Responsibility Centers Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY IN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING

Introduction. The development of market relations in the agrarian sphere, the accession of Ukraine to the World Trade Organization and the emergence of certain risks for agricultural enterprises necessitate the creation of such an information system that would ensure the receipt of reliable and operational information for the adoption of timely management decisions by the management in order to increase the efficiency of milk production and sale in agricultural enterprises. Under these conditions, management accounting is an important tool for managing agribusiness and improving its quality. Methods. The dialectical method is used to clarify and deepen the content of concepts in the field of information and accounting support for the management of production efficiency in dairy cattle breeding. Analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, idealization and generalization as general logical methods of scientific knowledge are used to develop the provisions of methodology and praxeomethodology of accounting in dairy farming. The results. It has been proven that in order to improve the efficiency of production management in dairy farming, the system of budgeting and cost control should also be improved. At enterprises specializing in milk production, the cost budget includes all costs for keeping cows and raising heifers for the main herd. Internal reporting forms are proposed for displaying regulatory accounting data by responsibility centers. In particular, the "Report on the calculation of deviations in dairy farming" has been developed, which displays deviations from the norms not taken into account in the primary documents, which will make it possible to conduct an operational analysis of the detected deviations. Discussion. In the conditions of the post-war stage of agricultural development, which will be characterized by the diversification of production, the priority direction of activity of most farms in the corporate sector of the agrarian economy will be dairy farming. In this connection, the role of information and accounting support for the development of the above-mentioned branch of the agrarian economy will be strengthened, the financing of which will be carried out on the basis of public-private partnership. Keywords: information and analytical support, accounting, dairy farming, agricultural enterprise, efficiency.

Controlling of operational activity of trade enterprises

Introduction. The efficiency of operational activity is a necessary condition for ensuring the sustainable economic development of trade enterprises. Therefore, the search for and imple­mentation of innovative technologies for mana­ging this activity is a priority task for the enter­prise management. Problem. The consequences of COVID-19 and Russian military aggression have made tra­ditional systems for managing the operational acti­vities of trade enterprises ineffective. The pro­blem of adapting enterprise management to new economic conditions is crucial today. The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical foundations of process-oriented controlling of the operational activities. Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge are used: analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, generalization. Results. The content and main tasks of pro­cess-oriented controlling of the operational acti­vity of a trade enterprise are formulated. The model of operational business processes of the upper level of the trade enterprise is pre­sented, the principles of formation of target indicators of management of operational busi­ness processes are defined, and approaches to the formation of a system of centers of financial responsibility for trade enterprises of different sizes and different basic organizational manage­ment structures are formulated. Conclusions. The implementation of the tech­nology of controlling operational activities based on a process-oriented approach allows to quickly adapt the management system of the enterprise to new business conditions.

Information-analytical innovations and business models of enterprise management in the modern building development system

The article is devoted to the development of methodological principles for the formation of a process-oriented enterprise management system based on a business-target approach, which provide for the transformation of a complex of business goals of an enterprise into a topology of its centers of managerial and executive responsibility in the form of a process management pyramid using the Business Model Canvas, which allows directing activities these centers to ensure the effectiveness of the processes subordinated to them and to create a framework (software environment) for business analysis. The conceptual apparatus of the theory of process management has been improved in the context of the following definitions: "business – process" as an interconnected hierarchical pair consisting of a process (object of management) and the management process of the manager (subject of management), "management business – process" as managed by the PDCA cycle of management functions (P - planning, D - organization, C - control, A - analysis and correction) hierarchy of functional operations of the head and subordinate managers of the lower management level; "technological business process" as a hierarchy of functional operations of the manager and his subordinates of the technological process managed according to the PDCA management cycle; "pyramid of process management" as a system of interconnected management and technological business processes, structured in accordance with the business tree - goals of the enterprise and aimed at their achievement. Emphasis on the management component of business processes allows to ensure the responsibility and purposeful managerial influence of process managers on their implementation, which ensures that the enterprise achieves its target settings. The process-oriented approach to value creation, which involves the formation of a system of four chains, has gained further development: the chain of creation of managerial value of the enterprise, the technological chain of creation of consumer value, the chain of creation of value of primary data (summaries, reports), the chain of creation of managerial information value for enterprise managers ; the synthesis of these four chains and their results (consumer, information and management value) enables the maximization of the economic added value of the enterprise as the resulting indicator of its activity.

