Responsibility Of Ministry Research Articles

The Foundation, Development and Future of the Omani Rentier State: From the Dhofar War to Vision 2040

Modern Oman’s continuation is uncertain after the death of its founder Qaboos bin Said (1970-2020). Amid isolationism and civil war, Qaboos drew on oil wealth to unite the state and found a modern welfare nation on the typical rentier model. At the same time, 1995 saw Qaboos announce Vision 2020 (later 2040) to diversify away from oil dependence. This article explores the development of Oman as a rentier state contrasted with formal diversification plans to argue that Qaboos’ main focus was modern state building and economic diversification away from oil was likely understood to be a goal beyond his lifetime, passing to his cousin Haitham bin Tariq, who was indeed, tasked with this as the responsible Minister before becoming Sultan on Qaboos’ death. The article also puts economic diversification within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and how this pandemic may be drawn on for ‘war-time’ discourse that bolsters Haitham bin Tariq’s tentative legitimacy.

COVID-19 disaster response: South African disaster managers' faith in mandating legislation tested?

For the first time in the history of the Disaster Management Act, 57 of 2002, South Africa declared COVID-19 an epidemiological disaster. Section 3 and 27(1) of this Act activated the responsible Minister in consultation with other Ministers to issue regulations in response to the disaster. The declaration exposed the already criticised Act to scrutiny by the public. Therefore, this study investigated the Metropolitan Disaster Management Centres that coordinate local events and support the provincial and national disaster management centres, their perceptions concerning the disaster management legislation that mandates them. The study recognised a gap in this regard and saw it imperative to give the disaster managers a voice and a platform to express their opinion concerning the heavily criticised legislation. A model of the policy implementation process guided the study investigation. This model argues that implementation of policies tends to generate tensions, which result in a disruption of the policy formulators’ expectations. The research uses some of the model’s variables to measure the perceptions of disaster managers. Using an interview guide, the researchers conducted virtual interviews with the disaster managers. Scholarly and media articles review concerning the Act formed part of the data collection. The study finds that the disaster managers perceive the disaster management legislation as a very useful guide, an excellent piece of legislation and trust it regardless of the criticism it received. The gaps the critics identified in the legislation became evident and had negative effects on the COVID-19 disaster response.

KAJIAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN ASET DAERAH

Regional property (BMD) can be obtained from apbd or other legitimate acquisitions and become regional wealth. State wealth in ministries / institutions / local governments become the authority and responsibility of ministries / institutions / local governments. But in the course of regional asset management sometimes also poses problems. Whereas well-managed regional assets will have a strategic role in supporting regional budget revenues. Bmd utilization applies to BMD located in the user of the goods, as well as who manages the goods. The existence of provisions, ensuring the process of utilization of BMD can run in an orderly, directed, fair, accountable, to realize efficient, effective, and optimal bmd management therefore regional asset management needs to be established and implementation based on the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. There should be a new mindset in the management of state assets so that not only just to record also list its fair value in the government financial report (LKPP), there should also be new thinking on how to optimize the management of state assets to be more optimal. The purpose of this writing is to review from the legal aspects regarding the management of regional assets. The research method used in this writing is done with literature studies. The approach used in this study is the approach of legislation and conceptual approach. The data source in this paper uses secondary legal material in the form of all publications about which are not official documents.

Huweliksluiting én aanneming van kinders kragtens kulturele gebruike in stryd met die reg behoort kragteloos te wees – sed, ex Africa semper aliquid novi

Huweliksluiting én aanneming van kinders kragtens kulturele gebruike in stryd met die reg behoort kragteloos te wees – sed, ex Africa semper aliquid novi

Новые документы по истории Февральской революции 1917 г. и обстоятельствах отречения императора Николая II от власти

