Results Of My Work Research Articles

Intentionality and Addressness of Performative Verbs in Russian Charm Texts

The performativity of charm texts as sacred ritual texts is well studied in folk studies, ethnography and linguistics. The core of performative texts is performative verbs. However, there is no clear boundary between performative verbs and other verbs in performative use. There are performative verbs (‘I beg,’ ‘I conjure,’ ‘I swear,’ ‘I curse’) and non-performative verbs (‘I tie,’ ‘I cut,’ ‘I drive out,’ I clear’) in сharms. In this article, I distinguish between them using two concepts of Speech Act theory: Intentionality and Addressness. A result of my work is the classification of Russian ‘charm verbs’. The material is Russian charms in compilations from 1860s till 2000s.

Before, During, After: Difficulties and Controversies in Fieldwork with Retired Officers from the Argentine Army

Between 2004 and 2007, I conducted fieldwork to analyze the memories and commemorative practices of retired officers of the Argentine Army, who were on active duty during the state terrorism executed by the armed forces during the military dictatorship (1976-1983) in Argentina. I conducted a series of open and semi-structured interviews with officers who participated in Operation Independence (Operativo Independencia) in Tucumán Province and made observations during public events in military churches and military clubs that paid tribute to officers who were assassinated by nonstate armed organizations during the 1970s. This ethnographic methodology has allowed me, first, to address the manifestations of the past as constructed, staged, and transmitted by the retired officers; second, to identify the meanings and values that these officers evoke to justify state terrorism; and third, how they constructed a retrospective relationship with violence and dealt with the criticisms they received from society. The aim of this article is to highlight the vicissitudes, difficulties, and controversies that framed my fieldwork with retired officers of the Argentine Army at three moments: before, when I was designing the methodology to delve into the military world; during, when I established contact and conducted the interviews with retired officers; and after, when I presented the results of my work on their memories to colleagues in academia. In sum, the article reflects on the conditions for the production of knowledge about perpetrators in Argentina. I explore the problems related to understanding the memories of the officers and interpreting their words: both what is said and what remains unsaid in the interviews, and how this can contribute to knowledge about processes of mass violence based on the memories of the perpetrators.

Sagas in Time and Time in the Sagas: an Attempt at a Historiographical Review

This article is devoted to the perception of time in early Iceland (from the establishment in 930 of the Althing, an annual national assembly, to the submission of the Icelanders to the Norwegian king in 1262—1264). This is not, however, a result of my work with medieval sources (first of all, Icelandic sagas and historical writings) but an attempt to present an overview of this issue in the assessment of international historiography, mainly of the last fifty years, but with a significant emphasis on the 2020s. If by 2017, as noted in the scholarly literature, very little had been published on time in medieval literature in general, and in the sagas in particular, in the last few years three monographic studies have been published that deserve attention and evaluation. The article is divided into two parts. The first one contains a description of general trends and methods of studying time in the works of Old Norse literature, while the second one presents the analysis of three recent works, thematic and methodological intersections in which are an obvious consequence not of interdependence, but of the general situation in the study of this issue.

SPECIAL FEATURE: KNOW YOUR COLLEAGUES—ROBERT DAMELIO AND CARL BINDER

SPECIAL FEATURE: KNOW YOUR COLLEAGUES—ROBERT DAMELIO AND CARL BINDER

Special Values of L-functions for GL(n) Over a CM Field

Abstract We prove a Galois-equivariant algebraicity result for the ratios of successive critical values of $L$-functions for ${\textrm GL}(n)/F,$ where $F$ is a totally imaginary quadratic extension of a totally real number field $F^+$. The proof uses (1) results of Arthur and Clozel on automorphic induction from ${\textrm GL}(n)/F$ to ${\textrm GL}(2n)/F^+$, (2) results of my work with Harder on ratios of critical values for $L$-functions of ${\textrm GL}(2n)/F^+$, and (3) period relations amongst various automorphic and cohomological periods for ${\textrm GL}(2n)/F^+$ using my work with Shahidi. The reciprocity law inherent in the algebraicity result is exactly as predicted by Deligne’s conjecture on the special values of motivic $L$-functions.

