Qualitative Test Results Research Articles

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government external quality assessment of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification tests for clinics in 2023

An external quality assessment (EQA) on nucleic acid amplification tests for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted among clinics that introduced testing instrument through the Tokyo Subsidy Program for Facilities and Equipment for Testing in COVID-19 in 2023. The survey samples consisted of sample 1 (20,000 copies/mL), sample 2 (10,000 copies/mL), and negative sample. Results were obtained through Cycle threshold (Ct) values as well as positive-negative result determinations. On-site technical support was provided to the clinics that responded incorrectly. A total of 544 clinics (589 instruments) participated, and Abbott's ID NOW TM (82.2%) was the most widely used in this survey. The qualitative test results showed high correctness rates, 95.2% for sample 1, 93.2% for sample 2, and 96.3% for negative sample. Differences in Ct values were observed among reagents and instruments. Technical support were provided to 63 clinics. It revealed that discrepancies of qualitative test were mainly due to deviations from the protocol instructions, mixing all three survey samples into one vial and errors caused by foaming. This survey was unique in that the participants were mostly end-users who were not laboratory testing specialists and mainly used point-of-care testing instruments. It is important to continue EQA to improve and maintain testing accuracy.

Principle Accounting Refreshment Training for Accountants in PT Anugrah Argon Medica with GOAD Model

This community service program aims to offer a fundamental accounting refresher to accountants at a prominent distribution company in Indonesia (PT Anugrah Argon Medica) with GOAD model. This practice aims to reinforce their comprehensive understanding of journal logic and its influence on financial accounts and their interpretation. Every accountant must possess a comprehensive understanding of fundamental accounting principles to accurately prepare journals and comprehend the effect of each journal entry on the components of the financial statements, especially in distribution companies. This community service initiative is aimed at all accounting personnel in PT Anugrah Argon Medica. This community service project occurred over seven days, specifically from August 15 to August 28, 2024, at the company's headquarters. Community service activities commenced with an introduction to normal balances, the creation of general journals, the adjustment of journals, and the preparation of financial statements. Quantitative and qualitative test results indicated an enhancement in employees' fundamental accounting skills following the training session.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GREEN SEAWEED (Ulva reticulate) ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUND EXTRACT ON THE BACTERIA Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Green seaweed (Ulva reticulata) is found in many parts of Indonesia. The potential of green seaweed is not widely known to the public, even though it is considered a parasite on other types of seaweed. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial compounds contained in green seaweed and their effectiveness against Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria. Green seaweed was extracted by maceration method and then qualitative and quantitative tests were carried out. After that, the minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out and continued with the minimum bactericidal concentration test and the inhibition test with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The data from the qualitative and quantitative test of seaweed, the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal were analyzed descriptively, while the data from the inhibition zone test was analyzed statistically by ANOVA. The results of qualitative and quantitative tests showed that green seaweed contained flavonoids (6.4909 mg/g), tannins (70.7500 mg/g) and saponins (443.7286 mg/g). The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration test showed that the concentration of 3.125% was the minimum concentration to inhibit bacterial growth. In the inhibition test, it can be seen that P4 (6%) is the best treatment. The results of statistical analysis show that the treatments given are significantly different, except that P4 (6%) and P5 (7,5%) are not significantly different. From this study it can be concluded that green seaweed extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria.

Effect of Oven Drying Temperature on The Tanin Content of Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa Auct. non (L.) Pers) Leaves

A study was conducted on the effect of oven drying temperature on tannin content of bungur leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa Auct. non (L.) Pers). Bungur leaves were picked, dry sorted, washed, wet sorted, and drained then oven dried at 30oC, 60(o)C, 90oC respectively. After drying, the samples were then measured for moisture content and then made into bungur leaf powder. Bungur leaf powder was then extracted by modified maceration using aquadem solvent. The extract obtained was tested qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative test results showed the presence of tannins. Quantitative tests using permanganometry, obtained tannin levels at drying temperatures of 30oC, 60oC, and 90oC were 7.27% ± 0.1429, 15.26% ± 1.0610, and 9.92% ± 0.7156, respectively. The highest tannin content was obtained at 60oC drying temperature.

