Dietary Restriction Research Articles

Interplay of gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, and nutrition: New frontiers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease therapy

The gut-liver axis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Key metabolites, including lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, and beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, are pivotal in this process. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) show promise in managing MASLD by promoting weight loss, enhancing insulin secretion, and improving liver health. They restore gut-liver axis functionality, and their effects are amplified through dietary modifications and gut microbiome-targeted therapies. Emerging research highlights the interplay between GLP-1 RAs and gut microbiota, indicating that the gut microbiome significantly influences therapeutic outcomes. Metabolites produced by gut bacteria, can stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, further improving metabolic health. Integrating dietary interventions with GLP-1 RA treatment may enhance liver health by modulating the gut microbiota-SCFAs-GLP-1 pathway. Future research is needed to understand personalized effects, with prebiotics and probiotics offering treatment avenues for MASLD.

Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Obesity Associated with Eating Disorders

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective medications for managing obesity and related metabolic complications. However, their use presents specific challenges when obesity is coexisting with eating disorders. In such cases, the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1RAs could potentially exacerbate behaviors like dietary restriction and dietary restraint, two behavioral patterns that help sustain eating disorder psychopathology, thus complicating treatment for these disorders. Because of these concerns, it is essential for clinicians to screen for eating disorders before prescribing GLP-1RAs in individuals with overweight or obesity. Their use is currently contraindicated for patients with atypical anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or subthreshold bulimia nervosa, as GLP-1RAs could worsen the restrictive eating behaviors common in these conditions. Although some emerging research suggests that GLP-1RAs might reduce binge-eating episodes, there is not yet enough evidence to support their use specifically for treating binge-eating disorder (BED) and its associated psychopathology. According to new recommendations from cognitive behavior therapy for BED, GLP-1RAs may be cautiously considered in patients with clinical obesity who do not overvalue shape and weight, have no history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, and who have already made progress in adopting regular eating patterns and reducing binge-eating episodes.

Cultural Factors Influencing the Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in Pregnant Women in the Langke Majok Health Center Work Area

ntroduction: Nutrition of pregnant women is one of the focuses of attention in improving community nutrition because it has a significant impact on the condition of the fetus. Mothers with risk KEK can have a negative impact on him itself such as anemia, bleeding, the mother's weight is not increase in a way normal and caught disease infection. KEK on Mother pregnant can cause miscarriage, baby born dead, dead in content and disabled carry-on. Case KEK Which happen in Manggarai Regency is caused by many factors, one of which is is the eating culture of pregnant women influenced by culture area local. The research results show that pregnant women's eating practices are carried out because of beliefs and habits in the family. Biological parents encourage mothers to abstain from eating because of the habits and beliefs in the family. Food taboo habits in the family are divided into two, namely food taboos that are carried out because of the habits of the biological family and habits that follow the husband's family after marriage. The husband's parents were also found to be a driving force for the mother to abstain from eating. Community health centers need to provide education regarding dietary restrictions not only to pregnant women but also to families and the community so that the nutritional needs of pregnant women are met. Objective: Study This aiming for describe factor culture that influences the occurrence of KEK in pregnant women in the work area of Langke Majok Health Center, including the eating practices of pregnant women, the role of parents and the eating culture of pregnant women. Method: This type of research is qualitative with an ethnographic research design. The informants consist of informants The key is eight pregnant women with KEK and eight supporting informants, with the instrument used being an interview guideline conducted by means of in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is based on the approach taken by Miles and Huberman by means of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Results: Research results shows that mothers' eating practices pregnant done because of beliefs and customs which exists in the family which requires the mother to follow the habit. This is supported by the role of biological parents who require the mother to do food taboos because of the habits and beliefs in the family. In addition to following the habits of biological parents. Food taboos carried out by pregnant women because of the role husband's parents as giver information, because after Marry a wife must follow customs and beliefs who is in the family husband. Culture abstinence Eat Which There is in area local directly not require Mother pregnant for do food taboos, but the belief in the tradition of food taboos that exist in the biological family that is carried out by the mother during her life. In addition, in the tradition of Manggarai culture, when married, the wife follows the customs of the husband's family as a form of respect for her husband, marked by the wife living with her husband's parents. Conclusion: Eating practices are carried out because of beliefs and customs in the family. The role of parents in eating taboos as a provider of information on eating taboos to pregnant women, the culture of fasting at night in the local area does not require pregnant women to carry out eating taboos except to follow the beliefs and traditions that exist in the family.

