Results Of Field Experiments Research Articles

The field experiments results on remote determination of soil moisture portraits

The introduction of precision farming technologies into the practice of agricultural production is an urgent task, the solution of which would ensure the sustainable development of crop production, cost reduction and saving of water and other resources. The purpose of the work is to obtain and demonstrate the results of field experiments on remote determination of soil moisture portraits, temperature maps of the soil surface and relief maps conducted in the fields of the vegetable complex of CJSC «Gorodishche» in the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region using a complex of a new bipolarization microwave radiometer and a precision navigation receiver placed on a tractor. Field experiments on remote determination of portraits of soil moisture and surface temperature were carried out, as well as the microrelief parameter was determined and the features of the mutual correlation characteristics of various thematic maps were studied. Maps of portraits of humidity and temperature and surface topography of the soil were obtained. The electromagnetic compatibility of the microwave radiometer with «John Deere» tractor systems has been verified. Data have been prepared for entering into the database of radiometric measurements of soils. The work carried out will make it possible to clarify some parameters of the microwave radiometric system and its compatibility with the navigation receiver, radio modem and carrier systems. The analysis of the data obtained will make it possible to develop recommendations for optimizing technological processes and reclamation measures. The accumulation of a database of radiometric measurements will allow the further use of artificial intelligence technologies to refine the brightness-humidity conversion algorithms and the introduction of the developed equipment and algorithms into the technological processes of growing crops ensures the sustainable development of crop production technologies, increasing yields and obtaining additional profit by the agro-industrial complex.

A Scheme for Credibility of Surface Currents Derived From High Frequency Radars

Large amount of real-time ocean currents measured by HF radar have been included into the ocean observation database in many countries and regions, in support of applications for various marine activities such as marine research, Oil spill detection, tsunami warning, search and rescue. However, due to the performance of inversion algorithms and radar antennas, and other reasons, there are differences in the credibility of ocean current results at different times and locations, which brings on difficulties to applications of ocean currents. This letter proposes a method for developing a credibility model of ocean current results, mainly for all-digital multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) HF radar. By comparing the model with field experimental results, it is confirmed that the method is feasible. It will be very beneficial for radar users to select and use ocean current results, greatly reducing the work of verification of newly installed radars, and will be an innovation in the application technology of over-the-horizon marine radars.

CHANGE OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN IRRIGATED LIGHT COLOR GRAY SOILS DEPENDING ON THE RATE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The article presents the results of field experiments conducted to study the effect of mineral fertilizers of different standards on the photosynthetic productivity and pure photosynthesis productivity of winter wheat variety "Asr" in the conditions of irrigated light gray soils of Navoi region. It was found that the photosynthesis productivity was determined by the accounting balance of mineral fertilizers and the methods of soil plant diagnostics, and the options used in combination with pesticides with biologically active organic and mineral fertilizer Rokogumin were the highest.

Комплексное использование удобрений в технологии льна масличного в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья

The article presents the results of studies on the use of doses of mineral fertilizers in the agrocenoses of oilseed flax varieties Lirina and Uralsky. The experiments were conducted in the conditions of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic soils in 2022-2023. According to the results of field experiments, it was revealed that with the additional use of ammonium nitrate and CAS-32 in doses of N30, the yield index increased by 49.0-65.0% and 49.5-52.1%, respectively, relative to the control. The maximum yield of flax was obtained in a pilot version using doses of fertilizers N60P60K60 (complex fertilizers) + N30 (ammonium nitrate) + N30 (CAS-32), and amounted to 16.4-16.7 c/ha. Keywords: OILSEED FLAX, MOSCOW REGION, SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL, MINERAL NUTRITION, FERTILIZER DOSES, YIELD, OIL CONTENT

Metal nanoparticles to improve the heat resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

