Влияние предполивного порога влажности почвы на продуктивность и кормовую ценность сои на мелиорированных землях

Abstract

The results of vegetation and field experiments on the influence of moisture conditions on the productivity and feed value of Mageva soybeans are presented. It is established that the conditions of moisture availability are an important factor in regulating the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the production process in soybeans. Increasing the pre-irrigation soil moisture from 40 to 60% PPV (maximum field moisture capacity) can significantly increase crop productivity: yield from 4.11 to 7.64 g/vessel, protein harvesting with seed yield from 8.04 to 16.50 g/vessel, essential amino acids from 5.22 to 10.70 g/vessel or 1.81‑2.05 times; fat collection – from 2.34 to 4.37 g/vessel, or 1.68‑1.85 times, collection of feed units from 28.77 to 53.48 g/vessel or 1.69‑1.86 times. In the field experiment, with optimal heat and moisture availability, the yield is 2.71 t/ha, the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation reaches 208 kg/ha, which covers 96% of the nitrogen needs of plants. Excessive and especially insufficient moisture supply significantly reduce productivity indicators: yield – by 1.08‑1.84 times, protein collection by 1.14‑1.62 times, collection of essential amino acids – by 1.13‑1.60 times, lysine – by 1.12‑1.61 times, fat collection – by 1.04‑1.42 times, and unsaturated fatty acids – by 1.03‑1.41, collection of feed units – 1.10‑1.80 times, the level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation up to 33‑79% or 1.29‑2.90 times.