Enrichment of trimethyl histone 3 lysine 4 in the Dlk1 and Grb10 genes affects pregnancy outcomes due to dietary manipulation of excess folic acid and low vitamin B12.

The aberrant expression of placental imprinted genes due to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy can impact fetal development. We investigated the impact of dietary modification of low vitamin B12 with varying doses of folic acid on the epigenetic control of imprinted genes and fetal development using a transgenerational model of C57BL/6J mice. The animals were kept on four distinct dietary combinations based on low vitamin B12 levels and modulated folic acid, mated in the F0 generation within each group. In the F1 generation, each group of mice is split into two subgroups; the sustained group was kept on the same diet, while the transient group was fed a regular control diet. After mating, maternal placenta (F1) and fetal tissues (F2) were isolated on day 20 of gestation. We observed a generation-wise opposite promoter CpG methylation and gene expression trend of the two developmental genes Dlk1 and Grb10, with enhanced gene expression in both the sustained and transient experimental groups in F1 placentae. When fetal development characteristics and gene expression were correlated, there was a substantial negative association between placental weight and Dlk1 expression (r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and between crown-rump length and Grb10 expression (r = -0.501, p < 0.05) in fetuses of the F2 generation. Consistent with these results, we also found that H3K4me3 at the promoter level of these genes is negatively associated with all fetal growth parameters. Overall, our findings suggest that balancing vitamin B12 and folic acid levels is important for maintaining the transcriptional status of imprinted genes and fetal development.

A Role for the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A New Conceptual Model.

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by a severely restrictive diet leading to significant physical and/or psychosocial sequelae. Largely owing to the phenotypic heterogeneity, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are relatively unknown. Recently, the communication between microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract and the brain-the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis-has been implicated in the pathophysiology of eating disorders. This Spotlight review sought to investigate and conceptualize the possible ways that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in ARFID to drive future research in this area. By relating core symptoms of ARFID to gut microbiota and its signaling pathways to the brain, we evaluated how the gut microbiota is potentially involved in the pathophysiology of ARFID. We hypothesized that the restricted type and amount of food intake characteristic of ARFID diminishes gut microbial diversity, including beneficial bacteria and their metabolites capable of signaling to the brain, to modulate biopsychological pathways relevant to ARFID: homeostatic signaling, food reward, interoception, sensory sensitivity, disgust, perseveration, fear-based learning, and mood. Candidate signaling mechanisms include microbial-induced effects on inflammation, cortisol, and neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. Through reviewing the extant evidence, we conceptualized a new theoretical framework of ARFID with an emphasis on microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling to inform future research. Although more research is necessary to evaluate this theoretical model, the tentative evidence suggests that therapeutics specifically targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of ARFID symptomatology warrants more investigation.

Knowledge Regarding Lactation Diet Among Caregivers of Postnatal Mothers in a View to Develop Information Booklet

Background: The role of primary caregiver is crucial in providing care to primigravida mothers in improving health by supporting breastfeeding. According to UNICEF poor nutrition taken by lactating mother is more affecting on infants as well as mothers health. Caregivers are most responsible for provision of postnatal care at hospital and at home too as they used their previous experiences during taking care of postnatal mothers. Food taboos during lactation are stronger than the pregnancy period. According to ministry of family and health welfare it is important to fill the gap between knowledge and practices. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and self-reported cultural practices regarding diet during lactation among caregivers with a view of developing information booklet. Methodology: Quantitative research approach is been adopted wherein the non-experimental exploratory research design was used for this study. Approval was taken from IEC, BV (DU) CON, Pune. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from caregivers which was validated from the experts and reliability, pilot study was done to conduct the study. The study was conducted on 200 caregivers of primipara postnatal mothers from selected hospitals of Pune city. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: Majority (73%) findings of the caregivers have average knowledge regarding diet during lactation and also it showed significant association between age, religion, relationship with postnatal mother and dietary pattern of postnatal mother. Conclusion: To conclude this study on basis of above findings, the aim of this study is achieved. Hence researcher has developed information booklet to update complete knowledge regarding diet during lactation also myths were discussed with the help of evidences.

