National Revival Research Articles

The National Idea as a Driving Force behind Ideospheric Transformation in Uzbekistan: Exploring its Implications and Impact

The spiritual and educational reforms implemented as part of the Third Renaissance have significantly transformed the societal consciousness and worldview in our country. Central to this transformation is the life-affirming concept of “from national revival to national development,” which has emerged as a key guiding principle in shaping contemporary national identity and aspirations. This article offers an in-depth examination of these transformative reforms, focusing on their role in fostering a renewed sense of national purpose and cultural development. Furthermore, the article investigates the broader implications of these reforms on the collective psyche and cultural ethos of the nation. It delves into how the integration of national ideals into educational curricula and spiritual practices is intended to cultivate a sense of unity, purpose, and moral integrity among citizens. The article also addresses the challenges and successes encountered in this process, providing a comprehensive overview of how these efforts are shaping the future trajectory of the nation. In essence, this article provides a thorough analysis of the role of spiritual and educational reforms in advancing the nation’s collective aspirations, with a particular focus on the impact of nurturing national idea in guiding the youth and reinforcing the core values of society.

The Dynamics of Ancient Thought: How Philosophies Shaped Changing Societal Ideospheres

In contemporary society, achieving significant national revival and progress necessitates a thorough and nuanced analysis of diverse ideas and perspectives aimed at rejuvenating our ideological framework. This includes drawing meaningful conclusions and lessons from these analyses. It is imperative to study the socio-philosophical dimensions of the evolution of various ideas concerning the renewal of societal ideology. This exploration should particularly focus on the contributions of Eastern and Western thinkers who have proposed transformative concepts for renewing consciousness and thought. The perspectives articulated by these philosophers have profoundly influenced the historical trajectory of spiritual and intellectual development across civilizations. These ideas emerged and evolved through the examination of the social environment, human relationships, and the ongoing quest to transform and understand the world. They reflect the advancement of scientific thought, spiritual progress, and the evolution of democratic societies, all of which contribute to the promotion and implementation of ideospheric renewal. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the scientific and philosophical perspectives of key thinkers, scholars, and public figures on the renewal of societal ideology. It explores the insights of ancient philosophers such as Zoroaster, Confucius, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, highlighting the critical importance of integrating these renewal concepts, with a particular focus on transforming individual consciousness.

Paradoxes of Historical Consciousness in Ulaanbaatar Monumental Sculpture. Ideological Function of Monuments in the Context of “Mongolian National Revival” in the 21st Сentury

This article deals with Ulaanbaatar monumental sculptures which have been produced during the course of the last 20 years. It studies various processes typical of the socio-political and cultural life of present-day Mongolia that impressed greatly content as well as style of many monuments erected in honor of the outstanding leaders of this country. The core idea of these artworks consists in developing the concept of the national identity which became characteristic of the spiritual life of Mongolia after the Democratic Revolution of 1990. In its turn, this concept is based on specific interpretation of Mongolia’s historical past which is focused on the figure of Chingis khan as an embodiment of the national idea. The establishment of his cult in the democratic country with market economy forms an essential element in the process designated in this article as “Mongolian national revival”. Within the general framework of the state cultural policy, this tendency found its expression in erecting a wide range of various monuments dedicated to the Great Khan as well as other rulers of mediaeval Mongolia. On the other hand, it’s also evident that this policy implies an idea of historical continuity that provides a link between different epochs of Mongolian history. This leads to the conclusion that Communist leaders of the People’s Republic of Mongolia are nowadays considered as the true hears of the mediaeval rulers of the country because they also contributed to the Mongolian civilization building. This article demonstrates what kind of artistic means have been implemented in solving this task. One of the major concerns consisted in involving the viewer in comprehending meaning of the monuments. This stimulated the emergence of the new and highly innovative artistic typology of the monumental-didactic sculptural ensemble exemplified in the monument to the singer S. Tsogtsaihan.