Approaches to Indigenous Community History: Mapping the Cemetery at Soowahlie First Nation

This paper is a result of my work at the Ethnohistory Field School at the University of Victoria in 2019. I partnered with Soowahlie First Nation who asked the Field School to produce an updated map of the cemetery on their reserve. The work outlines what I found to be the most useful and relevant practices for researching and mapping Stó:lō community cemeteries. The paper also includes a narrative history of the cemetery itself and its role in the community.

A WEB-BASED FAST AND RELIABLE TEXT CLASSIFICATION TOOL

INTRODUCTION
 Opinion analysis in the big data analysis context has been a hot topic in science and the business world recently. Social media has become a key data source for opinions generating a large amount of data every day providing content for further analysis.
 In the Big data age, unstructured data classification is one of the key tools for fast and reliable content analysis. I expect significant growth in the demand for content classification services in the nearest future.
 There are many online text classification tools available providing limited functionality -such as automated text classification in predefined categories and sentiment analysis based on a pre-trained machine learning algorithm. The limited functionality does not provide tools such as data mining support and/or a machine learning algorithm training interface.
 There are a limited number of tools available providing the whole sets of tools required for text classification, i.e. this includes all the steps starting from data mining till building a machine learning algorithm and applying it to a data stream from a social network source. My goal is to create a tool able to generate a classified text stream directly from social media with a user friendly set-up interface.
 METHODS AND MATERIALS
 The text classification tool will have a core based modular structure (each module providing certain functionality) so the system can be scaled in terms of technology and functionality.
 The tool will be built on open source libraries and programming languages running on a Linux OS based server. The tool will be based on three key components: frontend, backend and data storage as described below:
 
 backend: Python and Nodejs programming language with machine learning and text filtering libraries: TensorFlow, and Keras,
 for data storage Mysql 5.7/8 will be used,
 frontend will be based on web technologies built using PHP and Javascript.
 
 EXPECTED RESULTS
 The expected result of my work is a web-based text classification tool for opinion analysis using data streams from social media. The tool will provide a user friendly interface for data collection, algorithm selection, machine learning algorithm setup and training.
 Multiple text classification algorithms will be available as listed below:
 
 Linear SVM
 Random Forest
 Multinomial Naive Bayes
 Bernoulli Naive Bayes
 Ridge Regressio
 Perceptron
 Passive Aggressive Classifier
 Deep machine learning algorithm.
 
 System users will be able to identify the most effective algorithm for their text classification task and compare them based on their accuracy.
 The architecture of the text classification tool will be based on a frontend interface and backend services. The frontend interface will provide all the tools the system user will be interacting with the system. This includes setting up data collection streams from multiple social networks and allocating them to pre-specified channels based on keywords.
 Data from each channel can be classified and assigned to a pre-defined cluster. The tool will provide a training interface for machine learning algorithms.
 This text classification tool is currently in active development for a client with planned testing and implementation in April 2019.

Future Research Directions Based on a Critical Assessment of Reputation Management in Practice: A German Perspective

First of all, I want to say thank you to Charles Fombrun and Cees van Riel for establishing a great community of researchers and practitioners who have a stake in reputation management. I definitely have great memories as regards the first years of the “Reputation Institute Initiative” and especially my first attempts to present results of my work on international reputation conferences. The massive image problems into which the German automobile industry has, in particular, recently been maneuvered, however, have encouraged me not to look back, but to give some stimulus for further research, based on a critical assessment of the state of art of reputation management in Germany. Perhaps the following very provocative propositions may contribute to revitalize the lively discussion which was characteristic of the first years of the “Reputation Institute community” and also found its expression the first issue of the Corporate Reputation Review (CRR).

La stèle CGC 20140 d’Ikhernofret au Grand Musée égyptien GEM:20140 لوحة للمدعو ایخرنفرت فی المتحف المصری الکبیر رقم20140