This study evaluated the efficacy of phytogenic silver and zinc nanoparticles in improving heat resilience in various wheat varieties. The silver and zinc nanoparticles were synthesized using plant leaf extract and characterized using various techniques. Four wheat varieties (DBW187, Black Wheat, DBW 50, and PBW 621) were subjected to field trials. The random block design was used, and nanoparticles in different concentrations were applied at various growth stages and morphologically, and yield parameters were recorded. UV–vis spectroscopy spectral analysis showed peaks for Ag nanoparticles at 420 nm wavelength and Zn nanoparticles at 240 and 350 nm wavelength, depicting the preliminary confirmation of nanoparticle synthesis. Electron microscopic analysis (TEM and SEM) provided morphological insights and confirmed synthesis of fine-sized particle mostly in a range between 10 and 60 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirmed the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles, with Ag and Zn elements detected in their respective samples. It also confirmed the oxide nature of synthesized ZnNPs. Dynamic light scattering analysis provided size distribution profiles, indicating average sizes of approximately 61.8 nm for Ag nanoparticles and 46.5 nm for Zn nanoparticles. The concentrations of Ag and Zn nanoparticles in the samples were found to be 196.3 ppm and 115.14 ppm, respectively, through atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic functional groups present in the nanoparticles. The results of field experiments established that Ag nanoparticles at 75 ppm concentration exhibited the most significant enhancements in plant growth. Conversely, Zn nanoparticles at a 100 ppm concentration demonstrated the most substantial improvements in the growth and yield of heat-stressed wheat varieties. The study concludes that optimized concentrations of silver and zinc nanoparticles can effectively improve heat stress resilience in wheat. These findings are promising to enhance abiotic stress resilience in crops.

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Research on Electric Thermal Coupling of Current Bearing

With the advancement of industries such as high-speed railways, new energy vehicles, and wind power, bearings are frequently exposed to various electric field environments, leading to the need for lubricating oil films of bearings to withstand voltage. One of the major issues caused by the breakdown discharge process of the lubricating oil film in bearings is the generation of local instantaneous high temperatures. This temperature rise is a key factor contributing to problems such as high operating temperature of bearings, surface damage in the contact area, and degradation of lubrication performance. This research article focuses on the comprehensive influence of bearing friction and electrical factors. It establishes a heat source calculation model and a temperature field simulation model specifically for current-carrying bearings. This study analyzes both the overall temperature rise of bearings and the local temperature rise resulting from breakdown discharge. Furthermore, the accuracy of the simulation analysis is verified through experiments. The temperature field simulation and experimental results consistently indicate that electrical environmental factors can cause an increase in the overall temperature rise of a bearing. Additionally, the breakdown and discharge of the lubricating oil film generate local instantaneous high temperatures in the contact area of the bearing.

Magnetic target nonlinear positioning method based on planar regular octagon tensor system

The magnetic target location technology based on the principle of magnetic gradient tensor has broad engineering application prospects. However, commonly used target positioning methods are easily interfered with by the geomagnetic environment. We proposed a magnetic target nonlinear positioning method to achieve precise localization of magnetic objects. An ellipsoid fitting method based on the total least square algorithm is proposed to correct the measurement system’s magnetic interference and array error. The results show that the algorithm can reduce the root mean square error of the total magnetic field strength by 93.05% to 0.1007 uT. The tensor components are all limited to 100 nT m−1. Then, a target positioning function is constructed with the magnetic moment information introduced as a constraint term, and the location of the magnetic target is optimally calculated using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The field experimental results indicate when the magnetic targets are located at (5,0,0) and (10,−5,0), the positioning errors are 5.11% and 6.62%. This technology can also achieve high-precision path tracking of magnetic targets.

Integrated field application of T. viride, botanicals, and fungicides for managing early blight (Alternaria solani) and enhancement of plant growth, tuber nutritional quality, and potato yield