Exploring the interaction between the gut microbiota and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases

The interaction between the gut microbiota and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in the host's central nervous system plays a crucial role in neurological diseases and enhances communication along the gut–brain axis. The gut microbiota influences the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway through its metabolites, which activates the vagus nerve and modulates the immune and neuroendocrine systems. Conversely, alterations in the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway can affect the composition of the gut microbiota, creating a dynamic network of microbial-host interactions. This reciprocal regulation affects neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter control, and behavioral traits, thus playing a role in the modulation of neurological diseases. The coordinated activity of the gut microbiota and the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway regulates processes such as amyloid-β protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal energy metabolism, microglial activation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter release, which collectively influence the onset and progression of neurological diseases. This study explores the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, along with its implications for potential therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases. Recent pharmacological research has shown that restoring the balance between gut flora and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may improve outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases and emotional disorders. This can be achieved through various methods such as dietary modifications, probiotic supplements, Chinese herbal extracts, combinations of Chinese herbs, and innovative dosage forms. These findings suggest that regulating the gut microbiota and cAMP-PKA signaling pathway may provide valuable evidence for developing novel therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases.

Oncogenic cholesterol rewires lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma via the CSNK2A1-IGF2R Ser2484 axis.

Alcohol consumption and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are common risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have focused on elucidating the mechanisms of HCC with combined alcohol and HBV etiology. We aimed to investigate the molecular features of alcohol and HBV on HCC and to seek out potential therapeutic strategies. Two independent cohorts of HCC patients (n = 539 and n = 140) were included to investigate HCC with synergetic alcohol and HBV (AB-HCC) background. Patient-derived cell lines, organoids, and xenografts were used to validate the metabolic fragile. High-throughput drug screening (1181 FDA-approved anticancer drugs) was leveraged to explore the potential therapeutic agents. Here, we delineated AB-HCC as a distinctive metabolic subtype, hallmarked by oncogenic cholesterol, through the integration of clinical cohorts, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and spatial transcriptome. Mechanistically, our findings revealed that cholesterol directly binds to CSNK2A1 (Casein Kinase 2 Alpha 1), augmenting its kinase activity and leading to phosphorylation of IGF2R (Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor) at Ser2484. This cascade rewires lipid-driven mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, spawns reactive oxygen species measured by malondialdehyde assay, and perpetuates a positive feedback loop for cholesterol biosynthesis, ultimately culminating in tumorigenesis. Initial transcriptional activation of CSNK2A1 is driven by upregulation of RAD21 in AB-HCC. Our cholesterol profiling exposes AB-HCC's compensatory mechanism of AB-HCC, which capitalizes on both uptake and biosynthesis of cholesterol to confer survival edge. Moreover, high-throughput drug screening coupled with in vivo validation has uncovered the susceptibilities of AB-HCC, which can be effectively addressed by a combination of dietary cholesterol restriction and oral administration of Fostamatinib. The CSNK2A1-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis pathway has been implicated in various cancers characterized by cholesterol metabolism. These findings not only pinpoint the oncogenic metabolite cholesterol as a hidden culprit in AB-HCC subtype, but also enlighten a novel combination strategy to rejuvenate tumor metabolism.