The question of actions of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II during the February Revolution, and in particular, of his willingness or unwillingness to make concessions to the Duma opposition is a controversial issue in the historiography. Thus, Soviet and ?migr? historians believed that the tsar agreed to reforms under pressure of the military elite, which collaborated with the State Duma in those rebellious days. However, in modern historical science, an opposite opinion is gaining foothold, according to which in February – March 1917 the monarch showed a conciliatory attitude towards the opposition and was ready to agree to an actual limitation of his power by introducing a responsible ministry. The roadblock is assessment of sufficiency and reliability of the source corpus (mainly memoirs) for drawing the conclusion about the tsar's readiness for reforms. The lack of “documentary” evidence makes the narrative of the tsar’s desire to establish a “ministry of confidence” vulnerable. However, documents of the period of the February Revolution that have been identified in the State Archive of Russian Federation (fond 97 “Office of the Palace Commandant of the Ministry of the Imperial Court”) allow us to come nearer the end of this historiographical discussion. They are two typewritten paragraphs on a single sheet of paper, without a title or any additional information on its author, time, and place of creation. Source analysis has concluded that the documents are drafts of tsar’s telegrams prepared by the palace commandant V. N. Voeikov on March 1, 1917 to be sent to the ex-chairman of the State Duma M. V. Rodzianko. The content of these drafts clearly indicates that the tsar was ready to provide a “ministry of confidence” even before his arrival at the headquarters of the Northern Front on the evening of March 1, that is, de facto to establish parliamentarism in Russia. The author's reconstruction of the events has showed that the first draft of the telegram is tsar’s delayed response to the appeal of the Duma leader encouraging him to reform public administration (dated February 26-27, 1917). The second telegram is supposed to be sent to Rodzianko inviting him to Pskov for final decision concerning the head of the new “government of confidence.” Despite the fact that they for some reasons had never been sent to the addressee, these “messages,” nevertheless, are the “documentary” evidence of Nicholas II’s consent to a gradual introduction of parliamentarism in the country during the February Revolution.

Selection of optimal places for constructions of renewable energy stations in Myanmar using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method

The article discusses the formulation of the problem of choosing the optimal places for building renewable energy stations in Myanmar using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method. Today Myanmar is a developing country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar possesses a variety of energy resources, including renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Humans have especially used, and are now using, fossil fuels. After 2010, Myanmar began to focus heavily on renewable energy sources (RES). The Ministry of Electricity and Energy (MOEE) is the responsible ministry for the energy sector in Myanmar. MOEE is also responsible for the production, production and transportation of oil and gas. Myanmar has long been isolated from international markets, and funding sources have historically limited development and therefore pressure on its environment. Many of its resources remain relatively intact despite the lack of effective environmental regulations. However, as the country integrates into the world economy and its economic development are accelerating, resource degradation is growing rapidly. Deforestation of closed forests in recent years has been the fastest growing among large Southeast Asian countries, most of which are driven by plantation concessions and other large-scale projects. In order to reduce the use of fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy sources in Myanmar, it is necessary to investigate where and which RES are optimal depending on all situations.

We need to Overpopulate Bats not Birds for Prevention of Covid 19 totally

Mink's role in nature is important. Since mink is a carnivorous species, there are small mammals such as crayfish, snakes, turtles, small birds, mice, rabbits, insects, and crustaceans in the food chain. The most important of the practices that threaten the life of the mink is the cutting of the trees where the mink lives for furniture or energy production. Another threat is that their fur is made into clothes, as in Denmark, where 1 billion dollars of exports are made annually. However, the recent acceptance of the covid virus as a host to humans resulted in 17 million minks being buried in the mass grave in just the first week, and then the entire culling of them. Here it is not the resignation of a responsible prime minister. It is the threat that the mink, which forms part of the food chain, will suddenly increase the population of small birds, which play a key role in world food production. Of course, the purpose here is not to blame everyone unconsciously. However, instead of interfering with the chain in nature, the mink should be kept under quarantine by considering the antibody formed in the bodies of the mink as a treatment tool. Now the world should be prepared for unexpected adverse effects, such as the growing bird population with the disappearance of those 17 million minks. The species that need to be increased in the fight against Covid-19 are bats, the main source of the virus. Because bats may have carried a combination of SARS and MERS viruses from the same source in the past as a defense mechanism to adapt to nature with the depletion of water flies in the world with the restriction of water resources. The presence of any population in nature that is more than normal may further limit the use of a biosource present in nature. Every intervention in nature inevitably confronts humanity. As an alternative thought, it may be suggested that minks should not be considered as a commercial purpose in human life or should be restricted.

Educational Neglect and Child Protection in Ontario

Education is a basic human right, critical to the social and economic well-being of children and youth. It is so fundamental to a child’s well-being that Ontario courts have repeatedly recognized that educational neglect is a stand-alone child protection concern justifying state intervention. Courts in Ontario acknowledge that educational neglect is also a significant indicator of greater neglect within the child’s family. Education law, and child protection law, are remedies that should both be utilized to remedy educational neglect in a child’s life. 
 Children involved with child welfare system are vulnerable and often fail to achieve basic educational goals as a result of preexisting neglect but also as a result of the system itself. Greater collaboration is needed between educators, social workers, and responsible Ministries to ensure that vulnerable children’s educational needs are met.