CВІТАНОК БІЛОРУСЬКОЇ НЕЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ТА УЗУРПАЦІЯ ВЛАДИ РЕЖИМОМ ОЛЕКСАНДРА ЛУКАШЕНКА

Despite the geographical and cultural proximity, the contemporary history of Belarus is poorly represented in Ukrainian historiography. The study of the socio-political processes that took place in the Republic of Belarus after it became an independent country is necessary to understand the reasons for the failure of its nationally oriented course in 1991–1994, the Lukashenko regime’s coming to power and its subsequent transformation into a state unfriendly to Ukraine and the Euro-Atlantic bloc. After gaining independence during the «parade of sovereignties» in 1988–1991, Belarus began to experience the processes of national revival of the Belarusian language and culture and democratisation of social and political life, initiated by the national conservatives from the Belarusian Populat Front (BPF), but already in the fourth year of independence, the above-mentioned processes were curtailed and the Republic of Belarus, headed by the permanent president Alexander Lukashenko, became known as «Europe’s last dictatorship». Nevertheless, mass opposition protests have been taking place almost throughout the entire period since 1994, from the so-called Minsk Spring to the large-scale protests of 2020. The article generally chronicles the anti-authoritarian resistance of civil society in Belarus in the 1990s, examining the formation and activities of Zianon Pazniak’s Belarusian People’s Front party, the confrontation between different branches of power against the backdrop of Alexander Lukashenka’s first victory in the presidential election and his subsequent usurpation of power, human rights violations, fraud during the presidential election, regime repression of the opposition and its activities. A special focus on the Belarusian Popular Front is due to the importance of this party as the most significant opposition force during the period of independent Belarus’ existence.

Islamic Revival in Kazakhstan from the Historical Perspective (1991-2020)

In recent years, researchers have increasingly posed the question of the role of Islam in shaping an individual's personality, their spiritual worldview, and socio-cultural identity in the post-Soviet space. This study aims to analyze the process of Islam's resurgence in the Republic of Kazakhstan, particularly in the context of its independence. The study employs a methodological framework grounded in the historical method of comparison. The findings underscore that Islam has evolved into an integral component of contemporary global civilization. In the era of globalization, it has undergone transformations across various levels of public life, serving as a unifying force for diverse reformist ideologies within the Islamic world. The study's conclusion highlights the contemporary period in the Republic of Kazakhstan as characterized by a national revival. This revival encompasses the revitalization of national culture and religion, with a strong emphasis on the development of national culture rooted in traditional spiritual values. Additionally, it recognizes the significant role of religion in shaping national identity. However, it is essential to acknowledge the ongoing tension between historically entrenched aspects of Islam and modern trends. This tension underscores the Islamic resurgence as a unifying force driving reformist ideas within the Islamic world. In summary, the Republic of Kazakhstan's modern era is marked by a profound national revival that encompasses cultural revitalization and a renewed recognition of religion's role in shaping national identity. This revival exists alongside the ongoing interplay between historical Islamic elements and contemporary influences.

Representation of the Croatian National Revival and Romanticism in Croatian Literary Historiography

The paper presents poetically and politically conditioned changes in the interpretationof the literature of the Croatian National Revival period as “Romantic”.It indicates that these phenomena should necessarily be viewed in mutual (inter)action. It states that the Croatian National Revival, as a period that is most frequently demarcated by the years 1835 and 1848–49 in the so-called general historiography, is a necessary framework for the periodisation and understanding of the history of Croatian literature too. This framework does not exclude the necessity of including the concept of Romanticism in the study of Croatian literature of this period, which was strongly influenced by Romantic trends. And consequently it is a stage in a longer period of manifestation of Romantic features in Croatian culture and literature of the 19th century.

