Restorative Materials Research Articles

The effect of soaking blimbi (Averrhoa blimbi, L) fruit extract on the roughness of nanofiller composite resin

Background Nanofiller composite resin is a restorative material or filling material that is activated by visible light to restore anterior and posterior teeth. One of the characteristics of the composite resin surface is surface roughness. Surface roughness is greatly influenced by acidic solutions, namely the acid in drinks. Objective: To determine the effect of soaking blimbi fruit extract (Averrhoa blimbi L.) on the roughness of nanofiller composite resin. Research Method: This research uses laboratory experimental research. The sampling method used 6 sample groups in each group, consisting of 4 groups, namely 2 treatment groups and 2 control groups. The treatment group consisted of 50% and 100% blimbi fruit extract, then the control group consisted of a positive control grup (citric acid) and a negative control (aquadest). Then a surface roughness test was carried out on each group using a Surface Roughness Tester tool, then the test data was analyzed using the One-Way Anova test with the condition that the data had to be normal and homogeneous, the condition for the One-Way Anova test was that the sig value Sig <0.05. Results: Based on analysis using One-Way Anova, the sig 0.518 (p>0.05), which means there are no significant differences in each sample group. Conclusion: There is no influence on the roughness of the nanofiller composite resin by soaking in star fruit extract (Averrhoa blimbi, L) because the value difference is not significant.

Evaluation of Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Activa Pronto and Beautifil flow plus - An Invitro Study

Introduction: The development of dental restorative materials has focused on improving mechanical and aesthetic qualities, with resin-based composites becoming widely used due to their ability to mimic natural teeth. These composites consist of a resin matrix, inorganic fillers, and a silane coupling agent, and their success depends on a high degree of polymerization. The degree of conversion (DC) affects the material's wear resistance, hardness, and longevity. To evaluate and compare the degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness of Activa Pronto and Beautifil Flow Plus composite resins.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, specimens of Activa Pronto (Pulpdent, USA) and Beautifil Flow Plus (Shofu, Japan) were prepared according to ISO 4049 standards. The degree of conversion was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microhardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. A total of 30 discs per material were subjected to both tests, and the results were statistically analysed.Results: The degree of conversion was significantly higher for Activa Pronto (16.09%) compared to Beautifil Flow Plus (13.81%). Similarly, Activa Pronto demonstrated a significantly greater mean microhardness (34.98 VHN) than Beautifil Flow Plus (23.53 VHN), with p < 0.001 for both comparisons.Conclusion: Activa Pronto exhibits superior polymerization and microhardness compared to Beautifil Flow Plus, suggesting that it is a more durable material suitable for stress-bearing restorations.

Evaluation of Colour Stability of Activa Pronto and Beautifil Flow Plus in Three Different Solutions - An In Vitro Study

Objective: To assess the colour stability of two bioactive restorative materials Activa Pronto (Pulpdent, USA) and Beautifil Flow Plus (Shofu, Japan) when exposed to three commonly consumed beverages: coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola.Materials and Methods: 80 disc-shaped specimens were prepared, 40 samples each of the material and were divided into four groups based on the staining solution, which included: distilled water (control), coffee, tea, and Coca-Cola. The specimens were placed in the respective solution for 30 days. Solutions were replaced daily to avoid contamination. Color measurements were performed before (baseline) and after 30 days using a VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer, and the colour changes (ΔE) were calculated in the CIE Lab* system.Results: For the ΔE values, Activa Pronto showed significantly lower values than Beautifil Flow Plus in both coffee (p=0.001) and Coca-Cola (p=0.000) solutions. In the tea group, no significant difference was observed (p=0.223). Activa Pronto generally had more stable color, especially in acidic and staining solutions like coffee and Coca-Cola solutions.Conclusion: Activa Pronto presented greater color stability than Beautifil Flow Plus; therefore, it is a more suitable material for patients who would take much notice of the aesthetic appearances of their restorations in the long term. The most stained materials by Coca-Cola and coffee meant further investigation into the long-term clinical behaviour of these materials was essential.