When militarisation endangered both human and state security: The Zimbabwean experience, 2000–2008

ABSTRACT This article uses the case of Zimbabwe to explore how militarisation endangers both human and state security. While militarisation in Zimbabwe manifested itself in several ways, this study focuses on prioritising military solutions to most of the real or perceived security problems in the country between 2000 and 2008. Using data collected through review of available literature and interviews with officials in the public and private sectors, the article argues that the military-style operations were a threat to order and national security in both the short term and long run because they undermined human security. This is the case despite the fact that the military-style operations, similar to other manifestations of militarisation in Zimbabwe, were mooted and implemented framed in human and state security discourses. The article concludes that the prioritisation of military solutions to every security problem works to safeguard the governing elite but worsens instead of addressing the citizens’ problems with far-reaching implications for human and state security. For human security to be realised, Zimbabwe needs to discontinue militarised governance and capacitate responsible government ministries and departments.

What determines the audiences that public service organisations target for reputation management?

Why do public sector organisations target different stakeholder audiences in their reputation management? Despite the recognition that reputation management is an audience-based exercise, the field lacks studies that systematically analyse which audiences matter for reputation management by different public service organisations. This article examines reputation management by public service organisation in a multi-audience framework. The relevance of different audiences is surveyed at public service organisations that differ in formal-legal distance from government, task, size and environmental turbulence. The strongest and broadest effects are found for more autonomous organisations, who focus their reputation management more on politicians in general and the media and less on their directly responsible Minister.

Indonesia’s DP Bill Lacks a DPA, Despite GDPR Similarities

Indonesia’s draft Law on the Protection of Personal Data was submitted by the President to the House of Representatives in January 2020. Although the responsible Minister stated that he expected the Bill would be the first legislation to be enacted in 2020, Indonesian experts soon expect delays as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and so it has eventuated, with parliamentary consideration continuing a year later.This article analyses the Bill in the context of other Asian data privacy laws and the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The most striking aspect of the Bill is that it fails to include what is generally considered to be the essential element of a data privacy law: a separate, specialised (and usually independent) data protection authority (DPA). Instead, all enforcement powers are in the hands of the Minister of Communication and Information. There have been quite a few earlier versions of a data privacy Bill drafted by the Indonesian government, but all have involved a specialised DPA. In a recent version, the Public Information Commission was going to act as the DPA, a combination of data privacy responsibilities with Freedom of Information/Right to Information (FOI/RTI) responsibilities.Otherwise, there are many aspects of the Bill with similarities to the GDPR. Its obligations apply comprehensively, to individuals, corporations, public agencies and other institutions, and it has extra-territorial scope. Processing of personal data may only occur if it has a legitimate basis. Indonesia has adopted the term ‘personal data owner’, and gives such ‘owners’ eight types of rights with GDPR influences. Seventeen GDPR-influenced types of obligations apply to data controllers. The Bill allows exports of personal data from Indonesia in four situations, one of which involves a ‘white list’ of countries with a level of data protection to or higher than Indonesia’s law.The Bill makes a wide range of enforcement measures possible, including administrative fines and compensation, but the are all largely at the discretion of actions by the Minister, with the risk that inadequate enforcement will mean that the Bill will be ignored by both data controllers and data owners. The article concludes that Indonesia is trading influence for irrelevance, by abandoning the inclusion of a separate DPA. It could have had one of the strongest and most influential laws in Asia, but the absence of a data protection authority will mean that it does not.

Mangrove forest policy and management: Prevailing policy issues, actors’ public claims and informal interests in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