Harnessing Natural Language Processing (NLP) to Enhance Search Engine Performance

In the digital era characterized by an abundance of online information, efficient search engine tools are pivotal for navigating this vast ocean of content. Natural Language Processing (NLP), an offshoot of Artificial Intelligence, has emerged as a transformative force revolutionizing search engine, ensuring greater accuracy and efficacy in delivering search results. By Empowering Search Engines with NLP: NLP goes beyond the conventional keyword matching technique to unravel the genuine intent behind user queries, even when they are ambiguous or contain typos. Picture searching for the "best pizza near me" and receiving customized results tailored to your specific preferences, encompassing crust type, toppings, and individual dietary restrictions. Thanks to NLP, this is now within reach as it extracts the latent meaning concealed within apparently straightforward queries.

From microbes to medicine: harnessing the power of the microbiome in esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis, significantly influenced by dysbiosis in the esophageal, oral, and gut microbiota. This review provides an overview of the roles of microbiota dysbiosis in EC pathogenesis, emphasizing their impact on tumor progression, drug efficacy, biomarker discovery, and therapeutic interventions. Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut use are major contributors to dysbiosis and EC development. Recent studies utilizing advanced sequencing have revealed complex interactions between microbiota dysbiosis and EC, with oral pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum promoting inflammation and suppressing immune responses, thereby driving carcinogenesis. Altered esophageal microbiota, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pathogenic species, further exacerbate local inflammation and tumor growth. Gut microbiota dysbiosis also affects systemic immunity, influencing chemotherapy and immunotherapy efficacy, with certain bacteria enhancing or inhibiting treatment responses. Microbiota composition shows potential as a non-invasive biomarker for early detection, prognosis, and personalized therapy. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiota—such as probiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation—offer promising avenues to restore balance and improve treatment efficacy, potentially enhancing patient outcomes. Integrating microbiome-focused strategies into current therapeutic frameworks could improve EC management, reduce adverse effects, and enhance patient survival. These findings highlight the need for further research into microbiota-tumor interactions and microbial interventions to transform EC treatment and prevention, particularly in cases of late-stage diagnosis and poor treatment response.

Abstract 4135434: Effect of early nutritional guidance for patients with acute myocardial infarction: A single center retrospective cohort study

Introduction/Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) stands as a major global cause of mortality. Various intervention strategies, such as pre-hospital care, reperfusion therapies, pharmacological interventions, dietary modifications, and exercise therapies, have been researched to improve patient prognosis. Research Question: There remains a lack of evidence regarding the impact of early nutritionist-led dietary guidance on the prognosis of AMI patients. Aim: This study aimed to elucidate whether nutritional guidance by nutritionists who have national qualifications would improve the mortality and the primary composite endpoint (including acute decompensated heart failure, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome) of patients following an acute myocardial infarction. Methods/Approach: A retrospective cohort study enrolling 409 AMI patients who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary interventions between September 1, 2015, and October 31, 2023. Nutritionists guided 223 patients (54.5%) during hospitalization in this study. The nutritional guidance used in our study was also based on the definition of adequate caloric intake of 25–30 kcal per ideal body weight (kg). Under an appropriate total energy intake, a fat energy ratio of 20–25% and a carbohydrate energy ratio of 50–60% are recommended, with protein and lipid restrictions depending on the disease state. Results/Data: During a median follow-up of 39 months, 24 cases of all-cause mortality (5.9%) and 6 cases of cardiovascular mortality (1.5%) were recorded. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated significantly higher incidence rates of death and primary composite endpoints among patients without nutritional guidance during hospitalization. The multivariate Cox regression model revealed early nutritional guidance as a significant predictor for long-term mortality but not for primary composite endpoints. Furthermore, undernourished patients, defined as those with a geriatric nutritional risk index of 98 or less, showed a similar prognosis to those with good nutritional status after receiving nutritional guidance, indicating that nutritional guidance improves prognosis. Conclusion: Nutritionist-led dietary guidance for patients with AMI can potentially improve total mortality and is expected to be more effective in undernourished patients. Further research is warranted to explore the physiological impacts of improved diets resulting from such guidance and their effects on enhancing prognosis.

