Results Of My Study Research Articles

Discursive Inequity and the Internal Exclusion of Women Speakers

In today’s democracies, disempowered group members are no longer formally barred from the political arena. However, there is a concern that the historical memory of political inequality and exclusion remains as internalized cognitive dispositions, shaping behavior even after laws are changed. Focusing on the legacy of women’s political exclusion from the public sphere, I consider whether internal exclusions undermine women’s ability to influence political discourse even under conditions of formal political equality. All else being equal, do women and men in Western democracies have the same discursive influence? Are women particularly sensitive to men’s discursive authority? I help answer these questions using an experimental research design. The results of my study offer evidence that people are more willing to revise their opinions after hearing a man’s counterargument than after hearing a woman’s identical counterargument. This pattern appears to be driven by the way women respond to a man’s counterclaim. I discuss how gendered discursive inequities reinforce existing patriarchal structures, and the role that women inadvertently play in their own subjugation. I conclude by offering suggestions for better approximating the ideal of discursive gender equality.

Psychoactive drugs and the management of time


 The main objective for this article is to explore how users of psychoactive drugs experience time and the role psychoactive drugs play in the management and construction of time. The data in this study consists of different kinds of written documents such as anecdotal accounts and scientific articles and reports which was collected using a purposeful sampling technique. One important result is that time is experienced and constructed differently among users of legal drugs compared to users of illegal drugs. The use of heroin is for example associated with shrinking time-horizons and being afraid of looking back and looking ahead, while smoking cigarettes is correlated with killing chronological time and instituting a parenthesis in normative time. Another conclusion is that users of illegal drugs experience greater problems synchronizing social and subjective time compared to users of legal substances. The results of my study also suggest that drug users´ experiences of time are intertwined with the social context and social meanings of drug use.

A spatio-legal approach to the intermediate housing-with-care solutions for older people: exploring the adoption of a retirement village concept in Finland

AbstractRetirement villages are an increasingly popular senior housing option that aims to comprehensively integrate accommodation, care services, social activities and interaction opportunities for ageing people. The research literature about retirement villages and communities is extensive, but less studied are the contextually varying spatial, legal and political processes of how such villages and other intermediate housing-with-care solutions for older people are initially constituted, especially in novel national and local contexts. In this paper, a spatio-legal approach is employed to study the many legal possibilities and barriers that have arisen while developing retirement villages in Finland. As a specific case, I examine the new Finnish Virkkulankylä retirement village concept and its implementation process. As the key result of my study, I identify three major spatio-legal barriers to developing retirement villages and other intermediate senior housing solutions, which are (a) the polarised division between the fields of elderly care and housing in both law and practice, (b) the prevalence of ‘local law’ in spatial planning and service provision for elderly people, and (c) the inflexible funding system regarding alternative housing-with-care solutions for seniors. I argue that although the ‘in-betweenness’ of retirement villages may facilitate a more comprehensive understanding about the housing and care of older adults, in practice their intermediary position translates into many ambiguities and challenges.

FOUNDATION OF RELIGIOUS LIBERALISM IN BANGLADESH: CONTRIBUTION OF BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN AND AWAMI LEAGUE

The Father of the Nation Bangabandu[1] Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975) is the great architect and the immortal morphologist of a new map of independent Bangladesh. During his rule, he took various steps for the welfare of the country and the nation. He took realistic and effective measures to propagate Islam because of the economic, social and physical infrastructural measures in it, keeping in mind the religious sentiments and values of the people of the Muslim majority in Bangladesh. The outstanding contribution he has made to spread Islam, the promotion and establishment of Islamic values ​​during his reign has become a rare example in the contemporary Muslim world. He was always trying to make Bangladesh a country of peace for all people of all religions. He is not only a great architect of an independent sovereign state but also, he is the architect of spreading Islam under government-sponsored Bangladesh. Especially by establishing the Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, he provided a solid institutional basis for the spread of Islam. He gave greater importance to all citizens who have equal rights regardless of religion and have been an assurance of all religions, which serves as a protector against intolerance when drafting the constitution of Bangladesh. However, the research tries to highlight how Bangabandhu contributed to reducing the religious hatred and extremism, fanaticism, and fundamentalism and establishing peaceful co-existence of various cultures and religions among the people of Bangladesh. Therefore, the result of my study shows how the role of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his Awami league is establishing or has contributed in establishing status equality, love, promote religious cohesion, tolerance, and brotherhood among the masses and taught people to respect each other's religion, emotions, and practices in Bangladesh.