Effect of sintering temperature on color stability and translucency of various zirconia systems after immersion in coffee solution.

Achieving the aesthetic standards in tooth-colored restorative materials requires close attention to their color, translucency, and resistance to discoloration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sintering temperature on color stability and translucency in zirconia systems with low, high, and ultra-high translucencies. This experimental study was conducted on 60 zirconia disks with low, high and ultra-high translucencies (n = 20 per group), each group divided into subgroups to be sintered at either 1450°C or 1550°C (n = 10 per subgroup). Baseline color and translucency parameters were measured, the specimens were then immersed in coffee solution for 30 days, and the measurements were repeated post-immersion. Changes in color (ΔE) and translucency (ΔTP) were calculated via CIELAB formula and compared by using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results of two-way ANOVA showed that the ΔE was significantly different among the three zirconia translucencies (P<0.001), but no significant difference was found between the two sintering temperatures (P = 0.712). Additionally, the interaction between zirconia type and sintering temperature was not statistically significant for ΔE (P = 0.264). The low-translucency group showed significantly greater ΔE than the high-translucency and ultra-high-translucency groups (P<0.05), while the high- and ultra-high-translucency groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Regarding the ΔTP, two-way ANOVA showed that the difference was not statistically significant either among the three zirconia types (P = 0.4430) or between the two sintering temperatures (P = 0.4544). Nor was the interaction between zirconia type and sintering temperature statistically significant (P = 0.5505). It was concluded that sintering temperature had no effect on color and translucency changes after immersion in coffee. Whereas zirconia type significantly affected the color changes after immersion in coffee; with the higher-translucency zirconia types being significantly more color-stable than the low-translucency zirconia.

Comparative Analysis of Modern 3D-Printed Hybrid Resin-Ceramic Materials for Indirect Restorations: An In Vitro Study

The study investigated the impact of aging on surface roughness, color stability, and biocompatibility of hybrid resin-ceramic materials. A total of 225 specimens were produced from three three-dimensional (3D)-printed (HarzLabs Dental Sand Pro (HL), BEGO VarseoSmile Crown plus (BV), Voco V-Print c&amp;b temp (VV)) and one milled material (Voco Grandio Blocs (VG)). Specimens were grouped into untreated, polished, and glazed surfaces. 5000 thermal cycles simulated aging. Surface roughness and color stability were analyzed, and surface topography was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biocompatibility was evaluated with L929 cells. Surface roughness differed significantly between untreated and other groups, with no changes before and after artificial aging. Untreated milled samples were significantly smoother than 3D-printed ones. SEM analysis revealed roughest surfaces in untreated 3D-printed specimens. Polished and glazed specimens were smoother than untreated ones. Color values showed significant differences between untreated and treated/aged groups. No material showed cytotoxicity. In summary, untreated VG was smoother than 3D-printed materials, but polishing and glazing reduced roughness to levels comparable to VG. Surface treatments induced color changes, with glazing causing more changes than polishing. Aging affected color stability and biocompatibility but not surface roughness. All materials showed acceptable color changes and good biocompatibility.

Survival and Complication Rates of Feldspathic, Leucite-Reinforced, Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Ceramic Laminate Veneers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To analyze survival and complication rates for anterior and premolar laminate-veneers out of different ceramic materials (feldspathic, leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic [LRGC], lithium-disilicate [LDS] and zirconia). A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases for clinical studies on ceramic laminate-veneers with a minimum-follow-up of ≥ 1 year. The date of last search was on February 19, 2024. Survival, technical, esthetic and biological events were assessed for different laminate-veneer materials at three observation periods (short- [1-3 years], mid- [4-6 years] and long-term [≥ 7 years]). Twenty-nine studies were included. Meta-analysis revealed a pooled survival-rate of 96.13% for feldspathic, 93.70% for LRGC and 96.81% for LDS at 10.4 years. No difference was found between materials. Complication rates (technical/esthetic/biological) were as follows: Feldspathic: 41.48%/19.64%/6.51%; LRGC: 29.87%/17.89%/4.4%; LDS: 6.1%/1.9%/0.45% at 10.4 years. Zirconia showed a 100% survival-rate with no complications at 2.6 years. No long-term data was available for zirconia. Feldspathic, LRGC and LDS laminate-veneers showed high survival-rates at long-term observation. LDS slightly outperforms feldspathic and LRGC laminate-veneers with lower long-term complication rates. More studies providing long-term data on zirconia laminate-veneers are needed. Ceramic laminate-veneers are a reliable treatment option. LDS may be preferred as a restorative material for long-term success.