PHYSICAL REHABILITATION FOR YOUNG MEN WITH GRADE I AND II OBESITY

The goal of this study is to study the role of exercise and dietary modification in the treatment of obesity in young men. Materials and methods. A study was conducted with 10 young men aged 25 to 30 who had a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 30 kg/m², indicative of obesity. The primary intervention combined diet therapy with increased physical activity. Most participants also had obesity-related comorbidities, including arterial hypertension, autonomic-vascular dystonia, type II diabetes, and spinal osteochondrosis. Patient motivation was considered crucial in program development, and thus only individuals with a high motivation level were selected for participation. Results and discussion. Based on data from dynamic observations, we can state that the physical therapy program studied has a positive effect on body weight reduction in cases of mild forms of alimentary obesity. After three months of participation, an average weight loss of 8.5% was observed, which represents a very favorable outcome. The results indicate that physical exercises combined with dietary adjustments positively influence weight loss dynamics in young men with grade 1 alimentary obesity. Weight loss occurred most rapidly during the first month of the program. Conclusion. The physical therapy program for grade 1 obesity involves a comprehensive approach, combining physical exercises conducted in a medical rehabilitation department with a specially designed dietary plan. This program is recommended for individuals with mild forms of alimentary obesity and a body mass index (BMI) up to 35 kg/m². After three months of implementing this approach, participants showed an average reduction in excess body weight of 8.5%. This physical therapy program may be effectively used for managing grade I obesity.

Interventions for Managing Picky Eating in Preschool Children: Literature Review

Introduction: Picky eating in children is a widespread issue that can affect growth and development. Factors contributing to picky eating include parental influence, early feeding practices, and environmental conditions. Addressing picky eating behavior is crucial to prevent long-term negative effects on children's nutrition and health. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions, such as sensory education, parent training, oral interventions, massage, and diet adjustments, in improving picky eating behavior in children. Method: A review of 15 studies published between 2013 and 2023 was conducted, focusing on intervention programs for children aged 1-6 years. The studies were selected from databases like PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Result: Sensory education helped reduce food rejection by familiarizing children with new foods. Parent training, including cooking classes and the Baby Led Weaning (BLW) method, effectively reduced picky eating. Oral interventions, such as herbal remedies and appetite-enhancing supplements, showed positive outcomes. Massage techniques like Tui Na and tailored dietary plans also contributed to better eating habits in both underweight and overweight children. Conclusion: Interventions including sensory education, parental training, oral treatments, massage, and diet modifications can significantly improve eating behaviors in picky eater children, promoting healthier nutrition and growth.

TMET-19. REWIRING OF CORTICAL GLUCOSE METABOLISM FUELS HUMAN BRAIN CANCER GROWTH

Abstract The brain avidly consumes glucose to fuel neurophysiology. Cancers of the brain, such as glioblastoma (GBM), lose aspects of normal biology and gain the ability to proliferate and invade healthy tissue. How brain cancers rewire glucose utilization to fuel these processes is poorly understood. Here we perform infusions of 13C-labeled glucose into patients and mice with brain cancer to define the metabolic fates of glucose-derived carbon in tumor and cortex. By combining these measurements with quantitative metabolic flux analysis, we find that human cortex funnels glucose-derived carbons towards physiologic processes including TCA cycle oxidation and neurotransmitter synthesis. In contrast, brain cancers downregulate these physiologic processes, scavenge alternative carbon sources from the environment, and instead use glucose-derived carbons to produce molecules needed for proliferation and invasion. In particular, we find that cortical tissue produces its own glucose-derived serine, whereas gliomas predominantly consume serine from the environment. Targeting this metabolic rewiring in mice through dietary modulation selectively alters GBM metabolism and slows tumor growth. Combining dietary serine restriction with chemoradiation reduces brain tumor growth in mice, suggesting that such a dietary intervention could improve outcomes for patients with high grade glioma.

The effects of death anxiety on diet-fluid restriction non-adherence in hemodialysis patients.

