Impact Test Results Research Articles

Theoretical and numerical analysis of a compact structure with cutting rings for energy absorption mechanism

Structures designed based on the deformation and damage mechanisms of metals are extensively applied in the energy absorption field. Inspired by cutting metal structures, a compact energy absorption structure with cutting rings (ECR) is proposed in this paper, which absorbs energy via metal shearing, extrusion, and upsetting. To investigate the effect of the key geometrical parameters on energy absorption performances of the ECR, including ring thickness and spacing, a parametric study is conducted. The numerical model of the ECR is constructed and validated by the dropping weight impact test results. Combining the response mechanism and numerical analysis, it is found that ECRs with different structural parameters show three typical response modes during the energy absorption process. Mode B is superior to the other two modes, with a higher energy absorption EA and a lower uniformity ratio RU. Moreover, the ECR with a larger ring thickness has a higher peak contact force Fpecf, which changes Mode B to Mode C. Thus, the gradient configuration is introduced to reduce the peak and obtain a steady energy absorption process. It is demonstrated that the gradient ECR shows an approximate 16% reduction in RU and an approximate 9% reduction in Fpecf, as compared to a non-gradient ECR with a similar average ring thickness.

Mechanical Properties Of Welding API 5l X-65 Cladded UNS N08825 Material Due To The Effect of Welding Repair

Abstract This study evaluate the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of API 5L X-65-clad UNS N08825 during repair welding. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding were used in combination to carry out the welding and the repair welding (SMAW). Filler metals ER NiCrMo3 and E NiCrMo3 were used throughout the GTAW and SMAW welding processes. The first specimen served as the primary focus, after which the weld areas of the remaining four specimens were ground, re-beveled, and then re-welded using the same parameters. It performed tensile testing, bending tests, Impact Charpy tests, macro photography tests, and Vickers hardness tests. Repairs weld carried out, the heat-affected zone's hardness in the capping region increased. The findings of the tensile test demonstrate that the tensile strength is not considerably impacted by the welding repair at any particular welding repair location. The biggest decline in the number is caused by the welding repair at PTR 2, which is 0.83 percent. The heat affected area (FL) value decreased by 10.44 percent according to the charpy impact test results. The PTR 1 and PTR 2 areas in the weld metal area had the lowest charpy impact test results, respectively, of 88 J and 258 J.

Bifunctional modification of graphene by phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing silane compounds for smoke suppression and flame retardancy of epoxy resins

AbstractEnhancing the flame retardancy with minimal impact on the mechanical and thermal performances of polymers remains a challenge. This study synthesized a phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing silane compound (D) using polyformaldehyde, KH‐550, and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as raw materials through the Kabachnik‐Fields reaction. After that, D was grafted onto the surface of graphene after hydrothermal treatment to obtain a nano hybrid flame retardant (D‐GR). And D‐GR/EP composites exhibited good flame resistance (LOI = 30.1% and UL‐94 reaches the V‐1 rating) even if the load on D‐GR was 1 wt%. Indeed, the total heat release, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), and the total smoke release of 1% D‐GR/EP dropped by 13.54%, 28.62%, and 44.32%, respectively, in comparison to pure EP. The mechanical performance of 1% D‐GR/EP was effectively maintained, as indicated by the results of impact, tensile and flexural tests. A systematic evaluation indicated that the accession of D‐GR effectively inhibited smoke and heat releases that are ascribed to the synergistic effect of phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing silane compound and graphene. In this study, a facile method was provided for the synthesis of halogen‐free flame‐retardant epoxy composites with superior performances. The combustion products of the as‐prepared composites complied with green and environmental protection standards.