Little things matter: a daily diary study of the within-person relationship between workplace incivility and work-related rumination.

Workplace incivility is a low-intensity, counterproductive work behavior associated with negative health outcomes and organizational consequences (e.g., turnover intention). In the present study, I used a daily diary design to investigate the short-term within-person effects of workplace incivility on work-related rumination. Time pressure was included in the present study to underline the importance of workplace incivility for off-work ruminative thoughts beyond the known effects of a stressful workday. Additionally, I propose mood at the end of the workday as a mediator for the proposed relationships. The results of my study corroborate the existence of the daily within-person and the more stable weekly between-person effect of workplace incivility on off-work ruminative thoughts. These results suggest that the experience of short-term and fluctuating workplace incivility has an impact on off-work ruminative thinking even when controlling for the known effects of time pressure. With regard to my proposed mediational effect, my hypothesis was not confirmed. In an additional analysis, however, mediation was confirmed when time pressure was excluded from the model. Further, the within-person relationship between time pressure and work-related rumination was mediated by mood.

Nyelvelsajátítás vagy nyelvtanulás? Óvodáskorú bevándorló kisgyermekek magyar nyelvi fejlesztése

Jelen tanulmányban azt mutatom be, hogy miként jelenik meg az iskolakészültség fogalma magyar és nemzetközi viszonylatban, milyen megoldásokat nyújtanak eléréséhez a különböző oktatási rendszerek, illetve milyen programokat ajánlanak a szakértők a kutatásokban szereplő programok eredményességének feltárása alapján. Majd a bevándorló gyermekek speciális fejlesztését vizsgálom, mivel esetükben a nyelvtudásbeli hátrány leküzdése további feladat. Végül bemutatok egy olyan modellértékű magyar kezdeményezést, amelyen keresztül betekintést nyerhetünk a magyar nyelv sajátosságait és a magyar iskolakészültség kritériumait figyelembe vevő felkészítési lehetőségekbe. Eredményként megfogalmazható, hogy az óvodáskorú bevándorló hátterű kisgyermekek esetében a nyelvi fejlesztési munkában jelentős hozadékkal bír a nyelvtanulás és a nyelvelsajátítás összehangolása.

الشباب والشیب فی شعر ابن المعتز دراسة موضوعیة وفنیة

يعد الحديث عن الشباب والشيب من أکثر الظواهر اإلنسانية التي تنبع من حنايا الذات فتعبر بصدق عن وجدان الشاعر وأحاسيسه، کما أن للتناقض في وجدان کل إنسان ال سيما الشع ارء فالشباب فتوة بين المرحلتين أث ار جليا المرء وحداثته؛ ففيه يکون اإلنسان في أزهى م ارحل العمر نضارة في الوجه وسوادا في الشعر و هي مرحلة القوة والنشاط لإلنسان ، أما الشيب فمرحلة انحناء الظهر وبياض الشعر وضعف القوة، وقد تباينت آراء النقاد في هاتين المرحلتين بين المدح والذم وهذا ما بينه المبحث األول من التمهيد لهذا البحث )الشباب والشيب بين المدح والذم( وفي المبحث الثاني )ابن المعتز و ليد البيئة و العصر( ويتناول أبرز المؤث ارت التي أتاحت له النبوغ الشعري: کالموهبة ، والثقافة، وأثر السياقات الحضارية في العصر العباسي على شعره ويدور الفصل األول عن )الدراسة الموضوعية( کالتحوالت في حياة الشاعر من أثر المشيب، وتبريرات الشاعر للمشيب ، وفلسفته في ذلک ، وآماله في العودة للشباب مرة أخرى، واألسى والحزن لمرور الشباب وقدوم المشيب، والسياقات الحضارية وعالقتها بالشباب والشيب أما الفصل الثاني فقد تحدثت فيه عن )الدراسة الفنية( فعرضت لبيئة الشاعر وأثرها في خلق شخصيته الشعرية، والصورة الشعرية وتطورها لتطور الحياة، والموسيقى الشعرية متمثلة في الوزن والقافية ثم الخاتمة والتي لخصت فيها أبرز النتائج التي انتهت إليها دراستي . الشباب والشيب في شعر ابن المعتز دراسة موضوعية وفنية Abstract of research entitled: Youth and Ageing in Ibn al - Mu'taz 's poetry. An and technical study” Talking about youth and ageing is considered one of the most human phenomena that emanate from the self-immersion. It expresses honestly the heart of the poet and his feelings, and the contradiction between the two stages has a clear effect on the soul of every human being, especially the poets; as youth is one of the most powerful and youthful stages of life. The youth have freshness in the face and blackness in the hair. It is the stage of strength and activity of the human being. As for aged ones, it’s the stage of curvature of the back, hair whiteness and weakness of strength. Opinions of critics was differed about these two stages between praise and slander, and this is what the first section of the preface to this research has showed (youth and Ageing between praise and slander(. In the second section (Ibn al-Mu'taz, Nascent of Environment and the Era) deals with the most influential effects that allowed him the poetic superiority: like talent, culture and the impact of cultural contexts (effects) in the Abbasid era on his poetry. The first chapter deals with the objective study, such as the transformations (changes) in the poet's life after ageing, his philosophy in that, his hopes of returning to youth again, the sorrow for his youth getting gray, the cultural contexts (effects) and their relationship with youth and ageing. In the second chapter, (The technical study) I presented the environment of the poet and its impact in creating his poetic character, poetic imaging and its evolution with the evolution of life, Poetic music in the form of rhyming, then the conclusion, which summarized the most important results of my studies.