Obrazy władców i szlachty polskiej w prozie historycznej Romana Iwanyczuka

The topic of the article is the image of Polish kings and nobility in Roman Iwanyczuk’s historical prose. The analysis was conducted on the basis of three works written at the turn of the 1970s and 1980s. They are only a fragment of the rich literary heritage ofthe famous Ukrainian novelist. Ciemnoczerwone wino (Черлене вино) takes the reader to the 15th century, to Galicia‑Volhynia, which was threatened with polonization. Manuskrypt z ulicy Ruskiej (Манускрипт з вулиці Руської) shows the origin of the idea of the liberation war, the future Chmielnicki Uprising, in Lviv at the turn of the 16th and 18th century. The novel Woda z kamienia (Вода з каменю) presents the beginnings of the Ukrainian national revival in Galicia and the history of the Ruthenian Trinity, with its leader Markian Szaszkewicz. The cyclicality and connections between novels, gives Iwanyczuk’s work spatiotemporal continuity, which encompasses, above all, historical events and figures. The analyzed works present a clearly negative image of the representatives of Polish society, which results from the stereotypical approach to the perception of a Pole in the 20th century Ukrainian literature. Polish rulers and nobility are portrayed through the prism of Polish‑Ukrainian relations at socio‑political, religious and ideological level.

THE CRIMEAN TATAR MUSLIM CULTURE OF THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: MYKHAILO KOTSIUBYNSKYI`S RECEPTION

The article examines Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi’s reception of Crimean Tatar culture. In the 1890s and early 1900s, the author made several trips to Crimea, where he spent two years. The works that were written under the impression of these trips ("In the Shaytan's Chains", "On the Stone" and "Under the Minarets") are analyzed. They reflect the peculiarities of the author's perception of the political, social, and religious life of the Crimean Tatars and Islam. Attention is drawn to Mykhailo Kotsyubynsky's sufficiently good awareness of Tatar culture, especially for a person not native to Crimea. The narrative reflected on the pages of these short stories was present in the field of view of the Ukrainian audience during the Ukrainian-centric period, which in Ukrainian historiography is called "Ukrainian national revival". Back then information about the Muslim culture in the Ukrainian public discourse was represented in a limited way. Emphasis is placed on the presence of Ismail Gasprinsky`s Jadidism ideas in the Crimean society of the period. The importance of Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi`s reception of the Muslim culture for the intellectual history and understanding of the perception of Islam by Ukrainians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is explained.

HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF THE FORMATION OF ETHICS CULTURE IN THE LEGAL PROFESSION

The article explores the historical path of forming a culture of integrity within the legal profession. The national revival of our state sets the task of restoring historical roots, studying the formation of high moral values among officials and representatives of the legal profession to ensure justice and legality in society. It is proven that the characteristics of contemporary understanding of integrity differ from those that existed in historical epochs of other countries and societies. In ancient times, the integrity of officials was characterized by traits such as obedience, dedication, patriotism, and submission to authority. In the Middle Ages and during the formation of Christian ethics, mandatory virtues for officials were established, including loyalty to the monarch, strict adherence to commandments, readiness to defend the kingdom, and other qualities such as compassion, dignity, respect for others, love for one's neighbor, and adherence to Christian principles. In modern times, new values were formed, including rationality, individualism, and freedom of thought. The historical development of the Ukrainian state made it possible to reveal the influence of the moral norms of the Ukrainian people on the formation of a culture of integrity. Special attention is paid to the monument of the Kyivan Rus, "Povchannya" by Volodymyr Monomakh, which emphasizes the importance of adhering to the law and the principles of justice and mercy. Furthermore, it is noted that a prince should be just and merciful and should demand this from his subordinates. The ethics and military virtues of Ukrainian Cossacks are explored, which influenced the moral norms of the Ukrainian people and included loyalty to Ukraine, the Christian faith, and brotherly values that remain relevant in modern society. In conclusion, the culture of integrity in contemporary legal profession contributes to maintaining clients' trust, making fair and objective decisions, preventing corruption and abuse of power, and, most importantly, establishing society's trust in constitutionalism, justice, human rights protection, and the functioning of the legal system as a whole.