The study was performed to examine the effects of death anxiety on diet-fluid restriction non-adherence in hemodialysis patients. This descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was performed with 118 hemodialysis patients who received treatment in the dialysis unit of a university hospital and a state hospital in Elazığ, eastern Turkey. The study data were obtained with the "Descriptive Data Form", "Death Anxiety Scale", and "Dietary and Fluid Restriction Non-Adherence Scale". The average Death Anxiety Scale total score of the patients was 10.00 ± 4.75. The "Duration of non-adherence with diet" mean score was 1.66 ± 1.70, "Degree of non-adherence with diet" mean score was 1.24 ± 1.19, "Duration of non-adherence with fluid restriction" mean score was 1.61 ± 1.71, and "Degree of non-adherence with fluid restriction" mean score was 1.16 ± 1.13. The independent variable Death Anxiety Scale significantly and negatively affected the dependent variable "Duration of non-adherence with diet", "Degree of non-adherence with diet", "Duration of non-adherence with fluid restriction", and "Degree of non-adherence with fluid restriction". Hemodialysis patients face serious death anxiety, their degree of non-adherence with diet-fluid restriction was low as death anxiety scores increased, and the degree of non-adherence with diet-fluid restriction decreased.

Large-scale metagenomic analysis of oral microbiomes reveals markers for autism spectrum disorders.

The link between the oral microbiome and neurodevelopmental disorders remains a compelling hypothesis, still requiring confirmation in large-scale datasets. Leveraging over 7000 whole-genome sequenced salivary samples from 2025 US families with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), our cross-sectional study shows that the oral microbiome composition can discriminate ASD subjects from neurotypical siblings (NTs, AUC = 0.66), with 108 differentiating species (q < 0.005). The relative abundance of these species is highly correlated with cognitive impairment as measured by Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ). ASD children with IQ < 70 also exhibit lower microbiome strain sharing with parents (p < 10-6) with respect to NTs. A two-pronged functional enrichment analysis suggests the contribution of enzymes from the serotonin, GABA, and dopamine degradation pathways to the distinct microbial community compositions observed between ASD and NT samples. Although measures of restrictive eating diet and proxies of oral hygiene show relatively minor effects on the microbiome composition, the observed associations with ASD and IQ may still represent unaccounted-for underlying differences in lifestyleamong groups. While causal relationships could not be established, our study provides substantial support to the investigation of oral microbiome biomarkers in ASD.

CNSC-68. SEX DIFFERENCES IN GLYCINE BIOSYNTHESIS DRIVE RESPONSES TO COMBINED NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION IN PEDIATRIC HGG

Abstract In children and adults, high-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the most common and deadly primary brain malignancies. Generally, male HGGs occur at higher incidence and demonstrate more rapid proliferation, resulting in shorter overall male survival. Obscurity of molecular mechanisms driving this phenomenon prevents implementation of clinically effective treatments. Recently, a positive correlation between HGG cellular proliferation and metabolic reprogramming toward glycine biosynthesis was identified. By analyzing pediatric and adult HGG patient data, we discovered significantly worse outcomes unique to pediatric males bearing upregulation of serine and glycine biosynthesis transcripts. Previously, we have identified differential flux of glucose into serine and glycine biosynthesis drives sex differences in lung cancer. Therefore, we sought to confirm and target this paradigm in our NF1-/- DNp53 model of HGG. By performing metabolic tracing with [13C]-labeled glucose in male and female cells, we identified higher enrichment of [13C]-labeled serine and glycine in male cells relative to female cells. Through Western blotting, we identify male-specific upregulation of serine and glycine biosynthetic pathway enzymes in transformed cells, supporting our labelling results. Next, we sought to determine if inhibition of de-novo serine and glycine biosynthesis was similarly sex-biased. Utilizing serine-and-glycine-deprived media conditions, we identified a male-biased decrease in proliferation following pharmacological inhibition of de-novo serine and glycine biosynthesis. More precisely, in the absence of exogenous glycine, we discovered that inhibition of de-novo synthesis of glycine from serine drove male-specific decreases in proliferation. Additionally, we identified that transformed female cell robustness against inhibition of glycine biosynthesis is driven by the uptake of exogenous nucleotide precursors. These data confirm that sex differences in de-novo glycine biosynthesis drive sex differences in HGG cellular proliferation. As well, our work suggests that dietary restriction of serine and glycine, in-combination with pharmacological inhibition of de-novo glycine biosynthesis, represents a novel treatment paradigm.