Results Suggestive of the Brain Trying to Re-Organizee Itself and Recover During the Early Stages of an Epileptic Seizure?

It literally “boggles the mind” to try to imagine the chaos that must be occurring in the brain during an epileptic seizure! No wonder seizures are often referred to as ‘brainstorms’! This paper presents some results of my studies analyzing the EEGs of patients suffering seizures, during the brainstorms themselves. Then, based on cross-frequency coupling strength computations, contour plot snapshots are presented which suggest to me that they may be showing the brain ‘struggling’ to regain control. Results are presented in graphical form for the progression of four epileptic seizures. There are two each from two patients, during the first dozen or two seconds after onset, for seizures lasting roughly three-quarters of to a full minute. Much longer time studies were done for each in my four recent SSRN e-papers, covering pre-seizure and post-seizure epochs as well. Using the metric of harmonic wavelet bicoherence, MATLAB contour plots of cross-frequency coupling of EEG oscillations were created. A short sequence of such plots is presented for each seizure, stepped forward in time by a second (or sometimes less), from a contour plot at or near seizure onset. Each sequence shows how the pattern of cross-frequency coupling soon after seizure onset morphs into noticeable, somewhat dramatic, frequency sub-band coupling. This coupling may be driven/modulated by narrow, lower-frequency sub-bands, as suggested by key contour plots. My conjectures may well spring mostly from my imagination/wishful thinking, and are likely premature, at the very least. But, for these seizures from two different patients with a specific, common type of seizure, complex partial, I seem to see a distinct pattern of brain activity, 'fighting' to reset itself, to escape the seizure. There appears to be a ‘characteristic’ spiking frequency for each seizure, which might identify a specific type(s) and location(s) of neurons responsible for this? Perhaps such knowledge could eventually lead to more effective treatment options? Much further work needs to be done, though.

Does progressive nuclear staining with hemalum (alum hematoxylin) involve DNA, and what is the nature of the dye-chromatin complex?