A clinical approach for no prep direct composite veneers with opaquer/ tint to reshape a smile: a case report

Dental aesthetic has a profound influence on both self-esteem and social interactions. Patients desire changes in their smiles, while dentists aim for the preservation of dental and adjacent structures, as well as durability. In this context, no-prep resin veneers emerge as a potential solution, as they allow for the preservation of the maximum amount of healthy dental structure, pulp integrity, and dental strength. Nevertheless, treating darkened substrates poses a challenge, and conservative options like composite resins have gained recognition as restorative materials due to their aesthetic qualities and ability to preserve healthy dental tissue. A protocol can help dentists, especially by describing the stages of making direct no-prep veneers, achieving better clinical success. This article presents a clinical step-by-step guide approach to fabricating light-cured composite prepless veneers, using opaque and tints to mask dark backgrounds, and preserving the dental substrate in a patient with multiple restorations, changes in color, and shape. Light-cured composite prepless veneers comply with the principles of biomimetics and offer advantages such as conservation of dental structures, versatility, one-session preparation, cost, mechanical properties, and excellent aesthetics, however, skill with this technique is required.

Facile Preparation and Study of Self-Healing Water-Absorbing Expanding Elastomers.

The absorbent expansion elastomer plays a crucial role in engineering sealing and holds a promising future in this field as infrastructure continues to develop. Traditional materials have their limitations, especially when used in large construction projects where the integrity and reliability of the material are of utmost importance. In this work, a self-healing water-absorbing expansion elastomer was developed for continuous production at a large scale to monitor the sealing conditions of massive infrastructure projects. At room temperature, the material exhibited a repairing efficiency of 57.77 % within 2 h, which increased to 84.02 % after 12 h. This extended reaction time allowed for effective repairs when defects were detected. The material's strength can attain 3 MPa, placing it at the upper echelon among common self-healing materials, thereby granting it a certain level of durability in its application environment. The material's volume expansion rate reached 200-400 % to achieve effective sealing, and the functional filling of the filler endowed the material itself with a favorable external force induction effect and prevented heat accumulation. The conductive detection performance of the absorbent expansion elastomer was improved by utilizing triple self-healing strategies, including dipole-dipole interaction, ion cross-linked network, and externally-aided restoration materials. These strategies were combined with a double packing strategy to enhance the material's properties. This innovative elastomer can be applied in various fields such as tunnel construction, infrastructure development, aerospace sealing, and railway transportation, showcasing significant potential for diverse engineering applications.

Exploring Dentists’ Preferences in Selecting Adhesive Systems: A Survey Analysis

Dental adhesives play a crucial role in modern dentistry by enabling the bonding of diverse restorative materials to tooth surfaces. These systems have evolved through seven generations, each characterized by unique chemical compositions and application techniques. The advancements in dental adhesives have significantly impacted restorative dentistry by preserving tooth structure, enhancing aesthetics, and ultimately improving patient outcomes and treatment options. The choice of adhesive system depends on various factors, including the clinical scenario, material compatibility, and dentist preference. Ongoing advancements in adhesive technology continue to enhance treatment outcomes and streamline procedures for dental practitioners. The development of universal adhesives capable of functioning in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes has further simplified clinical protocols. This study is an observational cross-sectional study conducted among Romanian dentists. A questionnaire was distributed via email to Romanian dentists, encompassing seven questions that explored the predominant use of etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesive systems, preferred adhesive types, and commonly encountered challenges in direct restorations. Statistical analyses were conducted using DATAtab version (2024). The study highlighted the varying preferences among Romanian dentists in selecting suitable adhesive agents. Etch-and-rinse (ER) techniques predominated in direct restorations, with universal adhesives being the most frequently used. Further investigation is warranted to delve into the preferences of Romanian dentists regarding the utilization of self-etch (SE), etch-and-rinse (ER), and universal adhesives (UAs).