Mangrove forests have enormous ecological and socio-economic importance for a number of different stakeholders and policy actors. Hence, a wide range of often conflicting material interests can be expected surrounding mangrove forest policy and management. These conflicts result in different issues of mangrove policy and management, on which different actors articulate their positions through publicly stated claims. It is unclear, in how far these publicly stated positions and claims resemble the formal interest of the actors only, or if they also reveal parts of their informal interests. In the Sundarbans mangrove forests, a number of issues have arisen, which are of contemporary policy concern. The aim of this study is to identify the most recent issues relating to the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and analyse the actors' claims/arguments on the identified issues which were publicly stated as an expression of formal or informal interest. In order to analyse these public claims, content analysis of selected Bangladeshi national newspapers, experts' deliberations and national policy documents was undertaken as an empirical method to ascertain relevant issues and actors' claims. A theory-based actor typology was applied to distinguish the relevant actors, and the concept of formal and informal interests was employed. The results indicate that the most salient policy issues around mangrove forest policy and management are: establishing Rampal power plant; protection of the Sundarbans forest area; environmental pollution; biodiversity conservation; reputation as a World Natural Heritage Site; relevance for climate change adaptation and mitigation; and local people's livelihoods. Government and Administration are found to be the most active actor in all the observed issues. Surprisingly, only very few administrations partake in public deliberations and the Prime Minister seems to dominate the public debate. This might be explained by the fact that the Rampal power plant project is perceived as the most contentious issue among all actors, with strong discursive support from the Prime Minister. In light of this issue structure, non-governmental actors as well as most bureaucracies are rarely found to actively engage in public debate on mangrove issues while informal interests were being displayed by Prime Minister and non-ruling political parties to a limited extent. Future empirical study to be conducted on the historical trajectory of Rampal power plant addressing the Prime Minister's arguments and environmental concerns of civil society actors. Also it would be worth to map the high degree of bureaucratic rivalry which can be assumed form the conflicting interest in mangrove forests between the responsible ministry—the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and other ministries in their struggle for power.

Asszonynévhasználat és asszonynév-változtatás a 20. század második felében

The study examines changes in the use of marital names and their connections from a novel perspective based on new source material. Its broader subject matter is the changes in the use of official marital names in the second half of the 20th century, which brought about an expansion, and never before seen diversity in the name forms that could be chosen in marriage. (Considering an example of a husband called [examples given in Hungarian name order, with family names first] Hunyadi János and his wife Szilágyi Erzsébet, the wife could at first only be (i) Hunyadi Jánosné using the -né suffix, meaning ‘wife of’. From 1953 the wife could choose to be (ii) Hunyadi Jánosné Szilágyi Erzsébet or (iii) Szilágyi Erzsébet. 1974 brought even more choices with (iv) Hunyadiné Szilágyi Erzsébet or (v) Hunyadi Erzsébet. In 2004 the options (vi) Hunyadi-Szilágyi Erzsébet and (vii) Szilágyi-Hunyadi Erzsébet were added. Nevertheless, the study focuses not on the name forms chosen at the time of marriage but later changes that realised movement between the name forms available to women in a given period. The source material of the study is a selected subset of the request documents submitted to the responsible ministry. The study examines the change requests submitted by married women and those submitted by divorced or widowed women separately. The legal background of the phenomenon is explored, alongside the possible motivations for the changes based on written statements and factors that can be deduced from the processes. The proportion of changed and newly chosen name forms, temporal changes in these trends, and the social characteristics of those submitting requests are examined throughout the period that brought significant changes. The paper hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence the use, change and connections of names used by women in the Modern Age with this study.

Problems of Improving Performance Budgeting in the Russian Constituent Entities under Digital Economy

A complex process of performance budgeting transition requires restructuring the system of state administration and organization of the budget process, strengthening the autonomy and responsibility of ministries and departments involved in the implementation of government programs. This paper aims at further development of scientific provisions of performance budgeting in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, analysis of problems and development prospects. Improving performance budgeting in the digital economy implies the development of an information infrastructure, namely, an effective system of Internet resources in order to provide citizens with relevant information on the state programs implementation and their efficiency evaluation. Methodological guidelines for evaluation of performance budgeting efficiency in the RF constituents were developed in the course of this study. The results of the study could be applied to regional performance budgeting improvement. The findings could also allow government bodies to increase the efficiency of budgeting.

Data sources on animal diseases: Country Card of Estonia

Mapping ‘data sources’ on animal diseases in each European Union (EU) Member State is one of the activities of EFSA's SIGMA1,2 project. The aim of this activity is to identify the central competent authorities responsible for managing the data on animal diseases and animal populations in each Member State. Initially EFSA is focusing on three diseases (on which EFSA is currently working): African swine fever, avian influenza and lumpy skin disease; and on the corresponding affected animal populations: swine, poultry and bovines, respectively. This technical report presents the results of the implementation of the above activity for Estonia and provides information on the authorities that constitute the data sources on animal diseases within the country. It also includes the ‘Country Card’, which depicts the central competent authorities responsible for the data on animal diseases (data on outbreaks, surveillance activities and laboratory results) and on animal populations (bovines, swine, poultry) in Estonia. It has been generated based on the replies submitted by Estonia via the EUSurvey questionnaire and on the clarifications provided subsequently. The Ministry of Rural Affairs is the responsible Ministry for the data related to animal diseases and animal populations in Estonia. Under the Ministry, different Organisations are involved with the collection and management of different types of data.