Modelling and simulation of high- and low-speed impact damage of lithium batteries for light and small UAVs

In this study, the high- and low-speed impact damage of lithium batteries for light and small UAVs was investigated through the combination of experimental and simulation methods. A high-precision finite element model of the lithium battery was built, impact compression tests were performed for battery cells and battery modules to investigate the mechanical behavior of the lithium battery under the low-speed impact. In addition, the failure parameters of the lithium battery model were modified through battery cells and battery modules impact compression tests. In this paper, we designed and implemented a battery modules air cannon impact test on aluminum plates. The results achieved using the target impact simulation model of lithium batteries were compared with the results of the lithium battery target impact test. The peak strain error was obtained as 5.1%, the error of the back abrupt deformation of the aluminum plate after the target impact test was found as 5.67%, and the error of the approximate circle diameter of the aluminum plate crater reached 2.23%. The numerical simulation results of the lithium battery target impact were well consistent with the results of the target impact test, thus verifying the accuracy of the lithium battery finite element model built in this study under the high-speed impact. As revealed by the results, when the fall impact speed was higher than the normal flight speed of the UAV, the protective effect of the external battery box on the internal battery cell was found to decrease rapidly; the higher the impact speed, the more serious the damage of the internal single lithium battery would be, thus suggesting that the lithium battery under the high-speed impact would have a high risk of explosion and fire.

Effect of Air Humidity in MIG Welded Joints on Tensile Strength and Impact Strength of Aluminum 5052

In the shipbuilding process, delays often occur. In general, to speed up a ship's construction, overtime is carried out by workers until nighttime. Environmental conditions in a welding process, especially air humidity, strongly affect the properties of welded joints. The formation of hydrogen in the air caused by an inappropriate environment can cause defects in welded joints, especially porosity defects. Variations of welding environmental conditions used, are welding in the morning at 84% air humidity, daytime welding at 53% air humidity, and nighttime welding at 77% air humidity. This study aims to determine the material strength of air humidity variations during the welding process on the tensile strength and impact strength of 5052 aluminum material. This research uses experimental quantitative methods data analysis techniques used analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the higher the air humidity, the tensile and impact strength decreased. From the results of the tensile test, there is an influence of air humidity on the average value of tensile strength, where the highest value is found in the daytime welding variation specimen with 53% air humidity, worth 110.614 MPa. From the impact test results, there is an influence of air humidity on the average value of impact toughness, where the highest value is found in the daytime welding variation specimen with 53% air humidity, worth 89.42 J/mm2. From the ANOVA test results, the average tensile test and impact test have no significant differences.

Performance evaluation of composite sandwich structures with additively manufactured aluminum honeycomb cores with increased bonding surface area

AbstractModern aerostructures, including wings and fuselages, increasingly feature sandwich structures due to their high‐energy absorption, low weight, and high flexural stiffness. The face sheet of these sandwich structures are typically thin composite laminates with interior honeycombs made of Nomex or aluminum. Standard cores are structurally efficient, but their design cannot be varied throughout the structure. With additive manufacturing (AM) technology, these core geometries can be altered to meet the design requirements that are not met in standard honeycomb cores. This study used a modified aluminum honeycomb core, with increased surface area on the top and bottom, as the core material in sandwich panels. The modified honeycomb core was produced through the laser powder bed fusion method. The behavior of the modified sandwich composite panels was evaluated through three‐point bend, edgewise compression, and impact tests, and their performance was compared to that of a conventional honeycomb core sandwich panel. The three‐point bend test results indicated that the sandwich structure's ultimate shear strength improved by 12.6% with the modified honeycomb core. Additionally, the displacement at the failure of the structure increased by 11%. The edgewise compression tests showed that the ultimate edgewise compressive strength improved by 19.1% when using the modified core. The impact test results revealed that the peak force increased by 8% and the energy‐absorbing capacity of the sandwich structure increased by 20% with the use of the modified honeycomb core.

Laboratory assessment of rubber grid-reinforced ballast under impact testing

This study presents the use of rubber grids (RGs) fabricated from end-of-life conveyor belts (i.e. discarded from the mining industry) to improve the performance of ballast tracks. The square apertures of these recycled rubber sheets were cast using a waterjet cutting process. A series of large-scale impact tests were performed on ballast specimens stabilised with three different grids of varied effective area ratios (KA.eff) to evaluate their effectiveness in mitigating the applied impact forces, in relation to both displacement and breakage of the ballast aggregates. Smart Ballast particles with motion-sensing capabilities were adopted to monitor the interaction between the grid and ballast assembly. The impact test results indicate that the inclusion of a RG decreases the deformation and breakage of ballast as well as reduces its vibrations. This study demonstrates that these recycled RGs with optimum effective area ratios can be more effective than conventional polymer geogrids, apart from the obvious environmental benefits.