Exploring the mechanical and biological properties of a resin-ceramic composite with biomimetic nacre structure containing zinc used for prosthodontics

Enhancement of the mechanical and biological properties of dental restoration materials is of significant importance. Drawing inspiration from the architecture and mechanical properties of natural nacre, we employed a low-cost accumulative rolling process to develop resin-ceramic composites with suitable hardness and high toughness. Plate-like aluminum oxide powder with diameters of 5–10 μm and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) with antibacterial properties were mixed as the ceramic phase of the composite. Aluminum oxide ceramic plates were stacked using an accumulative rolling process to achieve a consistent orientation, followed by sintering to obtain porous ceramic scaffolds. The ceramic scaffolds were subsequently immersed in methyl methacrylate resin to complete the fabrication of the biomimetic composites. The mechanical and biological properties of the composites were comprehensively tested. The composites had a suitable hardness (1.09–1.63 GPa), excellent flexural strength (156.7–167.8 MPa), and fracture toughness (KIC = 2.66–3.59 MPa m1/2). Biomimetic composites are expected to mitigate the wear of natural teeth without developing fractures or deformations, while also exhibiting excellent cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity. This study investigated the factors influencing crack propagation in fracture tests and provided insights into enhancing the toughness of dental restorative materials. The biomimetic resin-ceramic composites containing Zn developed in this study have the potential to be used as functional dental restoration materials.

Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most-Cited Articles on the Methods of Shade-Matching in Dentistry.

The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to identify the 100 most cited articles and delve into citation metrics to gain insights into the evolving trends in shade-matching methods in dentistry. Following PRISMA guidelines, two reviewers conducted a structured search in Scopus using keyword-based search strings. The top 100 articles were selected based on predefined criteria, and their bibliometric data were extracted. Harzing's Publish Or Perish and VOSviewer were used to generate the bibliographic network. Between 1989 and 2017, the top 100 articles were published and obtained citations ranging from 560 to 48. Twenty-eight articles received over 100 citations, deemed classic. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry and the United States of America were the primary contributors. In-vitro experimental studies employing restorative material samples were prevalent, with spectrophotometers being the favored method of color analysis. Using Python, Spearman's correlation coefficient resealed positive correlations between citation count and age of publication (r = 0.16, p = 0.12) and between citation count and the impact factor of the journal (r = 0.35, p < 0.05). However, a negative correlation was observed between citation density and age of publication (r = -0.46, p < 0.05). This study demonstrated a significant upward trajectory of citation count in shade-matching in dentistry, reflecting high-quality scientific contributions.

Shear bond strength evaluation of bioactive restorative materials on pretreated carious dentin-influence on silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and glutathione

Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has gained popularity for its caries-arresting properties, yet its tendency to cause esthetic concerns due to black-staining limits its widespread acceptance. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of Activa BioActive and Giomer restorative material with different protocols of SDF pretreatment on carious dentin. Materials and Methods: Ninety-two extracted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, sectioned 1 mm into dentin, mounted in acrylic resin and randomly divided into four (n = 8) control and six (n = 10) experimental groups. Seventy-six samples underwent demineralization process for a period of 14 days for artificial carious dentin (ACD) formation. The samples categorized based on the dentin substrate (sound or ACD) were subjected to various SDF pretreatment protocols, i.e., only SDF, SDF with potassium iodide (KI), and SDF with glutathione (GSH). Further, bioactive restorative materials, i.e., Activa BioActive and Giomer (Beautifil II), were placed on it, and the samples were subjected to shear bond strength testing. Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test was run to analyze the values obtained. Results: Giomer exhibited better mean bond strength with SDF, SDF + KI, and SDF + GSH (6.56, 4.67, and 3.34 mega-pascals [MPa], respectively) compared to Activa BioActive (3.42, 3.27, and 2.96 MPa, respectively). Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding the interplay between SDF application protocols, esthetic concerns, and the adhesive properties of bioactive restorative materials. Giomer exhibited enhanced bond strength after SDF application, unlike Activa BioActive. In addition, incorporation of KI or GSH adversely affected the bond strength of both the restorative materials, underscoring the critical need for cautious clinical application. Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate dentin pretreatment agents to maximize the bond strength of bioactive restorative materials with carious dentin. SDF application significantly enhanced the bond strength of Giomer with carious dentin compared to Activa BioActive, thus, making it a good choice for restoring nonesthetic areas. In addition, the application of KI or GSH to mitigate discoloration of carious dentin negatively affected the bond strength of both, Activa BioActive and Giomer. Thus, the clinicians should weigh the benefits of SDF against potential bond strength reductions when using KI or GSH, especially for esthetic restorations.

Proposing Novel Biological Scaffolds for the Regeneration of the Dura Mater

ABSTRACTThe dura mater protects underlying tissues and cerebrospinal fluid, but dural abnormalities can cause leaking and meningitis and wound infections. This review emphasizes the relevance of dural repair and the progress of dural reconstruction materials, focusing on biological scaffolds. A comprehensive assessment of dural substitution literature focused on composite, acellular, natural, synthetic, and homologous materials. Decellularized dura scaffolds as viable natural biomaterials for tissue engineering are explored in this overview of these materials' properties, effectiveness, and therapeutic uses. The evaluation also compares materials and assesses host tissue response in preclinical and clinical studies. The review highlights various dural substitution findings. There is no gold standard for dural repair, despite the variety of materials used. Replicating natural dura mater's mechanical and structural qualities is difficult. Recent research suggests that decellularized dura scaffolds can regenerate tissue while reducing inflammation and transplant rejection. Furthermore, the movement toward personalized medicine in this sector suggests that bespoke alternatives might be chosen depending on patient characteristics, improving treatment effects. Synthesizing dural replacement research and clinical uses in this review adds to knowledge. It tackles standard materials' shortcomings and shows how biological scaffolds might improve dural repair. The analysis opens the door to personalized dural repair research that might enhance patient outcomes and advance neurosurgery. The insights presented herein highlight the intriguing prospects for appropriate dural restorative materials, seeking to improve dural defect treatment.

Assessments and Investigation of Process Parameter Impacts on Surface Roughness, Microstructure, Tensile Strength, and Porosity of 3Dprinted Polyetherether Ketone (PEEK) Materials:

Additive manufacturing (AM) is emerging as a competitive technology with promising applications across various sectors, including biomedical, automotive, construction, and dental implants. This study investigates the influence of key process parameters on the surface roughness, microstructure, tensile strength, and porosity of Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK), a high-performance thermoplastic used in dental prosthetics. Traditionally, metals and ceramics have been the standard for dental restorations, but advancements in computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) have improved accuracy, particularly for implant-supported prostheses. However, conventional methods like CAD-milling face challenges such as material waste and tool wear. AM techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), offer a solution by constructing objects layer by layer, minimizing waste. This research explores the effects of nozzle temperature on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK, emphasizing its role in optimizing performance and minimizing issues like porosity. Key factors like surface roughness and microstructure are highlighted as critical to the biocompatibility and longevity of dental restorations. The study identifies the optimal nozzle temperature range for PEEK 380-440°C, noting that deviations from this range lead to compromised mechanical properties. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the AM process for PEEK in dental applications and suggest that further biological and chemical studies are necessary to fully realize the material's potential in replacing traditional dental restoration materials.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Provisional 3DPrinted Resin After Repair with Different Materials: An In-Vitro Study.