Previous investigators have disagreed about whether hemalum stains DNA or its associated nucleoproteins. I review here the literature and describe new experiments in an attempt to resolve the controversy. Hemalum solutions, which contain aluminum ions and hematein, are routinely used to stain nuclei. A solution containing 16 Al3+ ions for each hematein molecule, at pH 2.0–2.5, provides selective progressive staining of chromatin without cytoplasmic or extracellular “background color.” Such solutions contain a red cationic dye-metal complex and an excess of Al3+ ions. The red complex is converted to an insoluble blue compound, assumed to be polymeric, but of undetermined composition, when stained sections are blued in water at pH 5.5–8.5. Staining experiments with DNA, histone and DNA + histone mixtures support the theory that DNA, not histone, is progressively colored by hemalum. Extraction of nucleic acids, by either a strong acid or nucleases at near neutral pH, prevented chromatin staining by a simple cationic dye, thionine, pH 4, and by hemalum, with pH adjustments in the range, 2.0–3.5. Staining by hemalum at pH 2.0–3.5 was not inhibited by methylation, which completely prevented staining by thionine at pH 4. Staining by hemalum and other dye-metal complexes at pH ≤ 2 may be due to the high acidity of DNA-phosphodiester (pKa ~ 1). This argument does not explain the requirement for a much higher pH to stain DNA with those dyes and fluorochromes not used as dye-metal complexes. Sequential treatment of sections with Al2(SO4)3 followed by hematein provides nuclear staining that is weaker than that attainable with hemalum. Stronger staining is seen if the pH is raised to 3.0–3.5, but there is also coloration of cytoplasm and other materials. These observations do not support the theory that Al3+ forms bridges between chromatin and hematein. When staining with hematein is followed by an Al2(SO4)3 solution, there is no significant staining. Taken together, the results of my study indicate that the red hemalum cation is electrostatically attracted to the phosphate anion of DNA. The bulky complex cation is too large to intercalate between base pairs of DNA and is unlikely to fit into the minor groove. The short range van der Waals forces that bind planar dye cations to DNA probably do not contribute to the stability of progressive hemalum staining. The red cation is precipitated in situ as a blue compound, insoluble in water, ethanol and water-ethanol mixtures, when a stained preparation is blued at pH > 5.5.

A study on an auhor of Shilla Sui-jeon : In relation to the revision of the Biography

본고는 新羅殊異傳 에 수록되어 있는 <崔致遠>의 문면 검토를 통하여 후인이 加筆했을 가능성을 검토한 것이다. 權文海의 大東韻府群玉 에 신라수이전 의 작자가 ‘崔致遠’으로 명기되어 있음에도 불구하고, <최치원>의 말미에 실재 인물 최치원의 만년 생애가 포함되어 있어서 후대의 어떤문인이 지었을 것으로 추론함으로써, 작자가 논란이 되어 왔다. 따라서 <최 치원>이 후인에 의해 가필되었음을 해명하게 되면 신라수이전 의 작자를 실재 인물 최치원으로 확정할 수가 있다. <최치원>은 서두의 인물 소개, 본문의 두 여자귀신과의 수작, 결미의 만 년 생애로 구성되어 있다. 서두와 결미는 전기적인 사실이고, 본문은 허구 적인 내용이다. 이는 서사 구조상 이질적인 성격을 드러내어 매우 어색하다. 특히 결미의 만년 생애는 작품의 중심 내용이라 할 수 있는 두 여자귀신과의 만남과 긴밀한 인과관계를 맺지 못하고 있다. 또한 서두와 결미에 중복되는 표현이 보이고 문체도 본문과 다르다. 이런 점에서 후인의 가필을 의심해 볼 수가 있다. <최치원>은 太平通載 권68에 수록되어 전하는데, 원래의 제목은 <雙女墳記>이다. 조선 초기에 成任이 태평통재 를 편찬하는 과정에서 <쌍녀분기>를 <최치원>으로 제목만 바꾼 것이 아니라, 작품의 일부 내용과 표현까지도 고친 것으로 보인다. 태평통재 에 실려 있는 <趙云&#20193;>의 경우를 보면, 그 출전을 高麗史 로 밝히고 있지만 그대로 옮겨 실은 것이 아니라 삭제, 삽입, 문맥 조정의 방법으로 많은 부분을 고쳐서 수록했음을 확인할수가 있다. 따라서 태평통재 의 편찬방법을 미루어, <최치원> 역시 성임에 의해 가필되었을 가능성을 추측할 수가 있다. 더욱이 三國史記 <崔致遠列傳>에 비슷한 구절과 내용이 보이고 있어서 이를 참조하여 가필했을 것으로 보기에 충분하다. 곧 실재 인물 최치원이 당나라 유학 시절에 <쌍녀분기>를 지었는데, 성임이 태평통재 를 편찬하면서 <최치원>이라 제목을 바꾸고, 그 서두와 말미에 <최치원열전>의 해당 부분을 일부 고쳐서 수록한 것이다.This paper includes a result of my study about a possibility of revision by the future generation through the contextual examination of <Choi Chi-won> included in Shilla Sui-jeon . Although it is written in Daedong unbu gunok that Choi Chi-won is an author of Shilla Sui-jeon , a true author has always been controversial as it is included in the end of <Choi Chi-won> about a full life story of a real person Choi. Thus, if we can repute clearly the fact that it was revised by a future generation, then we can put an end of this controversial about a real author of Shilla Sui-jeon and <Choi Chi-won> as Choi Chi-won. <Choi Chi-won> consists of three parts: an introduction of characters in the beginning, a story with two female ghosts in the body, and a full life story in the end. The beginning and the end is a biographical fact, and the body is a fictional content. This shows that this can’t be a reason of involvement or appearance of a real person, Choi Chi-won in a narrative structure. In particular, a full life story in the end doesn’t seem to have a close cause-and-effect relationship with a meeting with two female ghosts that is the core content of this literary work but shows a disparate characteristic instead. <Choi Chi-won> is included in Taepyeongtongjae , Volume 68 and its original title is <Ssangnyeo-bun-gi> or <the Tomb of Ssangnyeo>. It seems that not only title was changed from <Ssangnyeo-bun-gi> to <Choi Chiwon> but also contents of the work was modified in the process of publishing Taepyeongtongjae by Sung-Im(成任). As an example, in the case of <Jo Un-heul> included in Taepyeongtongjae , although the source indicates as <Goryosa> but we can find out that it didn’t bring words directly from the original but it was included after trimming with various ways such as insertion, deletion, and context adjustment. Therefore, through the way of publishing of Taepyeongtongjae , it can be speculated that <Choi Chi-won> was revised by Sung-Im. Furthermore, considering the fact that <Choi Chi-won Yeol jeon> of Samguksagi contains similar sentences and contents, it is enough to conclude that <Choi Chi-won> was revised by referencing <Choi Chi-won Yeol jeon>. Soon after, a real person, Choi Chi-won wrote <Ssangnyeo-bun-gi> while he studied in Tang. When Sung-Im published Taepyeongtongjae , he changed a title to <Choi Chi-won>, and included in the beginning and end after trimming slightly of the part in <Choi Chi-won Yeol jeon>.