The paper will begin with an introduction about the owner of the stela. Also, the description of the stela.This stela was at the Cairo Egyptian Museum then; it was transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum. It was discovered at Abydos. It is a round topped stela, with two Oudjat eyes on the top. It is followed by three lines of inscriptions. The main scene depicted the owner Ikhernofret sitting before an offering table facing two men presenting to him offerings. Below this scene, three kneeling men figures. It holds at the Cairo Egyptian Museum SR 3/ 9374 but at the Grand Egyptian Museum GEM 3502. Ikhernofret was an ancient Egyptian treasurer under king Senusert III until the early years of Amenemhat III. He is an important official and belongs to the best attested officials of the Middle Kingdom. We don't have much informations about Ikhernofret's family. His mother is called Satkhons while his father is not mentioned on his monuments. The large number of stelae set up for Ikhernofret and his staff at Abydos is obviously connected with his work at that site. This stela is an important stela for providing many important details on treasurer Ikhernofret and his staff though little biographical information. He bears several significant titles on this stela such as overseer of the double treasury, overseer of the double gold house, Xtmty biti royal sealer and his main title is treasurer. Also, Jmj-r Xtmt overseer of sealers, smr waty the unique friend. We know from another stela of Ikhernofret now in Berlin 1204, which is published, that Ikhernofret was brought up at the royal court and was considered as child of the king. he became then friend of the king. The paper aims to focus on Ikhernofret, the owner of the stela, his titles and his staff. It will also discuss description of the stela, the Htp di nsw formula, Ikhernofret's family, criteria of dating the stela. The paper will end with a conclusion and the result of my work. تبدأ المقالة بمقدمة عن صاحب اللوحة ثم وصف تفصيلي للوحة التي کانت محفوظة بالمتحف المصري بميدان التحرير ثم تم نقلها الي المتحف المصري الکبير بالجيزة. لقد تم اکتشافها في ابيدوس و اللوحة من الحجر الجيري و هي ۮات قمة مستديرة يزينها عينين اودجات . ثم يليها نص افقي يتکون من ثلاث سطورمن الکتابة الهيروغليفية. ثم يليها جزئين: الجزء العلوي: يحتوي على المنظر الرئيسي في اللوحة و هويمثل ايخرنفرت صاحب اللوحة جالسا امام مائدة قرابين و امامه رجلان يقومان بتقديم القرابين له .اما الجزء السفلي من اللوحة فنجده مزين بثلاث رجال جالسين و يصاحب کل منهم نص يحتوي على لقب الشخص و اسمه. هۮه اللوحة تحمل الرقم المؤقت رقم 9374/3 في المتحف المصري بالتحرير اما الرقم الاخر فهو 20140 اما في المتحف الکبير بالجيزة فهي تحمل رقم 3502. ايخرنفرت کان يعمل حارسا للخزانة في عهد الملک سنوسرت الثالث حتى عهد الملک امنمحات الثالث. وکان من اهم کبار رجال الدولة ومن اشهرهم اثناء الدولة الوسطى. عائلة صاحب اللوحة لا نعرف عنها الکثير لکن والدته تدعى سات خنسو.اما عن والده فلم يۮکر اسمه على أثاره, العدد الکبير من اللوحات التي يمتلکها ايخرنفرت و التي وجدت في ابيدوس تدل على ان عمله ترکز في هۮه المنطقة. و تعتبر هۮه اللوحة بالغة الاهمية لانها تعطي معلومات هامة عن صاحب اللوحة و عن عمله کمشرف على الخزانة و عن زملاؤه العاملين معه في اثناء الاسرة الحادية عشرة.کما انها تعرفنا المناصب التي تولاها ايخرنفرت حيث کان رئيس البيت الذهبي و المشرف علي الخزانة. و نعرف من اللوحة انه احضر الى البلاط الملکي و اعتبر طفل الملک ثم اصبح صديق الملک. وفي هۮه المقالة سيتم تناول کل النقاط السابقة بالتفصيل بالجيزة بالاضافة الي کيفية تأريخ اللوحة بناء على عدة عناصر موجودة بها.بالاضافة الي الاشخاص الموجودين في اللوحة و علاقتهم بصاحب اللوحة. وتنتهي المقالة بخاتمة.

Del antipatriarcado al feminismo: derivas del ethos militante en un movimiento social de la Argentina (2004-2015)

El presente artículo se ocupa de observar el recorrido de la cuestión de género en un movimiento social contemporáneo en Argentina, a partir de las tendencias prefigurativas o pragmáticas que muestran los ethos militantes. Se trabajó para ello con entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones de campo y análisis de los documentos producidos por el Frente Popular Darío Santillán (FPDS). Los resultados de este trabajo permiten corroborar la presencia de un ethos prefigurativo relativo a la cuestión de género en este movimiento, al tiempo que ayudan a relativizar las divisiones tajantes entre los “viejos” y los “nuevos”’ modelos de militancia, encontrando continuidades y rupturas entre ellos. Estos resultados se enmarcan en las conclusiones generales de mi estudio de maestría del año 2013.