Z Onikszt w świat. Antanas Baranauskas w kręgu polskich twórców kultury (rekonesans)

In her article, Elżbieta Flis-Czerniak presents the figure of Antanas Baranauskas (1835–1902). She conducts a reconnaissance of his life and work, comparing him with a circle of Polish cultural creators from various backgrounds, starting from the noon of the 19th century and ending with its twilight. The researcher particularly emphasises that Baranauskas is one of the most outstanding Lithuanian representatives of the nineteenth-century intellectual life: a priest (bishop of Sejny), a poet, a scholar, an author of church songs, for which he composed not only the words, but also the melody. Making invaluable contributions to the Lithuanian cultural and national revival, he remained convinced until the end of his days of the need to strengthen the bonds between Lithuanians and Poles, connected by centuries of common historical experiences.

Being a Historian of Central Europe

The main goal of Historical Studies on Central Europe is to provide an interdisciplinary and international platform for disseminating new findings on Central Europe and enhancing the dialog on it. In this spirit, the editors have decided to launch a series asking prominent scholars of the region: their personal motivations for choosing Central Europe as their field; their view on central questions of methodology, trends, and definition, as well as their opinion on the status of the field. Miroslav Hroch is professor emeritus at Charles University (Prague), where he founded a Seminar in Comparative History in 1994. He wrote pioneering comparative works on the question of nation formation, most notably Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe (1985; originally published in German in 1968). With his comparative researches on national movements, Professor Hroch earned international recognition, in 1997 he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University, Sweden. His other significant books include In the National Interest. Demands and Goals of European National Movements of the Nineteenth Century: a Comparative Perspective (2000); European Nations. Explaining their Formation (2015, originally published in German in 2005).

Modernization of the System of Library Functions in Hybrid Threats Conditions

The aim of the article is to represent the modernization of the system of library functions as a basic concept of activity transformation in conditions of information society and evolution of all its functioning areas in the digitalization epoch.
 Research methods are determined by the goal of the article, and are based on the application of general scientific (cognitive, system analysis, generalization) and special (library science and source science search) methods, including structural and functional, institutional, social and communication approaches.
 Scientific novelty of the study consists in grounding the social and communication approach regarding the research of the library as a social and communication infrastructure, as an integral element of the system of active social communication, and nowadays, as a digital communication in the electronic environment on websites, blogs, social networks, etc.; in modernization of the system of library functions as a basic concept of its activity transformation in conditions of information society and evolution of all its functioning areas in the digitalization epoch.
 Main conclusions. Under the influence of such determining factors as digitalization, globalization and the Russian-Ukrainian war, the transformation of the system of library functions is determined by the socio-political and socio-economic level of development of Ukrainian society. It was the digital era that in conditions of constantly growing information arrays and documentation sources allowed libraries not to lose their position as key institutions in the information and communication structure of society, but to open new opportunities for the national revival of culture, education and science as the basis of the state economic development.
 During the dynamic growth of document creation and document exchange, libraries of Ukraine effectively enrich traditional functions subsystem with new content (educational, general cultural, informational, compensatory, communication, memorial, organizational, educational, cognitive, relaxation, social, value orientation), and successfully realize innovative functions subsystem (educational and advocacy, ensuring free access to the world information space, guidance and counseling, overcoming digital inequality, forming a sustainable interest in reading, collecting documentary evidence of crimes committed by the Russian Federation in relation to objects of cultural heritage of Ukraine), which proves the optimal adaptation of the functioning of Ukrainian librarianship in hybrid threats conditions.