Early blight disease, incited by Alternaria solani, is the most deleterious foliar disease of potato and other solanaceous crops. Herein, to counter the early blight disease, T. viride (Tv), botanicals [neem (N) and garlic (G)], and fungicides [flusilazole (F) and kasugamycin (K)] in different combinations applied through tuber treatment (ST) and foliar spray (FS) were evaluated for disease suppression, germination percent, plant growth promotion, photosynthetic pigments, and yield components as well as the nutritional quality of tubers under field conditions during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons. The results of two-year field experiments revealed that the combination of Tv+ F+ N (ST) + G+K (FS) efficiently suppressed the development of the early blight disease symptoms and recorded 21.63 and 18.37% disease severity (DS) as compared to untreated control, respectively at 30 days post-treatment (dpt). During the 2018–2019 seasons, potato tubers treated with Tv +F significantly increased tuber germination (97.78%), while Tv+ F+ N treated potato tubers exhibited 98.89% tuber germination during the 2019–2020 season. Additionally, the potato plants treated with the combination of Tv+ F+ N (ST) + G+K (FS) and challenge inoculated with A. solani positively increased plant growth promotion activities like shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, number of branches/plant, and induced accumulation of photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll-a, b, and total carotenoids content during both seasons. Furthermore, under A. solani inoculated conditions, treatment with Tv+ F+ N (ST) + G+K (FS) significantly increased all yield attributing traits and other parameters associated with tuber nutritional quality such as starch (1.79-and 1.68-fold, respectively), vitamin-C (1.51-and 1.58-fold, respectively), total nitrogen (1.31-and 1.33-fold, respectively), total phosphorus (1.53-and 1.60-fold, respectively), and total potassium content (1.42-and 1.45-fold, respectively) as compared to untreated control in both seasons. So, it can be concluded that among all the treatments, integrated treatment comprising of tuber treatment with T. viride, flusilazole, and neem extract + one foliar spray of garlic extract and kasugamycin was found very effective in reducing early blight disease, promoting the plant’s growth, and increasing the yield as well as nutritional quality of tubers in the field conditions. The inclusive results indicated that integrated application might be a sustainable and eco-friendly control strategy for potato growers to manage potato early blight and achieve higher yields and nutritional tubers.

An adaptive internal model control approach for unmanned surface vehicle based on bidirectional long short-term memory neural network: Implementation and field testing

This paper investigates a practical adaptive internal model control (IMC) for an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) with unknown time-varying nonlinear model parameters and environmental disturbances. Firstly, an internal model of the USV is presented using the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network. Then, an adaptive neural IMC controller is designed for the trajectory tracking of USV by using the IMC method. The internal model and the controller are updated by an error threshold algorithm. The proposed control scheme comprises of a trajectory guidance module via the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance method and a tracking control module designed by IMC theory. Under the proposed control scheme, the development processes of the vehicle platform and the control algorithms are described, and accurate tracking control can be achieved. Finally, the results of simulation and field experiments are presented and discussed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

The Complex Effect of Different Tillage Systems on the Faba Bean Agroecosystem.

The interactions of the different factors in differently tilled faba bean agroecosystems are still insufficiently studied and evaluated. For these reasons, we studied the results of a long-term field experiment, which was carried out in the Research Station of Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania). The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effect of the deep ploughing (DP), shallow ploughing (SP), deep cultivation, chiseling (DC), shallow cultivation-disking (SC), and no-tillage (NT) systems for the faba bean agroecosystem on the complex interactions of the indices, the relations among the indices, and the strength of the impact; the study employs the integrated evaluation method, which uses the complex evaluation index (CEI). CEI values showed that the NT system had a greater effect on the increase of soil aggregate stability (61%), the decrease of CO2 emissions (12%), and the increase of seed yield (6%) than the DP system. However, the NT system had 36% and 20% higher effect on weed density and biomass increase than DP. CEI values of the DP system were often minimal, i.e., close to 1, which showed the DP system's ineffectiveness.

Headland Identification and Ranging Method for Autonomous Agricultural Machines

Headland boundary identification and ranging are the key supporting technologies for the automatic driving of intelligent agricultural machinery, and they are also the basis for controlling operational behaviors such as autonomous turning and machine lifting. The complex, unstructured environments of farmland headlands render traditional image feature extraction methods less accurate and adaptable. This study utilizes deep learning and binocular vision technologies to develop a headland boundary identification and ranging system built upon the existing automatic guided tractor test platform. A headland image annotation dataset was constructed, and the MobileNetV3 network, notable for its compact model structure, was employed to achieve binary classification recognition of farmland and headland images. An improved MV3-DeeplabV3+ image segmentation network model, leveraging an attention mechanism, was constructed, achieving a high mean intersection over union (MIoU) value of 92.08% and enabling fast and accurate detection of headland boundaries. Following the detection of headland boundaries, binocular stereo vision technology was employed to measure the boundary distances. Field experiment results indicate that the system’s average relative errors of distance in ranging at distances of 25 m, 20 m, and 15 m are 6.72%, 4.80%, and 4.35%, respectively. This system is capable of meeting the real-time detection requirements for headland boundaries.