Clinical management of constipation – the role of physical activity - systematic review

Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that affects a significant portion of the global population, yet its management remains challenging due to its complex etiology. This review explores the potential benefits and mechanisms of physical activity in alleviating constipation symptoms. We examined recent studies on the physiological effects of various exercise types and intensities on bowel movements, gastrointestinal blood flow, and microbiome composition. Our findings suggest that aerobic exercise enhances colonic motility and accelerates gastrointestinal transit, though the effects vary depending on exercise duration and intensity. While light to moderate physical activity (less than 60 minutes) appears beneficial, prolonged or intense exercise may inhibit motility and exacerbate symptoms. Additionally, exercise-induced changes in the gut microbiome and blood flow dynamics were observed, influencing stool consistency and colonic function. However, the interplay between diet, hydration, and physical activity is crucial, as adequate dietary fiber and hydration are essential for optimizing exercise's impact on constipation. Although evidence supports the role of physical activity in managing constipation, further research is needed to clarify the most effective exercise regimens and their integration with dietary and lifestyle modifications.

Dietary recommendations of the Moroccan Society of Rheumatology (SMR) for patients with ostéosarcopenia.

The objective of this study was to develop the first Moroccan recommendations concerning nutrition in patients with osteosarcopenia. A steering committee consisting of rheumatologists and nutritionists drafted the initial version of the recommendations in light of the literature review and the recommendations of international societies. The draft was reviewed by a reading committee of 13 experts to approve the final version. Four overarching principles and ten recommendations were established. The overarching principles emphasize that nutritional advice is not a substitute for the pharmacological treatment of osteosarcopenia. Instead, it should be based on scientific evidence and take into account the specific characteristics of Moroccan society. The recommendations emphasize the significance of adequate calcium and vitamin D intake while evaluating the benefit-risk ratio in instances where calcium supplementation is indicated. A balanced intake of trace elements, vitamins, proteins, and dairy products should be maintained. The Mediterranean diet is recommended, while vegetarian diets and restrictive diets in individuals who are not overweight are not advised. It is recommended that individuals who fast during Ramadan consume a varied and balanced diet. It is recommended that the consumption of soft drinks and alcohol be limited. The consumption of phytoestrogens from food in moderation is considered beneficial as part of a balanced diet. Nevertheless, the use of supplements is not advised. The purpose of this work is to provide Moroccan rheumatologists with a practical tool to improve the nutritional aspect in patients with osteosarcopenia.

Effects of bariatric surgery on hyperuricemia and gout: a systematic review of the literature.

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, and it is due to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the articular and extra-articular tissues. Body mass index is strongly correlated with elevated serum uric acid levels and gout is often associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recommended nonpharmacological treatments for hyperuricemia and gout include dietary modifications and weight loss. Many studies have demonstrated that weight loss could reduce serum urate in patients with obesity and it is a commonly recommended treatment for gout. Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss exerts beneficial effects on hyperuricemia and gout, even if a possible raise of gout flares can be observed in patients with hyperuricemia early after surgery. The aim of this review is to systematically analyze all the studies published so far reporting a link between hyperuricemia and/or gout and bariatric surgery to obtain reliable figures on the incidence of this disease and describe the mechanisms underlying this association. Eleven studies accounting for 11,256 patients were included in the review. Mean preoperative prevalence of gout was 4.1%, while the preoperative prevalence of hyperuricemia ranged from 30.6% to 58%. After a mean follow-up of 8.5months, postoperative prevalence of gout significantly decreased to 2.9% (p < .007). The incidence of gout flares after bariatric surgery was higher in the early postoperative phase and progressively decreased over time. Similarly, serum uric acid concentrations showed an increase within the first postoperative month, which was followed by a progressive decrease below the preoperative value.