Mercury Reduction using Isolates of Indigenous Fungi with Qualitative and Quantitative Methods

Abstract Illegal gold extraction in Indonesia, particularly in Kedungbanteng, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, causes mercury pollution in rivers and poses risks to health and ecosystems. Bioremediation, using fungi, can help cleaning up mercury pollution. This is achieved through utilizing these fungi in ways that align with emerging technologies. The study used fungi isolated from gold mining sludge waste in Kedungbanteng, Banyumas Regency that have the potential to reduce mercury (Hg). Its followed by assesing the effectiveness of fungal isolates to reduce mercury (Hg) both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study found that certain indigenous fungi from the gold mine waste in Kedungbanteng, Banyumas, have the potential to reduce mercury levels. These fungi belong to the Aspergillus (isolate A2), Penicillium (isolates A1, A4, and A5), and Basidiomycota phylum (isolate A3). Isolates A3, A4, and A5 were the three most adaptable fungi in media containing high levels of Hg. Qualitative test results show isolates A3, A4, A5 formed a yellow and white precipitate. Each of them can reduce mercury levels by 46%; 32%; 48%, respectively. Isolate A3 showed the highest average reduction in mercury levels in both fungal biomass and surrounding media. The finding in this study is that there is a relationship between the results of the qualitative test and the quantitative test. The correspondence between the two types of tests shows that the qualitative test has a significant representation of the quantitative measurement of Hg values in the tested media. Penicillium sp. isolates A5 has the potential to be used as an eco-friendly bioremediation agent as the best solution to pollution. issues.

Determination Of Total Flavonoid Content In Bangle Plant (Zingiber Montanum)Extraction Results

The bangle plant (Zingiber montanum) is a plant that has been used traditionally as a medicinal ingredient, both for prevention and treatment by the community. Parts of the bangle plant contain active compounds that act as antioxidants, one of which is flavonoids. This research aims to determine the total flavonoid content in bangle plants from the extraction results measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The method for separating flavonoid levels used is maceration. The research results showed that positive test results were obtained for flavonoid compounds in bangle rhizomes as evidenced by qualitative test results which produced a red color in the sample extract and the average total flavonoid content in bangle rhizomes from the extraction results measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer was 23. 1mg/100g.

Bioinformatics comparison of hemolysin in different bacteria and experimental evaluation of anti-cancer properties of extracts of some hemolysin-producing bacteria

Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world. Resistance to anticancer treatments in patients with advanced solid tumors leads to new treatments. Therefore, more alternative anticancer methods have been found over time with greater specificity against tumor cells and with less or no adverse effects on normal cells. Bacterial spores of obligate anaerobes exclusively germinate in the hypoxic/necrotic areas and not in the well oxygenated areas of the body. This unique phenomenon has been exploited in using bacterial spores as a remedy for cancer. Bacterial toxins also play a significant role in either directly killing tumor cells or altering the cellular processes of the tumor cells which ultimately leads to the inhibition and regression of the solid tumor. In the microbial environment, pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, or Streptococcus pyogenes produce hemolysin. This protein is used as an anti-cancer protein. To identify the production of hemolysin by bacteria, which can destroy cancer cells more effectively, different bacterial strains were first cultured in blood agar culture medium. The Strains that completely lysed red blood cells, creating transparent zones, were selected for further investigation. Then, to find out which strains have more ability to lyse red blood cells, the qualitative method of halo diameter measurement was used. Also, using quantitative methods, hemolysin strength in microtubes was determined compared to control samples. The results of the hemolysis in the microtube and the qualitative test results showed similar results. In the next step, the cell viability test was performed with the partially purified proteins. Then, bioinformatics studies such as secondary structure investigation, physicochemical properties, pseudo amino acid composition, and molecular docking were performed. The results of molecular docking showed that the hemolysin protein has the highest affinity for the cholesterol of the cytoplasmic membrane, respectively, of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which play a significant role in either directly killing tumor cells or altering the cellular processes of the tumor cells which ultimately leads to the inhibition and regression of the solid tumor.

Study of Water Content Reduction Using Condensation Method In The Framework of Increasing Production Pure Honey

The high water content in honey will trigger yeast activity to grow and develop. At ambient temperature, air humidity increases, so honey will absorb water more easily. High water content will cause the fermentation process to occur. Efforts to reduce the water content in honey are one way to prevent the fermentation process from occurring. Several water content reduction methods commonly used in Indonesia are considered to still need to be updated as innovations. The aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of the honey water content reduction time in the production process, compare the results of the water content reduction process using the dehumification method with the condensation process method and examine the parameters of temperature, time, water content, humidity and honey quality. Research was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative test results show that the color, aroma and taste of samples using the dehumification and condensation methods have the characteristics of honey. Meanwhile, quantitative testing shows that using the condensation method has a better level of productivity and quality than using the dehumification method, this can be seen from the parameters of temperature, water content, humidity, diestase enzyme and hydroxymethylfurfural analysis. Condensation methods produce honey that meets Indonesian national standards 2018. Therefore, this honey water content reduction tool that uses the condensation method is effective in reducing the water content of honey and maintaining its quality.