Management of Fruit and Shoot Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in Brinjal through Sequential Application of Selected Insecticides and Biorationals

Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), commonly known as brinjal shoot and fruit borer is a dreaded pest in India. The bio efficacy of insecticides and biorationals has been test verified in managing fruit and shoot borer through logical sequential schedules. The results of the present field experiment conducted during Summer 2023 in Agricultural and Horticultural research Station (AHRS), Bavikere revealed the most effective insecticidal schedule among the tested sequences. The sequence containing Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/L - Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.4 ml/L - Lufenuron 5 EC @ 1.0 ml/L - Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 2.0 g/L demonstrated remarkable success in reducing the damage caused by L. orbonalis along with economic viability and high cost-benefit ratio.

DeepVision based detection for energy-efficiency and indoor air quality enhancement in highly polluted spaces

Cooking can generate substantial heat from cooking equipment, potentially resulting in reduced thermal comfort levels if this excess heat is not adequately dissipated. Additionally, it can significantly affect indoor air quality (IAQ), not only in kitchen spaces but also in adjacent areas lacking sufficient ventilation. To ensure a healthy and comfortable indoor environment while avoiding unnecessary energy use, this research proposes an approach for detecting equipment usage. Utilizing deep learning and computer vision techniques (referred to as DeepVision), this method aids the operation of demand-driven ventilation systems in highly polluted spaces. A Faster RCNN model was employed and trained to detect kitchen equipment usage in real-time. The ventilation rate for the kitchen space was adjusted based on this real-time detection. Experimental tests were carried out in a case study kitchen and results showed that the detection model achieved an overall F1 score of 0.9142. Overall, the model achieved good performance in real-time detection, accurately identifying appliances in use, such as stoves, ovens, and toasters. Field experimental results showed the advantages of combining mechanical ventilation methods, such as extractor fans and cooker hoods, to mitigate IAQ issues while also achieving energy savings. Moreover, the energy simulations demonstrate its potential to reduce energy consumption by dynamically adjusting ventilation rates in response to real-time equipment usage. When the fan speed was varied according to the real-time detection method, the PM2.5 concentration in the cooking period was 16.5 % lower, with only a 3.7 % rise in fan power and a 0.8 % rise in daily heating demand, compared to using a constant fan speed.

Перспективы применения различных органоминеральных удобрений на яровом ячмене

The results of field experiments on spring barley conducted in 2023 on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to assess the impact of the use of various compositions of organomineral fertilizers based on natural minerals (zeolite, diatomite, perlite), humates and food industry waste (buckwheat husk, beet molasses) developed at the Institute of Agrobiotechnologies and Land Management of Kazan State Agrarian University on the formation of the yield and grain quality of spring barley. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in plant growth and development, yield and protein content in grain when using experimental organomineral fertilizers. The object of the study was spring barley of the Raushan variety. The control was the option without fertilizers; the standard was the application of 100 kg/ha of azofoska. Experimental fertilizers were applied at a rate of 120 kg/ha. All fertilizers in the experiment were applied before sowing. The studies were carried out on gray forest highly cultivated soil. The growing season conditions in 2023 were characterized by periodically severe drought phenomena, which affected the growth and development of spring barley plants. It was found that the application of experimental fertilizers contributed to the growth of the length of roots and above-ground parts of plants, and also reduced the damage to plants by root rot. Diatomite-based fertilizer had the greatest positive effect on reducing root rot damage. The largest increase in yield over the control (by 0.73 t/ha) and standard (by 0.22 t/ha) was obtained when using diatomite-based fertilizer. The use of all organomineral fertilizers (especially those based on zeolite) leads to an increase in the protein content in the grain.