Influence of Yttria stabilized zirconia coating on Inconel 625 & Hastelloy X with sodium sulphate molten salt

Molten Salts Energy Storage (MSES) is one of the prime practices with high efficiency and long extended service in thermal energy storage method. The drawback in this MSES technology is storage material is subjected to corrosion and scaling can be formed on the surfaces, since it is continuously exposing to molten salts in aggravated temperature environment. To overcome this problem, the material can be coated with thermal barrier coating. In this current effort, Inconel 625 and Hastelloy X super alloy had been trailed as storage material with Yttria stabilized Zirconia coating. The specimens were heated with sodium sulphate molten salt at 1000 °C for 10, 15 and 20 Hours. The evaluation of both uncoated and YSZ coated specimens was done with test results of Tensile, Compression, Hardness and Impact tests. The Morphological study was done with SEM images and the knowledge on scaling was XRD analysis. The YSZ coated Inconel 625 specimens produced negligible differences in the majority of the experimental test values even after 20 h of heating with sodium sulphate molten salt. The results of the SEM and XRD analyses show that YSZ coated superalloy specimens experience less corrosion and oxidation than untreated specimens. Therefore, it might be advised that specimens of Inconel 625 that have been YSZ coated maintain high levels of corrosion resistance and can be used as MSES storage materials.

High-frequency qualifier for impact insulation

Impact insulation criteria are ubiquitous but cannot adequately address every contingency for occupant satisfaction in multifamily living. A Homeowners' Association (HOA) of an existing high-end condominium sought guidance in updating their Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs). Concerns included impact noise in general, with heightened concerns for the several living rooms that are located above bedrooms. This presentation briefly reviews why some aspects of ASTM E1007, E989, and E3222 did not address important concerns for this condominium. A simple, custom "high-frequency qualifier" and procedures for in-situ mockup testing were generated, based in part on the results of impact testing in various units, and in specific response to this situation.

Investigation on lateral impact resistant performance of aluminum foam-filled 6082-T6 aluminum alloy circular tubes: Experimental and numerical study

Nowadays, the aluminum alloy building structure is at risk of the accidental impact loadings, which seriously threatens the personal security and the safety of the property. However, the existing research on the local lateral impact performance of the aluminum foam-filled tube applied to building structures is limited. In this study, impact tests on 9 aluminum foam-filled tubes with fixed boundaries were conducted by using a drop hammer impact test device to investigate the dynamic performance of the foam-filled tube under local lateral low-velocity impact loadings. The failure modes, impact force histories, displacement histories, and permanent deformation of the foam-filled tubes were obtained and compared with those of the empty tubes under the same impact loading. The finite element (FE) model was also established via the software ANSYS/LS-dyna and the accuracy of the FE method was verified against impact test results. Based on the experimental and numerical results, the aluminum foam-filled aluminum tube shows better lateral impact resistant performance than the empty tube due to the support effect of the aluminum foam on the tube wall by good energy absorption and deformation characteristics. Especially, filling the aluminum foam prevents the generation of cracks for the composite tube near the impact position when the impact energy is high. The influence law of the aluminum foam filler and its density, shape of hammer head on the lateral impact resistant performance of the aluminum foam-filled composite tube was then investigated based on the experimental and numerical results by consideration of the damage level, energy absorption, impact force–lateral displacement relationship, and permanent deformation. By filling the aluminum foam into the empty tube, the energy absorption is improved by up to 67.2% and 44.9%, respectively, when the hammer displacement reaches 20 mm and 40 mm within the impact load condition conducted in this study.

Finite element modelling of the fatigue damage in an explosive welded Al-dual-phase steel

Abstract In this study, production of dual phase steel-Al 1100 aluminium alloy laminated composite by explosive welding and investigation the microstructural and mechanical properties especially fatigue life of the composite and its components were aimed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to simulate the bending fatigue tests of the Al 1100-DP steel (LITEC 1050) bimetal. A semi-wave at the explosive interface with intermetallic was obtained as a microstructural result. Hardness was increased near the interface due to deformation and intermetallic formation at the explosive weld interface. The impact test results showed that the samples’ impact toughness was enriched by fabricating steel-Al laminated composite. The results also showed that the Al 1100-DP steel (LITEC 1050) bimetal composite properties were appropriate to the composite theory and satisfied strength-ductility relations accomplished. Additionally, the bending fatigue test and FEA results were compatible. Moreover, fatigue cracks were observed at the explosive weld interface between Litec DP steel and intermetallic but not at the Al-intermetallic interface.

Effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 16%Cr–5%Ni super martensitic stainless steel

The effects of tempering temperature on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 16%Cr–5%Ni super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) were investigated in the present study. Reversed austenite was detected via X-ray diffraction when the as-quenched samples with full martensite were tempered above 500 °C, and its volume fraction attained a maximum of ∼17% at 620 °C. When tempered below 620 °C, all the reversed austenite formed was able to keep stable at room temperature, while partial or even entire reversed austenite formed above 640 °C with Ni content less than 8 wt% transformed back into fresh martensite during cooling, demonstrating that the enrichment of Ni determined the thermal stability of reversed austenite. EDS results revealed that the precipitation of M23C6 carbides caused Ni enrichment in the adjacent regions, promoting the nucleation of reversed austenite, and the growth of reversed austenite was mainly controlled by Ni diffusion. The results of tensile tests and instrumented impact tests indicated that stable reversed austenite effectively improved the ductility and toughness, and offset the deterioration of toughness caused by the M23C6 precipitating at grain boundaries. Tempering at 540 °C achieved an excellent combination of strength and toughness, while the best plasticity of samples was obtained by tempering at 620 °C.

Evaluation of thermal and mechanical properties of continuous fiberglass reinforced thermoplastic composite fabricated by fused deposition modeling

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) is utilized to fabricate continuous fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPCs) and can be considered an alternative to conventional processes. In present study, the specimens are 3D printed in Markforged Mark Two composite 3D printer by considering Onyx as matrix material and fiberglass as reinforcing material. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of Onyx and fiberglass materials are done to investigate their thermal stability and composition. The effect of infill pattern and fiber orientation on tensile and drop impact properties are examined. The TGA results show that the initial decomposition in Onyx is higher compared to fiberglass due to more evaporation of moisture content in Onyx. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the spectrum for both materials is same within the range of wave number from 4000 to 1500 cm−1. The tensile test results represent that the specimen with triangular infill pattern and 0°/90° fiber orientation resulted in maximum tensile strength of 148.01 MPa and the drop impact test results showed that the triangular infill pattern with 0°/90° fiber orientation absorbs maximum impact energy which is 14.90% and 8.98% higher compared to honeycomb and rectangular pattern respectively. Further, the fracture behavior study is carried out based on the optical images of fractured specimens.

Dimensional accuracy and impact resistance of 3D printed clay reinforced with scrap polymer powder

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to give an insight into relevant aspects of 3D printing of clay paste enhanced with scrap polymer powder which have not been investigated by previous studies. Specifically, the geometrical features of the deposited lines, dimensional accuracy of benchmarks and mechanical properties of printed parts are investigated.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the 3D printer is used to deposit lines of the paste under various combinations of material composition and process parameters. 3D scanning is used to measure their dimensional and geometrical errors. The results are elaborated through statistics to highlight the role of material and processing conditions. Then, four benchmark parts are printed using materials with different percentages of polymer powder. The parts are scanned after each step of the post-processing to quantify the effects of printing, drying and melting on dimensional accuracy. Finally, drop weight tests are carried out to investigate the impact resistance of specimens with different powder contents.FindingsIt is found that the quality of deposition varies with the printing speed, nozzle acceleration and material composition. Also, significant differences are observed at the ends of the lines. Materials with 10 Wt.% and 40 Wt.% of powder exhibit relevant shape variations due to the separation of phases. Accuracy analyses show significant deformations of parts at the green state due to material weight. This effect is more pronounced for higher powder contents. On the other hand, the polymer reduces shrinkage during drying. Furthermore, the impact test results showed that the polymer caused a large increase in impact resistance as compared to pure clay. Nonetheless, a decrease is observed for 40 Wt.% due to the higher amount of porosities.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study advance the knowledge on the 3D printing of clay paste reinforced with a scrap polymer powder. This offers a new opportunity to reuse leftover powders from powder bed fusion processes. The findings presented here are expected to foster the adoption of this technique reducing the amount of waste powder disposed of by additive manufacturing companies.Originality/valueThis study offers some important insights into the relations between process conditions and the geometry of the deposited lines. This is of practical relevance to toolpath planning. The dimensional analyses allow for understanding the role of each post-processing step on the dimensional error. Also, the comparison with previous findings highlights the role of part dimensions. The present research explores, for the first time, the impact resistance of parts produced by this technology. The observed enhancement of this property with respect to pure clay may open new opportunities for the application of this manufacturing process.