Interactions between Harmony and Form in a Corpus of Rock Music

In this article I present empirical work that investigates what, if any, harmonic characteristics are found to typically associate with standard form categories in rock music. Specifically, I use statistical analysis to compare and contrast the harmonic traits of verse, chorus, and bridge sections in a corpus of two hundred rock songs. I begin with an overview of the corpus itself, followed by a discussion of my methodology. I then present the results of my study, which quantifies harmony via two main approaches: the proportion of time spent on a chord root and the average duration of a chord root. I also consider which chord roots tend to open or close a section, as well as the distribution of chord qualities across sections. It is found that verse and chorus sections differ most strongly with respect to the length and proportion of tonic harmony, whereas verse and bridge sections differ with regard to the proportion of tonic, the average duration of nontonic chords, and the typical opening and closing chords. Fewer significant differences are found between chorus and bridge sections, the exception being the closing harmony.

Inclusion as Critique. Deconstructionist Approaches Exemplified through ‘Care’ of People with Cognitive Disabilities in Germany

The article builds on a reformulation of disability that construes disability as ‘discoursive disability’ (Trescher 2017d) and develops a conception of inclusion, which may be thought of as a deconstruction of barriers to participate in discourses and that aims at enabling access to discourses. I develop this perspective against the background of stationary housing in disability care. In this context, I refer to results of my study ‚Living space as pedagogic challenge. Institutional arrangement of residential home for people with disabilities’ (Trescher 2017c), which documents that external and internal, (in)formally assigned practices manifest as ‘disabling’ and ultimately lead to a bureaucratic overdetermination of subjects. Inclusion in this regard means to deconstruct disabling practices, such as bureaucratic overdetermination, and thus constitutes a process, which runs counter to disability. Inclusion is critical, because it deconstructs barriers to participate in discourses and therefore ultimately transforms society.