Оценка влияния органоминеральных удобрений на формирование урожая картофеля

The results of field experiments on potatoes conducted in 2023 on the experimental fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of the Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of the use of foliar application of experimental liquid organomineral fertilizers on the formation of the yield and quality of potato tubers. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in the phytosanitary condition, yield and starch content in potato tubers when using a liquid organomineral fertilizer based on humic substances and food industry waste developed at Kazan State Agrarian University. The object of research was the Red Scarlet potato variety. Biosok was used as a standard humic fertilizer. The treatment was carried out in the budding phase - the beginning of flowering with a working fluid consumption of 300 l/ha. The drugs were used individually and as part of a tank mixture. The studies were carried out on gray forest highly cultivated soil. The agroclimatic conditions of the growing season in 2023 were characterized by periodically severe drought phenomena, which negatively affected the growth and development of potato plants. It was established that treatment of potato plantings with experimental organomineral fertilizer contributed to an increase in the number of tubers and their mass formed in one bush. The largest increase (by 3.2 t/ha to the control) in potato yield was obtained when using an experimental fertilizer with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha. When using foliar application of organomineral fertilizer, the infection of tubers of the new crop with dry rot and common scab significantly decreased. Due to the use of experimental fertilizer, there was an increase in the marketability of tubers and an increase in the starch content in them, which is important for industrial potato growing.

Optimized tillage can enhance crop tolerance to extreme weather events: Evidence from field experiments and meta-analysis

The frequency of droughts and floods has increased due to climate change and human activities, leading to adverse impacts on agricultural production. Conventional tillage exacerbates the vulnerability of crops to extreme weather. Optimized tillage practices can maintain crop yield stability by increasing soil water-holding capacity during dry seasons and improving crop lodging resistance during heavy rainfall events. The effects of tillage practice under different rainfall types on the productivity of summer maize were studied by combining a five-year field experiment and a meta-analysis. The study tested four tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT), no-tillage (NT), ridge cultivation with no-tillage (RNT), and winter wheat conventional tillage followed by summer maize no-tillage (NC). Normal rainfall years (2018, 2019 and 2021), a wet year (2020), and a drought year (2022) were experienced during the experiment. Compared to CT, NC significantly increased available soil water storage during the dry season by an average of 19.7 % (P < 0.05). NC and RNT had lower lodging rates during the wet year than CT, and over the five years, NC had a higher average maize yield (9.8 t ha−1) than RNT, while RNT had a higher yield during the wet year (10.7 t ha−1). NC also had significantly higher yield stability than CT. Furthermore, NC and RNT had higher rainwater use efficiencies (RUE) (23.9 and 23.0 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively) than NT and CT (22.9 and 21.6 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively). A meta-analysis showed that the crop yield under combined tillage (COT) was significantly higher than CT and NT by 6.7 % and 7.1 %, respectively, confirming the reliability and universality of the field experiment results. Overall, NC rotation is recommended as the best tillage system for sustainable crop production under semi-arid conditions, while RNT can be used in areas with abundant rainfall and prone to flooding. Our research findings offer evidence-based insights into management strategies that can enhance agricultural ecosystem resilience and production stability under extreme climate conditions.

Experimental and field studies of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and clogging of permeable formations

The article presents the results of field experiments and field tests of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and clogging of permeable formations. Acceleration of well construction time and avoidance of plugging (especially in gas wells) is extremely important nowadays. It is widely acknowledged that rock fractures occur due to the alternating motion of the flushing fluid, and it has significant implications for accelerating drilling processes and maintaining wellbore stability. This can be achieved through the wave motion of the flushing fluid. The experiments were conducted on a specialized installation that simulates downhole conditions, enabling the modeling of downhole processes. We created and tested various designs of wave generators to flush holes of bits with different types and sizes. Experimental evidence suggests that wave technology can aid in bottomhole cleaning and the creation of a colmatation screen. The wave action helps to keep the bottomhole zone and well walls clean, and significantly reduces the penetration of drilling fluid filtrate into the rock. The use of wave technology for bottomhole cleaning and permeable formation ringing shows great potential for oil and gas well construction. The sealing of the borehole space is crucial in the construction of Underground Gas Storage facilities.

