resultant from the massive retail disruptions of mandatory store closures and stay-at-home mandates. It further provides a framework for projections of emergent, post-pandemic behaviors.
 Recommendations: The authors recommend further investigation of consumer retail format use during and subsequent to the height of the pandemic. Comparison of consumer usage pre- and post-pandemic can provide valuable input to retail planning.

Drivers of Customer Retention: An Introspection Into Indian Retail Customers

There is a wide variety of choices for the modern retail customer including multiple retail formats. The success of the retail establishments has a great reliance of customer retention, which is an essential attribute to achieve profitability. This study takes in to consideration to extract the factors responsible for customer retention which in turn assists in increasing the customer base. The prime objective of the study is to ascertain the influence of customer satisfaction, switching costs and customer loyalty on customer retention. Whereas, the second one is to explore the effect of demographic factors on customer retention. The sample size of this study was 600 respondents who were chosen for the full-fledged study. The statistical techniques used for final analysis were structural equation modelling and regression. The findings subsequent to the statistical analysis and interpretation concluded that customer loyalty, customer satisfaction and switching cost have the strongest effect on customer retention in retails. Customer satisfaction alone is not every time an indicator of customer loyalty. A loyal customer will spread positive word of mouth to other prospective customers about the retail. Occupation of respondent has a major influence on customer retention dimensions.

The Effect of Online Channel Addition on Store Performance: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Chain Retailers

Abstract With the rapid development of e-Commerce and takeaway platforms, retailers have gradually developed multi-channel operations. However, limited empirical studies explored the effects of an online channel offered by takeaway platforms on the store performance. Does an online channel addition have a synergy effect or a cannibalization effect on store performance? We empirically investigate these effects by analyzing a large dataset including diverse samples collected from multiple retailers across various regions. The dataset includes 2115 stores across 25 retailers for 10 months that includes two types of retail formats and covers 16 provinces and 21 cities of China. We study the impacts of the newly introduced online channel on the incumbent offline channel and the overall store performance. The empirical results reveal that the online channel addition mainly has a synergy effect. Specifically, for the overall store, it has a positive effect on the sales and product variety, whereas it has a negative effect on the basket size. Surprisingly, an online channel addition also has a positive effect on the offline sales. Our study adds novel values to multi-channel retailing literature by empirically researching the cannibalization and synergy effect of a new type of online channel, offered by takeaway platforms. It can provide insights for retail enterprises who are interested in introducing O2O model.

Luxury fashion retailers' localised marketing strategies in practice – evidence from China

PurposeFrom an international retailing perspective, this empirical study aims to examine luxury fashion retailers' changing marketing strategies in China.Design/methodology/approachUsing case studies of 14 luxury fashion retailers, qualitative data were collected via 31 semi-structured executive interviews.FindingsBoth standardised global and localised multinational marketing strategies were found to have initially been employed by luxury fashion retailers entering into China. Subsequently, localised multinational strategies became increasingly important for their post-entry operations and business development, particularly in terms of their product strategies. More specifically, as well as the introduction of Chinese brand names, product design has been adapted according to Chinese market conditions, and product portfolios have been adapted to satisfy regional differences. However, localised product sourcing in China is far less common.Research limitations/implicationsAs the findings are generated from China, they may not explain luxury fashion retailers' marketing strategies in other markets. Despite the relatively small sample size, the 14 luxury fashion retailer case studies originate from across a wide range of countries, retail formats and ownership structures and are therefore considered to be varied enough to represent the market.Practical implicationsThe study offers practitioners insights into the success that can be generated by the manipulation of marketing strategies, particularly product strategies, within the world's second biggest luxury market.Originality/valueThis paper extends the current international retailing literature by examining and comparing the motives and practices of luxury fashion retailers and the increasing localisation of their marketing strategies in China as they move from initial market entry into their post-entry operations.

When value- and experience-related trade promotions influence retailers’ sales: the moderating role of retail format strategy and channel structure

PurposeAs manufacturers and retailers aim to increase return on marketing investments, value-vsexperience-related trade promotions gain attention. These two trade promotions become complicated in the presence of different retail format strategies (generalistvsspecialist) and channel structures (direct to retailervsdistributors). Building on trade promotion literature, this study aims to show the main effect of value-related and experience-related trade promotions on retailers’ sales and the moderating role of different retail strategies and channel structures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use unique panel data from 8 personal care brands with 1,920 observations to test the hypotheses. The authors investigate how consumer goods manufacturer sells products using different channels structures and retail strategies. Estimated panel regressions provide the empirical evidence and robustness analyzes provide extra confidence to the findings.FindingsResults reveal higher retail sales when the manufacturer invests in value-related trade promotions rather than experience-related trade promotions. The results also demonstrate how the manufacturer successfully invests in trade promotion by adequately accounting for channel structure and retail strategy. While temporary price reduction’s positive effect on retail sales is enhanced in generalist retailers (e.g. supermarket stores), shelf display’s positive impact is enhanced in specialist retailers (drug stores).Research limitations/implicationsThe authors used unique panel data accounting for 15 months, limiting the findings. The results supported the investment allocation decisions in each period. However, future research may evaluate the effectiveness over a longer period and thoroughly address each investment’s seasonal effects.Practical implicationsThe authors unveil how retailers achieve higher sales with value-related trade promotions when compared to experience-related trade promotions. The authors also shed light on the way manufacturers design their relationships with generalist and specialist retailers by working in direct and indirect channels. Trade promotions yield better results when the direct channel structure couples with a retailer’s generalist strategy.Originality/valueThe empirical findings help manufacturers achieve success in trade promotions by developing an equitable evaluation to contrast value- and experience-related promotions accounting for generalist and specialist retail strategies and direct and indirect channels.

DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMER RETAIL FORMAT CHOICE BETWEEN TRADITONAL AND MODERN RETAILERS IN PAKISTAN

The retail sector is experiencing a transformation with the entry of modern retailers in Pakistan. As a result, now consumers have a choice of shopping either at traditional or modern retailers. The study is aimed at finding out the determinants of consumer retail format choice between traditional and modern retailers. To this end, primary data were collected through personal interviews of 250 respondents who were intercepted randomly while shopping at different retail places in Lahore and Faisalabad - the two highly populated and major cities in Pakistan. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and binary logit model were employed for the analysis of data. Results indicated age, being accompanied with family while shopping, income and five store-related attributes such as store design and environment, promotion, product quality, employee behavior and location as the important determinants of consumer retail format choice in Pakistan. The study recommends that traditional retailers need to upgrade their businesses and align themselves with changing consumer preferences. Modern retailers should make their store design and environment more attractive, ensure product quality and improve promotional strategies and employee responsiveness for enhancing their customer base. Findings can be useful to the strengthening of both the retail formats in Pakistan.

Analysis and Countermeasures of Y Company's Cost Management in New Retail Form

With the development of Internet and e-commerce, is emerging quietly. Although the new retail model has driven the transformation and upgrading of traditional retail and e-commerce retail, there are also some problems in the process of large-scale expansion of retail. For example, there was a brief cooling down from the end of 2018, and the amount of financing dropped significantly. In 2019, Hema closed its stores for the first time in history. Therefore, this paper takes Company Y, an advanced new retail enterprise in China, as an example to study the cost management of enterprises under the new retail format in China. Based on the cost management, this paper analyzes the Company Y and puts forward some countermeasures to solve the problems.

The Attitude of Consumers towards Organised Food Retailing: An Application of Attitude-towards-Object Model

Organised retail sector is booming in metros, cities and now even in small towns; and organised food retailing is one of the fastest growing sector among them. The different types of food retail formats have its own characteristics, focus and target market. The customer or consumer has their own criteria to select a particular food retail format. The selection is based on the attitude of the customer or consumer towards the attribute of the retail format. There are many model to find the attitude of customer or consumer towards any product, service and brands. This study is an attempt to find out the customer's or consumer's attitude towards three major food retailing formats i.e Big Bazaar, a hypermarket; Reliance Fresh, a convenience store and Suvidha, a supermarket.

The Effect Of Retail Shop Format on Customer Relationship and Customer Loyalty With Customer Trust as Mediation Variables (Case Study : Make Over Retail Stores in Surabaya)

To solve these problems, this research aims to analyse the relationship between satisfaction , customer attitude loyalty and customer behaviour loyalty and the influence of different retail formats. The variables used in these research are Satisfaction (S), Trust (T), Attitudinal Loyalty (AL), and Behavioural Loyalty (BL). This research was conducted using a quantitative approach and the data used in this study were obtained from questionnaires to 211 respondents by distributing questionnaires directly (direct survey) to Make Over shops in Surabaya shopping centres. Hypotheses testing in this study use Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of this study indicated that the Satisfaction variable has a positive and significant relationship to the Attitude Loyalty variable and has an influence on Behavioural loyalty through Attitude Loyalty. In addition, the SEM analysis results have a new finding that the Trust variable which is a mediation variable in this study does not have a significant effect on loyalty. From the results of hypothesis testing, this study also formulated managerial implications that can be applied by Make Over as an additional reference to improve service quality in retail stores such as bundling strategies and giving free gifts, implementing referral marketing strategies and focusing on increasing satisfaction

The existential crisis of traditional shopping streets: the sun model and the place attraction paradigm

ABSTRACT This paper explores the crisis in our traditional shopping streets driven by the rapid move to shopping online. The paper examines the nature of traditional shopping streets; why physical and local shopping is important; conceptualizes the distinguishing characteristics of traditional forms of retail and online shopping alongside the factors that determine shopping choices; and explores different approaches to shaping the future of traditional shopping streets. Ultimately, it asks, what are the key place-based intervention factors that can help to guarantee a future for traditional shopping streets?