To evaluate the mechanical properties of the 3D printed provisional restoration material that was repaired using different materials. The bar specimens have been manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology in accordance with the ISO 10477:2020 standards and divided into 5 groups randomly. For repair material application and replacement on the standardized silicone mold, the test specimens were ground at the center by 1x2x2 mm. No grinding was done on the control group specimens. Flowable composite, bis-acrylic composite resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, and temporary 3D printing resin are utilized as repair materials (n=16). The specimens underwent a three-point-bending (3PB) test, with a cross-head speed of 1mm/min, in order to assess their flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM). The data received statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. A Weibull analysis was performed, and the Weibull modulus of specimens was calculated. Control group specimens were showed the highest FS (142±12.6 MPa) and FM (4497±1205 MPa) values. Among the test groups, the utilization of temporary 3D printing resin as a repair material exhibited the greatest FS (67±33.3 MPa) values and showed statistical significance when compared to all other groups. Repairing 3D-printed provisional resin material weakens its mechanical properties. However, utilizing the own resin made of 3D-printed provisional resin material can be an effective choice for implementing minor modifications and additions.

Surface characteristics, cytotoxicity, and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed hybrid resin-ceramic materials for definitive restoration

ObjectiveThis study investigated the surface properties, cytotoxicity, and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed specimens made from hybrid resin-ceramic materials intended for use in definitive crowns. MethodsDisc-shaped specimens were 3D-printed using six different hybrid resin-ceramic materials recommended for definitive restorations: Crowntec (CT), VarseoSmile Crown Plus (VS), Tera Harz TC-80DP Graphy (TH), C&B Permanent ODS (CB), Formlabs Permanent Crown (FP), and HeyGears (HG). Surface topography, surface roughness, and water contact angle values were measured for each material (n = 6). Cytotoxicity was assessed using direct contact and extract tests on human gingival fibroblasts (n = 4). Additionally, the adhesion of mixed oral bacteria to the surfaces of the specimens was evaluated by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) after a 2-hour incubation period (n=6). ResultsThe TH group exhibited significantly lower surface roughness (Ra: 0.28 ± 0.13 μm) compared to the other materials (CT: 1.87 ± 0.34 μm; VS: 1.13 ± 0.09 μm; CB: 2.91 ± 0.27 μm; FP: 2.50 ± 0.08 μm; HG: 1.50 ± 0.55 μm). The VS group had the highest water contact angle (129.5 ± 1.1°), indicating greater hydrophobicity, in contrast to the other groups (CT: 72.6 ± 2.1°; TH: 75.0 ± 0.3°; CB: 69.1 ± 0.2°; FP: 93.0 ± 1.6°; HG: 77.7 ± 0.3°). Cytotoxicity testing showed no harmful effects, as relative cell viability exceeded 70%, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release remained below 30% for all materials. The TH specimens also demonstrated the lowest bacterial adhesion. ConclusionsThe surface characteristics of the tested resin-ceramic materials varied significantly, with TH showing the smoothest surface and the least bacterial adhesion. All materials were found to be non-toxic. Therefore, TH material has the potential to provide definitive restorations with less microbial adhesion. Clinical SignificanceThe type of resin-ceramic material significantly affects the surface properties of 3D-printed specimens. These findings are crucial for selecting the appropriate resin-ceramic material for definitive restorations.