Goin’ Home: The Role of Vowel Raising in Indexing an Ethnic Identity

Vowel height can be seen as a feature indexing a particular ethnic identity or indicating a style shift between two such identities. This paper focuses on Bradford-born South Asian musician Zayn Malik, an interesting subject given his prominent status as one of the most influential Asians in Britain today (Parveen 2016). I consider the role of vowel raising in the GOAT lexical set (Wells 1982) over the period of 2010 to 2016 and in style-shifting between casual, interview, and performative styles. The results of my study indicate significant differences in F1 and F2 values between particular years, and differences in F1 values between performative and interview speech. I explore these shifts in relation to the hostility Malik has faced and study the causes of his shifting, particularly in terms of speaker agency and audience design (Bell 1984).

Синтаксономия степной растительности Республики Бурятия

Синтаксономия степной растительности Республики Бурятия

Towards a definition of an Egyptian Greek variety

In this paper I study the possibility of an Egyptian Greek variety that — on the phonological level — developed from the 2 nd century CE onward, and which has so far not been defined as an independent language variety. Some preliminary remarks on this have been made, based on the great amount of features present in Greek in Egypt potentially stemming from the contact with Egyptian. Greek texts from Egypt display a substantial amount of nonstandard variation on all linguistic levels. In this paper I investigate the phonological level, concentrating on vowel orthography. Preliminary results of my study indicate Coptic phonological influence in, for example, the allophonic distribution of unstressed vowels, the tendency for consonant-to-vowel coarticulatory effects, and transfer of the Egyptian stress system. Parallel material can be found in the nonstandard usage of Greek loanwords in Coptic, which are used as a comparison for the Greek nonstandard writing forms. In order to be able to differentiate between Coptic impact and Greek internal phonological variation in the analysis of the phonetic variants, Coptic phoneme qualities are compared to the nonstandard renderings of Arabic loanwords in Coptic which display the same phenomena as the Greek ones.

Clinical Profile of Patients Based on Receptor Status in Carcinoma Breast

Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting receptor status in carcinoma breast. The objectives include to determine factors to be studied, analyze the clinical and histological factors in relation to receptor status & determine the relation of factors to receptor status Materials and Methods: A prospective time bound study was planned from Nov 2013 to August 2015 with patients getting admitted in Govt Wenlock Hospital, KMC Attavar and KMC-Ambedkar Circle Hospitals in Mangalore. The factors taken into consideration were age, family history, tumour size, lymph node involvement and grading. A ‘p’ value of <0.005 is taken as significant. Results: In a total study of 93 cases, it was noted that patients with tumour size of 2-5cm has a significant correlation with Estrogen receptor (ER) i.e of the 52 patients with tumour size of 2–5cm, 43 patients has ER positive status. p value ( 0.046 ). Out of 54 patients with positive lymph nodal status, 42 patients has HER2 negative status (77.8%). p value ( 0.043). Conclusion: The results of my study implies that lymph node involvement determines the HER2 receptor status and also the tumour size determines the Estrogen receptor (ER) status. However our study could not determine any significant correlation between age and receptor status may be because of sample size being small.

Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: a comparative study

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the common emergency surgical problems that usually we encounters. Since its introduction by McBurney in 1894, appendicectomy has been the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. Since its initial description by Semm in 19834, Laparoscopic appendicectomy (LA) has struggled to prove its superiority over the open technique. The advantages of LA over open appendicectomy (OA) are thought to be less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and early return to usual activity. While the incidence of postoperative wound infection is thought to be lower after the laparoscopic technique. There is however notions showing only minimal benefit from laparoscopic appendicectomy, with higher cost of this method. Though multiple prospective randomized trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews have been conducted to assess the value of LA over OA, the heterogeneity of the measured variables and other weaknesses in methodology have not allowed drawing definitive conclusions and generalizations.Methods: It is a prospective study comparing the advantage of laparoscopic over open appendicectomy.Results: The mean duration of hospital stay in both the study groups (OA and LA) 3.5 and 3.4 respectively. There was no significant return of bowel sounds, return to normal activity and surgical site infection. But cost for to be high with laparoscopic appendicectomy.Conclusions: There was no advantage of laparoscopic appendicectomy over open appendicectomy in terms of return of bowel sounds, return to normal activity and surgical site infection. But cost for to be high with lap appendectomy. To conclude, LA has no definite advantages over OA as per results of my study.