Quality Evaluation and Flavonoid Content of Honey from Riau Forest, Indonesia

Honey is a naturally sweet liquid produced by bees from flower nectar, which varies in quality and flavonoid content due to the food source, environment and the bees that produce it. This study aims to evaluate the quality and flavonoid content of honey from the Riau Forest of Indonesia. Quality testing was conducted in accordance with SNI 8664:2018 with sensory, physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. Flavonoid testing was carried out qualitatively using HPLC. The test results showed that the sensory profile of honey was in accordance with the standard, sweet taste, distinctive aroma, brown colour and thick shape. Chemical parameters obtained values of moisture content of 21.92%, diastase enzyme 3.13 DN and HMF 4.14 mg/kg have met the requirements. However, the reducing sugar of 54.1% is still below the requirement. Heavy metal parameters (Pb, Cd, As and Hg) were not detected and microbiological ALT 3.0 x 10 and yeast mould <10 colonies/gr that have met. Furthermore, the results of flavonoid qualitative tests detected several types including Luteolin, Mangiferin, Smiglanin, maltol, isoflavones, quercetin, Cnidimol C, Norcimifungin, Apigenin, Methyl ophiopogonanone B, Pectolinarigenin, Kusenol C, 3,5,6-trihydroxy-4',7-dimetoxyflavone and Lupinifoline. The conclusion of this study shows that honey from Riau forests fulfils most of the quality requirements and has a diverse flavonoid content.

A SARS-CoV-2 minimum data standard to support national serology reporting.

Healthcare laboratory systems produce and capture a vast array of information, yet do not always report all of this to the national infrastructure within the United Kingdom. The global COVID-19 pandemic brought about a much greater need for detailed healthcare data, one such instance being laboratory testing data. The reporting of qualitative laboratory test results (e.g. positive, negative or indeterminate) provides a basic understanding of levels of seropositivity. However, to better understand and interpret seropositivity, how it is determined and other factors that affect its calculation (i.e. levels of antibodies), quantitative laboratory test data are needed. 36 data attributes were collected from 3 NHS laboratories and 29 CO-CONNECT project partner organisations. These were assessed against the need for a minimum dataset to determine data attribute importance. An NHS laboratory feasibility study was undertaken to assess the minimum data standard, together with a literature review of national and international data standards and healthcare reports. A COVID serology minimum data standard (CSMDS) comprising 12 data attributes was created and verified by 3 NHS laboratories to allow national granular reporting of COVID serology results. To support this, a standardised set of vocabulary terms was developed to represent laboratory analyser systems and laboratory information management systems. This paper puts forward a minimum viable standard for COVID-19 serology data attributes to enhance its granularity and augment the national reporting of COVID-19 serology laboratory results, with implications for future pandemics.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Pontianak City by Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)

In Indonesia, eggplant is a favored vegetable with substantial production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the level of safety of eggplants marketed in traditional wholesale markets in Pontianak City against possible contamination of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), which are commonly discovered in water waste, vehicle exhaust, and excessive pesticide and fertilizer use. Alizarin Red S for Cd metal and Dithizon for Pb metal were used in qualitative assays. Cd and Pb levels were measures using an Atomic Absorption Spechtrophotometer (AAS) instrument. The analytical method has been verified for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The qualitative test results showed that all samples had positive results for Cd and Pb. The quantitative test results revealed that the Cd and Pb metal contents in the FB (Flamboyan) sample were 0.056 mg/kg and 3.5066 mg/kg, consequently, while they were 0.0986 mg/kg and 3.957 mg/kg, consequently, in the PR (Puring) sample. In keeping with BPOM standard No. 5 of 2018, Cd metal levels in FB samples are at a safe threshold, while Cd metal levels in PR samples and Pb metal levels in FB and PR samples exceed the maximum thresholds that have been set.