Ethnic conflicts and riots in Italy: The case of Rome, 2014

In this article I present an overview of Italian experiences of social unrest and riots, with a focus on the wave of protests and ethnic conflicts that occurred in some areas on the outskirts of Rome during the last months of 2014, when groups of Italian citizens – often led by right-wing politicians and neo-fascist political movements – organized street blocks, set fires in garbage containers, attacked buildings where refugees and asylum seekers were living and chased immigrants in these neighbourhoods. The case explored here, based on the first results of an ethnographic study, is an example of ethnic conflict in which immigrants – and Roma people – are the target of violent actions undertaken by natives, with an important role played by radical right movements in reinforcing the protest and in the decision to engage in rioting. I describe in detail the characteristics and the context of these events, analysing differences from and similarities to past Italian experiences of ethnic conflict and discussing the preliminary results of my work in relation to the main hypotheses discussed in the literature on ethnic conflicts.

Economic Foundations of Intellectual Property Rights

My work in the economics of innovation began some forty years ago. I realized, as I was beginning my work on the Economics of Information, that knowledge and information are very similar. In fact, you can view information as a particular kind of knowledge, and so the problems that I was analyzing at the time, such as how well the market economy deals with information, corresponded to the question of how well the market economy deals with knowledge. My work showed that the standard paradigm (the neoclassical model, which argued that well-functioning markets solved all economic problems) just did not work when information was imperfect and endogenous (that is, could be affected by what individuals or firms did), and, by extension, when knowledge is endogenous (that is, when technology is changing). Adam Smith’s theory argued that individuals in pursuit of their self-interest (firms in pursuit of maximizing profits) were led as if by an invisible hand to the general well-being of society. One of the important results of my work, developed in a number of my papers, was that the invisible hand often seemed invisible because it was not there.

Group Dream Interpretation

A process of group dream interpretation is described, derived from Ullman's (1994, 1996) approach. A dream group allows for deep analysis of a dream in a context of freedom and safety. It also is an excellent training tool for helping psychoanalytic candidates become more comfortable with dreams, the unconscious, and primary process material. The beneficial results of my work with dream groups are contextualized within the findings of other psychoanalysts who use group processes to enable supervision and as a solution to transference-countertransference deadlocks (Burrow, 1927; Wolstein, 1984; Ogden, 2006).

Materiales para una investigación fenomenológica sobre el dinero

In this paper we intend to lay the grounds for a Phenomenology of money. We start from the pre-theoretical comprehension of money as an “entity for”, that is to say, as a tool. Within this pre-theoretical comprehension, money is always understood according to its teleology (money is always “something to buy with”). Also, in this pre-theoretical framework money is hardly ever defined as “something to sell with”, or as “something being the result of my work”. Thus, in our daily experience the being of money becomes undistinguishable with the act of purchasing, which in turn underlines the deeply projective nature of money’s essence. In order to grasp this projective quality, we will have to develop a phenomenlogy of the purchasing act. “To purchase” is “to get something by means of money”. But, what is this thing that we get anyway? Whatever it is, it has a distinctive character: it is a merchandise. Through the appropiate phenomenologial descriptions, we will try to show how the description of the spatiality and temporality of the merchandise is essential to understand the effects of money upon the spatiality and temporality of the surrounding world.

REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC LEPIDURUS (NOTOSTRACA)

Abstract Limited understanding of the morphological variation and genetics of the genus Lepidurus have caused confusion for workers attempting to determine North American species of this genus. In addition, preliminary culturing data suggests that food quality affects the form of structures previously used as specific characters. Morphological comparisons between Lepidurus packardi Simon, 1886, and the type material of L. couesii Packard, 1877, demonstrate that populations of Lepidurus occurring in the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Mountains, and the Great Basin regions of northeastern California and south central Oregon, previously reported as L. couesii, “L. couesii-1”, or as the “Modoc Plateau Tadpole Shrimp”, conform to the L. packardi morphotype. The results of my work and King and Hanner's (1998) genetic data demonstrate the presence of a cryptic species within the L. packardi morphotype, described here as Lepidurus cryptus n. sp. Specific diagnoses and a key to North American Lepidurus are presented.