Влияние предполивного порога влажности почвы на продуктивность и кормовую ценность сои на мелиорированных землях

The results of vegetation and field experiments on the influence of moisture conditions on the productivity and feed value of Mageva soybeans are presented. It is established that the conditions of moisture availability are an important factor in regulating the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the production process in soybeans. Increasing the pre-irrigation soil moisture from 40 to 60% PPV (maximum field moisture capacity) can significantly increase crop productivity: yield from 4.11 to 7.64 g/vessel, protein harvesting with seed yield from 8.04 to 16.50 g/vessel, essential amino acids from 5.22 to 10.70 g/vessel or 1.81‑2.05 times; fat collection – from 2.34 to 4.37 g/vessel, or 1.68‑1.85 times, collection of feed units from 28.77 to 53.48 g/vessel or 1.69‑1.86 times. In the field experiment, with optimal heat and moisture availability, the yield is 2.71 t/ha, the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation reaches 208 kg/ha, which covers 96% of the nitrogen needs of plants. Excessive and especially insufficient moisture supply significantly reduce productivity indicators: yield – by 1.08‑1.84 times, protein collection by 1.14‑1.62 times, collection of essential amino acids – by 1.13‑1.60 times, lysine – by 1.12‑1.61 times, fat collection – by 1.04‑1.42 times, and unsaturated fatty acids – by 1.03‑1.41, collection of feed units – 1.10‑1.80 times, the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation up to 33‑79% or 1.29‑2.90 times.

Cooperative Scheduling for Directional Wireless Charging With Spatial Occupation

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has been developed rapidly in recent years. The cooperative charging model and corresponding scheduling methods have been proposed to save the charging cost in paid charging service. However, the state-of-the-art methods ignore the spatial occupation issue of rechargeable devices. Moreover, the cooperative charging scheduling in directional wireless charging has not been studied yet. This paper studies the cooperative scheduling for directional wireless charging with spatial occupation. We formulate the Cooperative Charging Scheduling with Spatial occupation (CCSS) problem of Mobile Rechargeable Sensor Devices (MRSDs) for optimizing the total cost of whole charging system. We first investigate the properties of optimal arrangement of MRSDs in charging group and calculate the tight intervals of charging angles of MRSDs. We show that it is sufficient to bound the error by conducting angle discretization for only two MRSDs in each charging group. Then, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\ln n+1)(1+\varepsilon )$</tex-math></inline-formula> -approximation algorithm of the CCSS problem is proposed based on greedy approach, where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of MRSDs, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the discretization error. The results of extensive simulations and field experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can reduce at most 42.5% total cost comparing with the benchmark algorithms.

Positive experience in the application of soil- and carbon-saving agricultural technologies with the introduction of biochar in the conditions of the Russian Far East

Based on the positive results of a long-term field experiment on the introduction of bio-coal for vegetable crops in the Primorsky Territory on soils of heavy chemical composition, its sequestration effect and positive effect on the water-physical properties of soils were proved. After the first year of application of biochar, a significant decrease in CO2 flux in the field without a drainage system was shown by 4.5% at a dose of 1 kg/m2 of biochar and by 36.6% at a dose of 3 kg/m2 of biochar compared with a site without biochar. The decrease in CO2 flux indicates the reclamation effect of biochar due to its high sorption properties affecting the sequestration capacity of the soil. After the second year of application of biochar, the greatest decrease in CO2 flux was observed when 1 kg/m2 was applied. The greatest difference between the values of the CO2 flux at the control site and the sites with the introduction of biochar was noted in September after the abnormal amount of precipitation recorded in August (521 mm). So, at the control site in September, the CO2 flux was 2,276 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 1 kg/m2 of biochar, the CO2 flux was 560 mg CO2 m-2 h-1, at the site with the addition of 3 kg/m2 – 975 mg CO2 m-2 h-1.