Effects of Finishing on Surface Roughness of Four Different Glass-Ionomer Cements and One Alkasite: In Vitro Investigation over Time Using Aging Simulation

In 2017, Europe implemented a ban on amalgam restorations for children aged &lt;15 years and for pregnant/breastfeeding women, highlighting the need for alternative filling materials exhibiting less surface roughness and enhanced longevity. This in vitro study aimed to examine the surface roughness variations of five amalgam-replacement materials across three time points and using six finishing methods: (1) no finishing (control), (2) Arkansas burs, (3) diamond burs, (4) tungsten carbide burs, (5) SofLex discs in descending grit size, and (6) coarse SofLex discs combined with silicone polishing. We prepared 960 samples. Each material group, i.e., Cention Forte (CNF), DeltaFil (DLF), Ketac Universal (KTU), IonoStar Molar (ISM), and Equia Forte HT (EQF), comprised 60 samples (n = 10 per finishing method) created using standardized 3D-printed metal molds. Surface roughness (Sa) was measured immediately after finishing, after 30 days of storage in distilled water, and after thermocycling (5000 cycles) using a non-contact profilometer. The results indicate that conventional and hybrid glass-ionomer cements have smoother surfaces than high-viscosity GICs. The DLF and CNF groups exhibited stable outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate finishing methods based on the restorative material to minimize surface roughness.

Design and Development of Infiltration Resins: From Based Monomer Structure to Resin Properties.

The resin infiltration technology concept is one of the most widely used minimally invasive restorative techniques in restorative dentistry with the most outstanding therapeutic effect, and it is also one of the key research directions in restorative dentistry. "Infiltration resin" is the specialty restorative material for the technology, which is the key factor to success. The specialized restorative material is commonly known as "infiltrant/infiltration resins" "resins infiltrant" "infiltrant" or "resins," which will be consistently referred to as "infiltration resins" throughout the article.-The paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of infiltration resins by introducing the development of their therapeutic mechanisms, basic components, current challenges, and future trends, Based on existing literature, we analyze and compare how changes in the base monomer's structure and ratio affect the effectiveness of infiltration resins, from the material's structure-effective relationship. After compiling the information, the existing solution strategies have been listed to offer substantial support and guidance for future research endeavors.

EVOLUTION OF DENTIN ADHESIVES: LITERATURE REVIEW

The aesthetic demand has culminated in the improvement of restorative dentistry through new products, such as dentin adhesives, so commonly used in current restorative procedures. The quality of the bond between the restorative material and the dental substrate is essential for the longevity of the treatment; therefore, dentin adhesives with different compositions are commercialized, aiming to achieve ideal adhesion. The present study aimed to review the literature on the evolution of dentin adhesives, since research can bring to light innovations that overcome the limitations of contemporary adhesive systems. This article shows the evolution of dentin adhesive agents, their effectiveness and clinical relevance. Knowing new dentin adhesives, techniques and necessary care before and during the application of the chosen adhesive contributes to increasing the durability of adhesive restorations, in order to ensure satisfactory results in the bond between the resin and the dental substrate, avoiding the repetitive restorative cycle.

Advancing Diabetic Dental Restorations: A Comparative Analysis of Alveolar Bone Loss in Class II Composite Resin Versus Amalgam Fillings.

Introduction This study evaluated the impact of Class II composite resin and amalgam restorations on alveolar bone loss in diabetic patients, a population more susceptible to periodontal complications. The main objective was to determine whether the choice of restorative material impacts periodontal health, providing insights to optimize dental care for this high-risk group. Materials and methods This observational, comparative. cross-sectional study included 64 diabetic patients, divided into two groups based on their Class II restorations. Group 1 had 32 patients with composite resin restorations, while Group 2 comprised 32 patients with amalgam restorations. Both groups were matched for age and diabetes duration to ensure comparability. Periodontal health, specifically alveolar bone loss, was assessed through clinical and radiographic evaluations. The study analyzed the impact of the two materials on alveolar bone levels. Results Data from 64 diabetic patients (32 in Group 1 and 32 in Group 2) were statistically analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 (Released 2009; SPSS Inc., Chicago, United States). Three statistical tests, descriptive statistics, two-sample t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), were used. The results showed significant differences between the two groups, with composite resin restorations linked to greater alveolar bone loss. Conclusion The choice of restorative material significantly influences periodontal health in diabetic patients. Composite resin restorations were associated with a higher risk of alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease, emphasizing the need for careful material selection and regular periodontal monitoring in diabetic patients.