Acceptance of the SEG Silver Medal for 1999

Thank you, Marco for your kind introduction. Members of the Society, ladies and gentlemen: I am honored—and surprised—to be standing here, among so many of the outstanding members of our discipline to receive this honor. While the award is being given to me, I feel it is really the result of my work with a number of great teams of individuals in both industry and academia throughout my career. The first team was certainly my family. My grandfather, Murray Neumann, was a petroleum geologist in the mid-continent working with Carter Oil Company, and later, Standard of New Jersey. He participated in a number of major discoveries in Oklahoma and the western states. Growing up, I learned the excitement of exploration from him and the critical importance of actually looking at, and understanding, rocks in the field. My father, Donald Hitzman, was a research microbiologist for Philips Petroleum Company and spent the majority of his career in their research laboratory. From him I learned the excitement of applied scientific research and the importance of a job well done. My mother taught me good communication skills and graphic design, both of which have proved critical, especially in industry. Although I was exposed to geology from an early age my first love was anthropology. I attended Dartmouth College and pursued a degree in anthropology. However, I became intrigued by the Earth Science department’s program which involved fieldwork in Central America. Hence, I signed up for a course in tectonics with Chuck Drake. Chuck’s lectures dealing with his experiences at Lamont during the period of the recognition of sea-floor spreading were so exciting and exhilarating that I was hooked. I attended the Stretch field course and did field mapping in New England, the southwestern United States, Belize, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Guatemala. I …

Dresser la cartographie napoléonienne d'Italie : comment et pourquoi ?

Anne Godlewska, To draw up the Napoleonic cartography of Italy : How and why ? In my earlier publications I have documented the emergence in the early 19th century of a new spatial interest in the writings of the topographical engineers and Chabrol de Volvic. It would be logical to assume that a new spatial curiosity would also manifest itself in the cartography of this period. To explore this question I studied the Napoleonic cartography of Italy (a recently French territory under political, economic and social integration). Given the huge number of maps to be studied, the difficulty of a comparative study of maps, and my physical distance from the maps, I began by analyzing the possibility and utility of an electronic atlas of Napoleonic cartography. In this paper I show the results of my work to date and I discuss critically the difficulties, the validity and the limitations of this type of work.

The origin of the Paleoproterozoic belt (northeastern Fennoscandian Shield). Reply