Lower extremity movement quality in professional team sport athletes: Inter-rater agreement and relationships with quantitative results from the corresponding pattern

BackgroundAdequate movement control and quality can be prerequisite functions for performance of the lower extremity. The purposes of our work were 1) to explore the agreement of an efficient test battery assessing qualitative movement execution and 2) to determine its consistency with quantitative performance tests from the corresponding movement pattern.MethodsThe participants were professional male association football players competing in the first German Bundesliga. They performed four movement quality tests (Single-limb balance squat, Balance forward hop, Balance side hop, Balance 90° rotation hop) and the corresponding performance tests (Y-balance test, Forward hop for distance, Side hop test, Square hop test). Qualitative tests were judged by two experienced raters; the ratings were compared to determine inter-rater agreement using Kappa statistics. The relationship with the quantitative tests was determined using Spearman’s rank correlations.ResultsThirty participants (19 to 33 years old) were included in this study. We found an at least substantial level of agreement (Cohen’s Kappa, 0.64-0.84) with an excellent percentage of exact (83-93%) agreement between the two raters for the movement quality tests. Our findings revealed that the quantitative test results are only slightly related to the movement quality outcomes (ρ(27) <|0.3| and P > 0.2).ConclusionsConsequently, the qualitative test results provide unique information and complement corresponding quantitative performance tests in professional football athletes. Their observational judgement of foot position, lower limb alignment and upper body control in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes is agreeable.

Antibacterial Potency of Sea Star Linckia laevigata Extract Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

The sea star (Asteroidea) is reported to have the potency to be a source of antimicrobial agent. An exploration study was conducted to reveal the potency of antibacterial bioactive of sea star from Maluku waters. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of the Linckia laevigata extract and their antimicrobial activity. The results of qualitative phytochemical test showed that the L. laevigata extract contains flavonoid and saponin. The antimicrobial activity of the L. laevigata extract was demonstrated by an inhibition zone diameter of 29.5 mm against Enterobacter aeuregens and 22.1 mm against Clostridium botulinum. The L. laevigata extract has been proven to have antibacterial activityagainst food pathogenic bacteria.

The estimation of acute oral toxicity (LD50) of G-series organophosphorus-based chemical warfare agents using quantitative and qualitative toxicology in silico methods.

The idea of this study was the estimation of the theoretical acute toxicity (t-LD50, rat, oral dose) of organophosphorus-based chemical warfare agents from the G-series (n = 12) using different in silico methods. Initially identified in Germany, the G-type nerve agents include potent compounds such as tabun, sarin, and soman. Despite their historical significance, there is a noticeable gap in acute toxicity data for these agents. This study employs qualitative (STopTox and AdmetSAR) and quantitative (TEST; CATMoS; ProTox-II and QSAR Toolbox) in silico methods to predict LD50 values, offering an ethical alternative to animal testing. Additionally, we conducted quantitative extrapolation from animals, and the results of qualitative tests confirmed the acute toxicity potential of these substances and enabled the identification of toxicophoric groups. According to our estimations, the most lethal agents within this category were GV, soman (GD), sarin (GB), thiosarin (GBS), and chlorosarin (GC), with t-LD50 values (oral administration, extrapolated from rat to human) of 0.05mg/kg bw, 0.08mg/kg bw, 0.12mg/kg bw, 0.15mg/kg bw, and 0.17mg/kg bw, respectively. On the contrary, compounds with a cycloalkane attached to the phospho-oxygen linkage, specifically methyl cyclosarin and cyclosarin, were found to be the least toxic, with values of 2.28mg/kg bw and 3.03mg/kg bw. The findings aim to fill the knowledge gap regarding the acute toxicity of these agents, highlighting the need for modern toxicological methods that align with ethical considerations, next-generation risk assessment (NGRA) and the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) principles.

Utilization of Suji Leaves Extract (Pleomele Angustifolia N.E Brown) in Inhibiting Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation on Rats

Suji leaf (Pleomele angustifolia N.E. Brown) has long been used as an ingredient for traditional medicines. This study seeks to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of suji leaf extract in terms of its ability to reduce oedema in the hind paws of rats. Six groups were treated: negative control, positive control given diclofenac sodium as anti-inflammatory medication, two groups of suji leaf extract powder (SEP) with doses of 300 and 800 mg/kg, acetone extract of suji leaf (AES), and a group of acetone extract of SEP (EA-SEP) at a dose of 500 mg/kg with oral administration. Injections of 1% carrageenan suspension into the right hind paw of rats induced inflammation. The results demonstrated that SEP administered at a dose of 800 mg/kg has an inflammatory capacity (80.56%), AES (56.94%), and AE-SEP (75.7%). Chlorophyll, total phenol, and antioxidant capacity in SEP (9.0809 mg /g sample; 3.7354 mg GAE/g sample; 3.04 mg AAE/g sample), AES (4.6471 mg /g sample; 0.9994 mg GAE/g sample; 3.26 mg AAE/g sample), and AE-SEP (6.4912 mg /g sample; 2.1703 mg GAE/g sample; 2.55 mg AAE/g sample). According to qualitative test results, Suji extract contains bioactive compounds of the flavonoid group, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. It is believed that phenolic compounds function as anti-inflammatory agents.