Impact performance of jute 3D woven auxetic reinforced thermoplastic (PC/PVB) composites

Inducing auxetic nature is one of the emerging techniques to enhance impact tolerance in 3D woven composites due to their unique bidimensional-energy dissipation capability. The conventional 3D orthogonal structure has inherent auxetic nature; however, such auxeticity is completely restricted due to brittle thermoset resins-based composites. To overcome this problem, three types of 3D woven auxetic structures were developed and used as reinforcement with thermoplastic resins, that is, polycarbonate (PC) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The results revealed that the warp interlock structure showed the highest auxeticity, while the bidirectional interlock structure showed the least auxeticity. Charpy and low-velocity impact tests were performed to evaluate the effect of auxeticity on the impact properties of corresponding composites. Warp interlock with PC showed 49% and 47% higher Charpy impact strength and force, respectively, than bidirectional interlock with PC resin. Similarly, the low-velocity impact test results of warp interlock showed 32% and 32.5% higher impact force and absorbed energy, respectively, in warp direction than bidirectional interlock with PC resin.

Properties of basalt/aramid fiber reinforced hybrid composites compared to carbon fiber composites

AbstractDue to environmental concerns and sustainability issues, researchers have focused on developing novel composite structures in different industries. In this study, aramid and basalt fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites were designed and manufactured as an alternative material to carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The hybrid composites were manufactured with different fiber ratios and stacking sequences to examine the effect on mechanical characteristics. Tensile, impact, hardness, morphological analysis, water absorption, and loss on ignition tests were performed to determine the properties of composites. The test results showed that tensile strength of the hybrid samples was dependent on the ratio and the sequence of fibers, while CFRPs had the highest tensile strength among all samples. Impact test results revealed that B24A24 basalt/aramid fiber hybrid composites had higher energy absorption capability compared to CFRPs at all different fiber ratios. Water absorption test results increment that increasing basalt fiber ratio increased the water absorption capacity of the hybrid composites. In case of aramid fiber in the upper layer, a decrease in ignition loss and increase in hardness values were observed. Through scanning electron microscopy analysis, a weak fiber‐matrix bonding was observed in the structure of hybrid samples in contrast to CFRPs.

Dynamic mechanical response and fracture mechanism of rock-like materials with concealed structural planes of different filling thicknesses

Structural planes are the primary variables determining the stability of rock masses. Numerous non-penetrating structural planes exist in nature and are concealed inside the slopes or underground rock formations. The concealed structural planes (CSP) pose a possible hazard to the construction safety of rock mass engineering, particularly for the rock mass subjected to dynamic load. Using rock-like materials, intact specimens and specimens with CSP of varying filling thicknesses are constructed in order to examine the dynamic mechanical response and fracture mechanism of rock masses with CSP. Single impact experiments and cyclic impact experiments are carried out at various speeds using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar experimental system (SHPB). The results demonstrate that the specimens' peak stress is negatively correlated with the filling thickness, and that as the reflection coefficient increases and the transmission coefficient decreases, the filling thickness increases. Also, the energy dissipation rate of the specimens is positively correlated with the increase in thickness of filling at impact velocities of 3.7 m/s and 4.5 m/s, with the rate showing an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend at impact velocities of 5.5 m/s and 6.5 m/s. The main surface and internal cracks of specimens can be categorized into seven types, which are combined into three failure modes. As the filling thickness increases, the failure mode changes from transverse tensile failure to combined tensile and shear failure to bi-directional tensile failure under combined transverse and axial tensile action. The crack propagation behavior and the fracture mechanism from the interior to the exterior of the CSP specimens are investigated using the impact test results, finite element model, and mechanical theory analysis, which can be used as a reference to reveal the destabilization process of the rock mass with CSP.