I thank Dr. V. Melezhik and Dr. B. Sturt for their comments on my paper published in the Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (Smolkin 1997). I am ready to continue constructive discussion on the questions of the genesis of Paleoproterozoic magmatic complexes of the Kola region (northwestern Russia) that host sulfide, chromite, and titanomagnetite ore deposits, and on the problems of reconstructing Precambrian geodynamic processes. Dr. E. Sharkov and I have been working on these questions since 1984, based mainly on the results of petrological studies of magmatic sequences of basic–ultrabasic rocks of the Kola region and the adjacent areas of Karelia and Finland (Sharkov 1984; Smolkin 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997; Sharkov and Smolkin 1988, 1989, 1990, 1997). Over these years we have proposed geodynamic models, which were refined as new data on the geochemistry and isotope composition of the magmatic rocks, as well as the deep structure of the region, were obtained. Dr. Sharkov and I share a common point of view on the earliest stages of evolution of the largest Paleoproterozoic belts of the Kola region: the Pechenga–Varzuga and Lapland Granulite; however, our interpretations of the final (orogenic) stage of the history of development of these zones are different. In Dr. Sharkov’s opinion (Priyatkina and Sharkov 1979; Sharkov and Smolkin 1990, 1997), the final stage resulted in the formation of the Lapland deep fault as a collision suture zone between the Belomorian and Kola crustal megablocks and as an island arc, the root of which is now preserved as the Lapland granulite belt. In this scenario, the Pechenga– Varzuga belt located to the north could be a back-arc basin area. In my opinion, the Pechenga–Varzuga belt was a continental-rifting system that had not gone through an oceanization stage, and during the final stage the system was transformed into an orogenic zone (Smolkin 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997; Mitrofanov et al. 1995). My original data on formational analysis, the petrology of intrusive and volcanic basic–ultrabasic rock complexes of Archean and Proterozoic ages, and the chemical, mineralogical, and isotope composition of the rocks are presented and discussed in detail in my doctoral thesis (Smolkin 1991). Working on the model, I benefited from participation in major projects aimed at formational analysis of magmatic complexes of the Kola region (Bel’kov 1985), isotope dating of ore formations (Pushkaryov et al. 1988), reconstruction of endogenic regimes prevailing in the Precambrian (Batieva and Vinogradov 1991), the study of magmatism and metallogeny in paleorift systems of Karelia and the Kola Peninsula (Smolkin et al. 1993), and in Russian–Finnish research programs (“Types and epochs of development of greenstone belts and their metallogeny” and “Basic– ultrabasic magmatism”) (Alapieti et al. 1990; Smolkin 1992). In addition, from 1965 to 1970 the author was engaged in compilation of geological 1 : 50 000 maps in southern and northern parts of the Baikal province. To construct the model, I used a data base of isotope (U– Pb, Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr) analyses for the Kola Peninsula and Karelia (more than 350 analyses in total), some of which are presented in the Appendix to Smolkin (1997). An analysis of geophysical (vibroseismic) data on the deep structure of the Pechenga region was performed recently (Pozhilenko et al. 1997). The results of my work on classification and formational analysis of intrusive basic–ultrabasic complexes were employed when the recent geological 1 : 500 000 maps of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia–Kola region were compiled (Radchenko et al. 1994; St. Petersburg State Company (“Mineral”) 1996; Mitrofanov 1996). Dr. Melezhik and Dr. Sturt (Geological Survey of Norway), who published their first paper dedicated to the interpretation of the geodynamic settings of the Pechenga– Varzuga belt in 1994, have offered comments on my publications, specifically the Smolkin (1997) paper. In this Reply, I will try to explain my position with regard to the Precambrian geodynamic history of the region. Before starting the discussion, it must be noted that Dr. Melezhik examined the geochemical features and conditions of the formation of Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the region, and compiled paleogeographic reconstruction and correlation of the stratigraphic sections of first the Imandra/Varzuga and then, since 1985, the Pechenga zones. The results of his studies were published in detail in Melezhik (1992).

Comments on "An improved method of measuring the power-line impedances using two current probes"

The authors of the above paper (see Kwasniok, Kozlowski, and Stuchly, ibid., vol.35, no.4, p. 473-75, 1993) state in the first sentence that the two-current-probe method was developed by Nickleson and Malack (1973) and refer to their paper. During the early 1970s while employed by Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, TX, I was in charge of an Air Force research project to investigate methods to measure signals being transmitted via power lines. One of the results of my work on this project was the development and testing of methods to measure power-line impedances. I designed an automated system to measure power-line impedance and a set of active current probes. >

The Institutional Structure of Production

In my long life I have known some great economists, but I have never counted myself among their number nor walked in their company. I have made no innovations in high theory. My contribution to economics has been to urge the inclusion in our analysis of features of the economic system so obvious that, like the postman in G. K. Chesterton’s Father Brown tale, “The Invisible Man,” they have tended to be overlooked. Nonetheless, once included in the analysis, they will, as I believe, bring about a complete change in the structure of economic theory, at least in what is called price theory or microeconomics. What I have done is to show the importance for the working of the economic system of what may be termed the institutional structure of production. In this lecture I shall explain why, in my view, these features of the economic system were ignored and why their recognition will lead to a change in the way we analyze the working of the economic system and in the way we think about economic policy, changes which are already beginning to occur. I will also speak about the empirical work that needs to be done if this transformation in our approach is to increase our understanding. In speaking about this transformation, I do not wish to suggest that it is the result of my work alone. OliverWilliamson, Harold Demsetz, and Steven Cheung, among others, have made outstanding contributions to the subject, and without their work and that of many others, I doubt whether the significance of my writings would have been recognized. While it has been a great advantage of the creation of the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel that, by drawing attention to the significance of particular fields of economics, it encourages further research in them, the highlighting of the work of a few scholars, or, in my case, one scholar, tends to obscure the importance of the contributions of other able scholars whose researches have been crucial to the development of the field.