Looking For A Changing Tradition: Kazakh Traditional Doll In Cer-emony, Rite, Game And Art Practice

The study of the doll and its place in the lives of children allows us to more deeply realize its role in any traditional culture, as well as to comprehend the reasons for the modern "doll boom." The Kazakh traditional doll "quyrshaq," balancing between ritual and play practice, has always been the prerogative of the institution of female subculture. Starting from early childhood, transforming, it accompanied its mistress in direct and indirect form up to the very old age. The traditional Turkic doll, considered on the example of Kazakh "quyrshaq," demonstrates not only the chronology of women's life but also characterizes the purely female process of communication with higher powers - deities and spirits of the dead from the perspective of the aforementioned aspects. Consideration of "quyrshaq" as an integral part of women's subculture in the historical retrospective through the prism of sacred and secular will reveal its peculiarities, specify the historical and cultural interrelations between neighboring and related peoples, as well as trace the transformation of this tradition. In order to reveal the designated topic, the research utilized retrospective, comparative, structural-functional, and semiotic approaches. Additionally, a cross-disciplinary analysis was incorporated to enrich the understanding of the cultural nuances surrounding the traditional doll. Nowadays, the traditional doll has fallen out of use due to the extinction of ritual and ceremonial tradition, as well as the appearance of industrial samples of children's dolls of European type in the middle of the twentieth century and their complete dominance in the market in modern times. Information about the Kazakh doll and domestic idols as its cultural prototypes was collected by the authors during the study of archaeological and ethnographic museum exhibits, as well as during field research among the residents of Almaty, Karaganda, and other regions of Kazakhstan in 2017-2019. Thus, the present study has shown that the doll has always reflected certain ethnic and regional traditions or innovations in culture. Through playing with a doll, children reproduced various life situations in accordance with the socio-normative culture of the Kazakh ethnic norms and rules of behavior of the ethnic group. Children through playing with dolls received vital lessons of socio-psychological harmony of personality with the outside world, which in a broad sense can be interpreted as the basis of ritual and ceremonial practice in traditional society. In the present period, designer or art dolls are one of the markers of national revival, characteristic of the whole artistic life of modern Kazakhstan. This resurgence is indicative of a broader cultural renaissance, with these dolls serving as symbolic artifacts embodying the rich heritage and artistic identity of the nation.

ЗА ЕЗИКА НА БЪЛГАРСКАТА ОБЩИНА ВЪВ ВАРНА ПРЕЗ 1868-1869 ГОДИНА СПОРЕД ШЕСТ СЪГЛАСИТЕЛНИ

The following article discusses some linguistic traits found in six documents (hiring agreements), drawn up by the Bulgarian Revival Municipality in Varna between the years 1868-1869. Following the already established research model in Bulgarian linguistics for this type of study, the author analyses the Bulgarian written language in the city during the National Revival period – the alphabet and the use of some specific letters (ъ, ь, ѫ, и, i, ы, ѣ, я), the use of the definite article, the verb forms and some other features which can be considered typical for the period.

Новооткрит възрожденски писмен паметник с гръцко писмо от Централните Родопи

The article deals with the recently discovered Ustovski sbornik, a written monument from the Central Rhodope region. The collection was compiled and owned by Kiryak Byalkovski, a prominent figure in the Central Rhodopes. The texts included in the collection are written in the local Rhodope dialect using the Greek alphabet. In addition, they contain features of South-western Bulgarian dialects, as well as vocabulary distinctive of Church Slavonic. The collection comprises sections of Damaskin sermons and gospel texts, among others. The article presents a set of guidelines for exploring the graphical, grammatical and lexical characteristics of this manuscript as part of the Central Rhodope literary tradition of the Bulgarian National Revival period.

The History of the Formation of Folklore Collections in Belarus

The article focuses on the knowledge of the formation circumstances and development of folklore collections in Belarus in historical perspective. The history of collecting Belarusian folklore is explored, concentrating on the main ideas and the most influential collectors and groups of collectors. The research questions concern the main collection centers, gathering strategies, and their changes in accordance with the dominant state ideology and cultural policy. The study reveals that the growing interest in collecting folklore was closely connected with the process of national revival and the creation of the Belarusian state. Initiated by the passion of individual amateur collectors and local historians, the collection of folklore gradually became an important national task and was concentrated in the main scientific centers. Besides state ideology, the greatest influence on the formation of folklore collections, their form and content, is exerted by the goals and approaches of individuals. The personality, the level of education and age of the collector have a direct impact on the collection processes and, respectively, on the data obtained as a result.

CONCEPTUAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF ETHNODESIGN IN UKRAINE, WITH REGARD TO THE PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

In the work, it is determined that the processes of globalization, characteristic of modern society, require an understanding of the problems of national revival, a reflection of the manifestation of the features of national culture in modern ethnodesign. Therefore, the study of its phenomenon in the system of ethno-cultural values as an important component of culture is relevant, because namely design affects the formation of the mentality of both an individual and the people in general. The role of ethnodesign as an element of culture in the context of globalization and multicultural transformations, in particular against the background of glocalization processes, is studied. It is shown that design today acts as a kind of intermediary, reproducing the peculiarities of the functioning of objects, things in the sphere of culture, performs sociocultural functions, increasing the value characteristics of the environment with its works. Conceptual provisions for the development of Ukrainian ethnodesign as a creative modernization of traditional artistic forms, creation of a cultural image and a national brand as a tool of soft power in the conditions of globalization are suggested.

Traditions and Customs of the Kazakh People: Place and Role in the Modernization of Society

The article analyzes the nature and essence of traditions and customs and their place and role in the modern everyday life of Kazakh people. Based on the outcomes of previous studies of Kazakh history, philosophy, and sociology and on the examination of the national cultural policy, especially the preservation of national culture and the revival of forgotten traditions and customs, it highlights main challenges related to the education in the field of progressive cultural traditions, reveals, reasons of why some of the cultural practices and norms stay alive when others disappearing. The study goal is to show the role of the traditions and customs of the Kazakh people in the revival process of the national culture during the period of social modernization. The article considers traditions and customs as an integral sociocultural dimension of human activity and communication, creating the basis for the entire diversity of cognitive experience. Based on the already published and widely known materials on nomadic and Turkic cultures, traditions, and customs, the author examines connections between historical traditions of the steppe life, their representation in the modern everyday life of the Khazakh people, and their future as a part of the national culture of independent Kazakhstan. For instance, hospitality is a foundational element of both the rites of the nomadic people of the Kazakh steppe and the cultural norms of the contemporary population of Kazakhstan. The article concludes by arguing that customs and traditions are a social mechanism that transfers social values from generation to generation and underlies the basis of national unity and cultural identity of the Kazakh people. Thus, the national culture, containing many traditions, customs, rituals, rituals, is the life-giving environment that can and should serve as a source of national revival for any state, and especially for Kazakhstan. Culture is able to accumulate knowledge and information about the world and pass it on from generation to generation. At the same time, it acts as the social and intellectual memory of a particular nation and humanity in general. Therefore, the purpose of the author during the period of modernization of society is to show the spiritual revival of the national culture of the Kazakh people as an integral part of the world cultural process.

Where and Why Was There a Lack of Economic Growth in the Bulgarian Lands During the National Revival Period

Where and Why Was There a Lack of Economic Growth in the Bulgarian Lands During the National Revival Period

REVIVAL OF UZBEK NATIONALISM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IDENTITY FORMATION IN POST-SOVIET UZBEKISTAN

This article discusses the revival of Uzbek nationalism: a comparative study of identity formation in post-soviet Uzbekistan. The revival of Uzbek nationalism in post-Soviet Uzbekistan represents a multifaceted and complex phenomenon rooted in historical, political, and socio-cultural factors. By exploring the historical background, political climate, language policies, economic challenges, and socio-cultural aspects, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the new national identity formation in Uzbekistan. Understanding the dynamics of this revival is crucial for analyzing the present and future of Uzbek nationalism in a rapidly changing global context.