Парламентаризм в России: проблемы истории и современности

Russian Parliament – is the institutions with complicated historical destiny. First attempts to establish a two-chamber parliament in Russia as a relatively independent legislative and representative institution were made by M.M. Speransky 210 years ago. His constitutional project was only partially implemented in 1906 when the first State Duma of the Russian Empire started its activity. The ten-year experience of the first Russian parliament revealed the major institutional problem that in the long run became one of the key causes for the destruction of Russian state system in 1917. That was the problem of “the responsible Ministry” that made itself felt again in the constitutional design in 1993. The distribution of the control, answerability and responsibility functions in the “triangle”: “president – government – parliament”,– in the Constitution currently in force needs to be closely analyzed from the point of view of political practices. And very likely some amendments will have to be made.

An Assessment of Problems of Primary School Children with Disabilities in Uganda

This research study focused on an investigation into the factors contributing to the dropout of children with disabilities (CWD) in rural schools in Uganda with a case study of Ntungamo District. Questionnaires interviews were carried out by the research team. The data collected was compiled and analyzed. Findings indicated that majority of the respondents were in agreement that social and economic needs of children with disabilities is the major factor that contributes to the drop out of children with disabilities from rural schools. Other outcomes show that shortage of staff in schools contributes to drop out of children with disabilities, poor teachers attitudes towards the disabled children, poor government policies, hatred and discrimination against the disabled children, absence of morale by teacher's, lack of special equipment for teaching children with special needs was also averagely supported. The study recommends that the Government of Uganda and the responsible ministry put aspects of inclusion of all children into consideration, and also provide the necessary financial support as well as intensifying long life learning programs for special needs teachers with focus on primary education among other levels. Further comprehensive research ought to be of paramount importance in understanding challenges facing CWD.

Housing, debt and the economy: a tale of two countries

In housing affordability levels and volatility, there could hardly be a greater contrast than between the UK and Germany. Differences in history, institutions and policies are explored in this paper. Residential housing supply has been far more expansionary in Germany and mortgage credit more tightly regulated. A sensibly regulated rental market and stable German house prices have combined to leave the rental sector with over half of tenures. Policy failures in the UK have resulted in widening intergenerational inequality, increased social exclusion, adversely affected productivity and growth and raised the risk of financial instability. Policy lessons are drawn for the UK, which go far beyond the remit of the immediately responsible Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government.

A Lesson from two Failed Foreign Investments: the Foreign (Ad)Venture of two Finnish State-Owned Enterprises

As an organisational failure may teach more than an organisational success, this article describes the failed foreign investments of two Finnish stateowned enterprises (SOEs), namely Sonera and Stora Enso. In 2000, Sonera acquired a mobile phone licence in Germany and Italy for USD 4,000 million. Two years later, it turned out that the licence was worthless. In turn, Stora Enso acquired an American paper firm for USD 5,000 million in 2000, but seven years later Stora Enso sold this US unit at a loss of USD 2,000–3,000 million. These two cases reveal that the major reason for these failures was the inability of SOE management to predict business development. Other major reasons for failure were the conflicting motives of the management and the company (the main shareholder), and inadequate state control. Passive control of the state may encourage SOE management to exercise adventurous investment policies and take major risks. In Sonera’s case, unrealistic risk taking led to serious financial difficulties, and finally, to a forced sale of the entire group to Telia, the Swedish telecom company. Stora Enso’s stronger financial position saved it from an organisational failure. A lesson to policy-makers: a responsible minister and the minister’s subordinates should exercise a more active ownership policy and keep the political interests of his/her party subordinate to the strategic interests of the state. Recent public discussion on SOE governance in Finland reveals that the Finnish Government still experiences difficulties in fully digesting the wisdom of the OECD Guidelines of Corporate Governance of StateOwned Enterprises.

Expectations, Trust, and ‘No Surprises’: Perceptions of Autonomy in New Zealand Crown Entities

How autonomous are New Zealand Crown entities really? Although agencification and the autonomy of governmental agenda has been high on the research agenda in most modern industrialised jurisdictions since the mid-1990s, the discussion in New Zealand on the role of the Crown entities has more indirectly touched upon this issue. Based on the international literature on agency autonomy, this article presents new empirical evidence. The study is based on semi-structured elite interviews with retired Chief Executives of various Crown entities. The study shows that autonomy is a multifaceted concept in the New Zealand agency context, and does not necessarily means a vertical connection to the responsible ministry or to the board.