Impact of renal dysfunction on the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis using urinary trypsinogen-2: A retrospective study.

Early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is crucial, and urinary trypsinogen has been recently reported as a useful biomarker for diagnosing acute pancreatitis. We aimed to evaluate the impact of renal dysfunction on the diagnostic performance of urinary trypsinogen-2 for acute pancreatitis. We conducted a retrospective study using the clinical data of patients who visited the Department of Emergency and Critical Care at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 1 October, 2021, and 30 June, 2022. Patients with available data on qualitative urinary trypsinogen-2 levels were identified. We compared the urinary trypsinogen-2 levels among patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. We further stratified the patients according to renal function parameters, such as serum creatinine level, blood urea nitrogen level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and evaluated the performance of urinary trypsinogen-2 as a biomarker for acute pancreatitis. Within 9 months, 35 patients were identified. Of them, 22 patients showed positive results and 13 showed negative results on the urinary trypsinogen-2 test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.80, 0.40, 0.18, and 0.92, respectively. Based on the blood urea nitrogen level and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the prevalence of false-positive results was significantly higher in patients with reduced renal function than in those with normal renal function. In patients with reduced renal function, the urinary trypsinogen-2 qualitative test results might be interpreted with caution when used for diagnosing acute pancreatitis.

Gambaran Residu Paparan Formalin pada Sampel Plasma Darah Karyawan Instalasi Hemodialisis Rumah Sakit

Hemodialysis is one of the installations in the hospital that handles blood washing therapy, by removing excess waste or harmful compounds, through a semi-permeable membrane which is carried out to replace kidney function that is no longer functioning properly. Hemodialysis is given to patients with a diagnosis of acute renal failure, terminal renal failure and patients who have severe poisoning with certain drugs. The research design was carried out descriptively. The aim of this research was to determine whether there was formalin exposure to hemodialysis workers or nurses when reusing or cleaning hemodialysis equipment, using a qualitative test. In this research, the results were obtained from 15 blood plasma samples, namely 6 positive formalin blood samples, with Schiff, Tollens, KMnO4 and Fehling reagents. It is known from the table of analysis results of qualitative test of formalin exposure on hemodialysis workers in one of the East Java Hospitals. For further research, it is hoped that quantitative tests will be carried out in determining the level of formalin in the blood using the instrument.

An Implementation of a Single Board Computer as a Home Vital Sign Monitoring System Using a Raspberry-Pi

Health monitoring and related technologies are a growing area of research. The embedded technology enables designing and manufacturing a single board computer (SBC) based vital signs monitoring system prototype. This study aims to develop and test an equipped with a monitor of vital signs, including electrocardiogram, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and body temperature. The results showed that the prototype could work well, all parameters could be displayed on the 7" TFT touch screen, and the operation used Bahasa instructions. Qualitative test results show all the parts and the function is working correctly. Quantitative heart rate test results show an accuracy of 95% with a range of 30-200 bpm and 93% for the temperature parameter.

Analysis of Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) using ABTS (2,2-azinobis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) Method

Black turmeric (Curcuma caesia) has a higher concentration of phytochemical compounds compared to other turmeric species. This means it's an incredibly potent natural antioxidant. Experts believe that black turmeric could have some amazing health benefits, such as protecting against oxidative stress and reducing inflammation. Black turmeric was extracted using the maceration method with a methanol solvent. After extracting black turmeric using the maceration method and methanol solvent, the resulting extracts were tested qualitatively for flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. Then proceed with the quantitative test to determine the total levels of flavonoids and test the antioxidant activity using the ABTS method. The results of this study obtained a yield of 13.26%, positive qualitative test results for flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, and total flavonoid levels of 10.326 ± 0.074 mgEQ/g extract with an IC50 of 88.581 ± 3.376 ppm. Based on the results of the antioxidant activity, black turmeric methanol extract has strong antioxidant activity.&#x0D;

Phytochemical analysis of secondary metabolite compounds of Pandanwangi leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius)

The majority of people use pandan as a dye, food fragrance, and natural medicine because it contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, and phenolics. Therefore, this research aims to explore the secondary metabolites of Pandanus amaryllifolius using qualitative and quantitative methods. The research begins by taking samples of pandan leaves, which are then extracted and tested qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative test results showed that pandan leaf extract contained flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. In the quantitative test of pandan leaf phenolic compounds using a UV-Vis spectrometer with gallic acid concentrations of 80 ppm, 100 ppm, 120 ppm, and 140 ppm, Based on the quantitative test, the total phenolic content of pandan extract is 114 mg/L.