SNS(Facebook) 서비스 분석을 통한 지역광고 어플(App) 설계 및 구현

본 논문은 SNS(Social Network Service)와 연계된 지역광고 방법에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 특히, Facebook Page을 분석하여 지역광고에 활용 할 수 있는 방법을 찾고자 하였다. FaceBook Page 분석을 위해 2014년 7월부터 3개의 FaceBook Page(홍대앞, 강원대앞, 춘천뭐먹지?)를 직접 운영하였다. 각 Facebook Page들의 활동 결과에 대한 정량적인 결과 값들을 분석하였고, 또한, 각 Page의 네트워크 분석을 위해 NodeXL을 이용하였다. Facebook Page의 데이터를 분석한 결과, SNS와 연계된 지역광고에 대한 가능성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 향후 계속적인 연구와 실증을 위해, SNS와 연계된 실시간 지역광고 어플(App)을 설계하였고, Java 기반의 Android App과 php 기반의 Server 프로그램을 구현하였다. 향후, Facebook Page와 개발된 App의 운영된 데이터를 활용하여, 다양한 지역광고 방법에 대하여 연구가 가능할 것으로 기대한다. In this paper, we had tried to study advertising method of local industry in cooperation with SNS (Social Network Service). In particular, This paper analyzes the Facebook Page trying to find a way to take advantage of the local advertising. To analyse the Facebook page, I had created three Facebook pages such as at Hongik UNIV., Gangwon National UNIV., and specialities in Cuncheon cities. While I was managing the three pages, I had analyzed the results of quantities of activities, and in addition, had used NodeXL for the analysis of the network for the each page. After the analysis of the data of each page, I had found the possibility of the promotion for the successful the local advertizement associated with SNS. To verify and develop the results of my study, I had designed the " real time local advertising APP which is connected with SNS like Facebook, had created server program based on PHP, Android APP. In the future, I have found that there must be a lot of possibilities for the successful and various the local advertising methodologies by using SNS like Facebook, the operational data of the App.

GRANDMULTIPARAS

Intrapartum complications that are classically associated with grandmultiparasinclude fetal malpresentation, dysfunctional labour, chronic hypertension, abruptio placentae,postpartum haemorrhage and macrosomic babies. Excellent maternal and fetal outcome ispossible in grandmultiparas with improvement in health care system and free provision of healthfacilities to all pregnant women. Objectives: The objective of the study was: to find the frequencyof hypertension, placental abruption and primary postpartum hemorrhage in grandmultiparas.Study Design: It was a prospective study with descriptive pattern. Setting: Gynaecologyand Obstetric unit-I of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College Faisalabad. Period: January toJune 2006. Methods: Eighty patients were included in the study. Eighty grandmultiparas wererandomly selected for the study. Detailed evaluation of all patients was done by thorough history,examination and investigation. Patients were analyzed for complications during pregnancy,labour and delivery, especially hypertension, placental abruption and primary post partumhaemorrhage. Results: Hypertensive disorders found to be in 32 (33.8%), placental abruptionin 7(8.8%) and postpartum hemorrhage in 19( 23.8%) of grandmultiparas. Conclusions: It wasconcluded from the result of my study that grandmultiparity is still a major obstetric hazard indeveloping countries like Pakistan with higher incidence of complications. Safe maternal andperinatal outcome is possible in grandmultiparas with improvement in health care system andfree provision of health care facilities to all pregnant women.

Old Habits Die Hard: Political Patronage and Remittance-Led Development in Guanajuato, Mexico

The present study analyzes the role of collective remittances in promoting democratic consolidation amid the decentralization of political decision making in Mexico. Specifically, I analyze how the remittance-matching program 3×1 para Migrantes conditions municipal politics in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. To this end, I evaluate 3×1 para Migrantes investment patterns across Guanajuato’s forty-six municipalities for the period 2001–2011. The results of my study indicate that, under the right conditions, remittances channeled through the 3×1 program stimulate higher levels of voter participation and in this manner have the potential to contribute to democratic growth. However, data patterns also indicate that 3×1 investments share a positive correlation with election cycles, demonstrating that local authorities may use the 3×1 program to garner political support. In this respect, my analysis calls into question the depth of democratic consolidation at the municipal level in the state of Guanajuato.