Low-velocity out-of-plane impact tests on double-wythe unreinforced brick masonry walls instrumented with optical measurements

Unreinforced brick masonry makes up today a significant piece of the European built environment, including not only residential buildings but also strategically important structures that are not designed to withstand blasts and impacts. Yet, it is difficult to accurately estimate the response of these structures and the extent of damage they sustain during such extreme loading conditions. This paper presents the implementation and discusses the results of laboratory impact tests conducted on natural-scale double-wythe unreinforced brick masonry walls, a typology that is frequently found in Northern Europe. The walls were spanning vertically between two reinforced concrete slabs and were subjected to low-velocity drop-weight pendulum tests in which they were repeatedly hit until the opening of a breach in the centre of the wall. The tests were instrumented with both hard-wired and optical measurements, the latter consisting of high-speed cameras and digital image correlation techniques, to face the difficulty of observing cracks and determining the deflections of the walls with adequate accuracy at the time of the impact. Investigated in these tests were the out-of-plane response of the walls and their capacity to resist the impacts. The axial load applied on the top of the walls was varied for two wall configurations and monitored throughout the tests to study the effect of arching on the failure mechanism produced and number of repeated hits needed to open the breach. Of interest was also the evidence of cracking, more specifically the way it initiated on the undamaged walls and next propagated upon consecutive hits. The data generated from these tests are made available to support further investigations on masonry structures subjected to extreme actions.

Single and double-layered kirigami corrugated sandwich panels against impact loads

The influences of geometric configurations on the impact resistance performances for single and double-layered kirigami corrugated (KC) sandwich panels are investigated in this study. By folding a portion of the cell wall of a conventional corrugated unit, a kirigami corrugate unit is formed with significantly improved resistance, which is then used to form single and double-layered sandwich panels. The numerical model is first constructed and validated against the pendulum impact test results of the KC panel. To evaluate the effect of the geometric configurations on their impact resistance performance, four factors are considered, including the number and location of the fold-ins of the single-layered KC panel, the stacking and layer orientation of the double-layered KC panels. In total, 38 configurations of the panels are numerically studied, and their impact performances including energy absorption, peak and residual back plate deflection, and impact force–displacement curves are evaluated and compared. Up to 84% reduction in the residual back plate deflection is observed for single-layered KC panel compared to the conventional corrugated panel. Superior impact resistance is demonstrated for single-layered KC panels with more fold-ins, especially near the impacting area. It is also found that the stacking configuration and layer orientation are not directly linked to the impact resistance performance of double-layered KC panels. However, enhanced impact resistance could be achieved by arranging the stacking and orientation of the two core layers to provide better supports to the top cores. This work provides general design guidelines for the proposed single and double-layered KC panels.

The effects of filler metal and butter layer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of API 5L X65/AISI 304L joint

The effects of different filler metals on the microstructure and mechanical properties of buttered API X65/AISI 304L stainless steel dissimilar joint have been investigated. The use of a butter layer and a suitable filler metal have major implications for the properties of dissimilar joints. In this study, API X65 high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel was first buttered with an austenitic Ni-based ERNiCr3 layer, followed by a post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 650 °C. ER308L (W308), ER309L (W309), and ERNiCr3 (WNiCr3) filler metals were then used to join the buttered API X65 side to AISI 304L stainless steel. All joints were first evaluated by radiographic testing to make sure that a flawless weldment has been attained. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), an optical microscope (OM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study microstructures of joints. Standard-sized and sub-sized tensile and impact tests were carried out. Microhardness profilometry was also conducted across the joint. Results showed that the finest grain structure was attained in the heat affected zone (HAZ) at the AISI 304L side and the lowest δ ferrite content was achieved in samples with the filler metal ERNiCr3 (WNiCr3). It appears that the heat input, generated by WNiCr3 filler metal, is comparatively lower than those generated in W308 and W309 samples. WNiCr3 weldment showed the highest hardness due to the formation of fine carbide particles such as NbC and TiC. Results of sub-sized impact tests showed that the highest impact energy was attained in the HAZ of the WNiCr3 sample.