Penerapan Akuntansi Pertanggungjawaban sebagai Alat Penilaian Kinerja Pusat Biaya

The purpose of this study is to assess and investigate how accounting systems might improve management performance evaluation. The focus of this investigation is Hasanah Cafe. is a company involved in the trade of goods related to food and drink. Qualitative methods were employed in the inquiry. To characterize objects precisely as they are, researchers employ a descriptive analysis methodology. Budgets have been created using bottom-up budgeting, however neither responsibility center codes nor a distinction between controlled and uncontrollable expenditures have been made. Budgets have been created using bottom-up budgeting, however neither responsibility center codes nor a distinction between controlled and uncontrollable expenditures have been made. The discussion's findings demonstrate that when the budget is created using the accountability accounting approach, the responsibility center manager is only expected to be accountable for costs that can be managed. The aggregate difference between the predicted and realized costs shows that the commercial food and beverage business' performance evaluation was successfully completed. The results demonstrate that by creating a responsible accounting system, management may more readily evaluate performance from lowest to highest rating. Accountability accounting may be thought of as useful if budgets are used and met in accordance with predefined standards. The aggregate difference between the predicted and realized costs shows that the commercial food and beverage business' performance evaluation was successfully completed. The results demonstrate that by creating a responsible accounting system, management may more readily evaluate performance from lowest to highest rating. Accountability accounting may be thought of as useful if budgets are used and met in accordance with predefined standards. The aggregate difference between the predicted and realized costs shows that the commercial food and beverage business' performance evaluation was successfully completed. The results demonstrate that by creating a responsible accounting system, management may more readily evaluate performance from lowest to highest rating. Accountability accounting may be thought of as useful if budgets are used and met in accordance with predefined standards.
 Keywords: Budget, Accountability accounting, performance appraisal.

Building a process-oriented management system for a transport enterprise in the context of economic`s digitalization of the economy

The article proposes an algorithm for constructing a process-oriented management system for a transport enterprise using the concept of financial responsibility centers in the context of the digitalization of the economy. This algorithm allows to timely adjust the management system, which is under the influence of digital factors, track the movement of cash flow within the enterprise, and also assess the readiness of personnel to develop within the framework of the strategic vision of the company. The indicators evaluating the efficiency of business processes of a transport enterprise are presented. The article tested the algorithm on the example of the Novorossiysk freight forwarding company, including calculating the digitalization index developed by the author, modeling the container delivery service, ranking goals achievement indicators, and calculating the economic effect of introducing digital technologies into the activities of the enterprise.

Evaluation of the Management Control System for the Profit Responsibility Center at PT. Cahaya Bintang Medan Furniture Tbk

The purpose of this study is to determine the management control system for the profit responsibility center of PT. Starlight Medan Furniture. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis show that the control of the profit center management at PT. Cahaya Bintang Medan Furniture has fulfilled one of the characteristics of liability accounting, namely the identification of profit liability centers. Implementation of control of the management of the profit responsibility center at PT. Cahaya Bintang Medan Furniture is adequate, this can be seen from the recording and authorization for adequate cost expenditures and the calculation of financial statement analysis, and can be used as a management tool in controlling the profit center with costs as a controlling tool..

A VIEW ON LEGAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM)

Risk management is important in Malaysia. It is a policy of the Federal Government. This policy is adopted by all public universities including Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM). Risks faced by an organisation could be positive or negative. One important category of risk is the legal risk. Legal risk is important in Malaysia because it practises the rule of law. The rule of law is also applicable to UiTM. Legal risk has its own principles and they are applied in all public universities including UiTM. The university has its structure to manage legal risk. The structure involves the University Strategic Risk Management Council supported by the Risk Management Unit and also the Risk Management Committees of all Responsible Centres in the university. The structure also shows that UiTM is serious in legal risk management to help it achieves its visions and objectives. Based on the above statements, this article explains the basic principles of legal risk management and also legal risk management in the university. Under legal risk management, this article will look at the importance of the legal risk to the university by looking at its substantive and procedural aspects as well as appreciating some views of those involved in legal risk management from the unit.

Scientific Research and Recent Findings in Financial Monitoring

The article discusses the existing studies on the issue of financial monitoring and the suggestions that their authors have. The discussion of these studies begins with the American scientist Edward Altman's Z-model, which he proposed to predict the risk of bankruptcy for companies. The article presents both an earlier and a modified version of the Z-model developed by Edward Altman. The article also discusses and evaluates the 9-factor model developed by V. Fulmer and R. Saifulin and G. Kadikov's four-factor models. Among the more recent studies in the field of monitoring is the study of the Portuguese scientist Ana Paula Lopez, who found that the companies served by the audiences of the "big four" no longer cheat in the financial part. Malaysian scholars Noor Aisha Nizan and Zuhaikha Zailan found in 2019 that it is best to combine financial audits with technological and human audits. Also, in 2019, Vilnius scientist P. Poshinaus argued that monitoring should be carried out only by economic-mathematical methods, because they provide great opportunities for finding financial irregularities. And in 2020, Czech scientist Aneta Zemankova proposed to the public to use artificial intelligence in monitoring. With its implementation, smart audit procedures and smart contracts can be performed in an automated manner. The authors of the article conclude that the auditors of Georgia, due to the low level of mathematical education, cannot use blockchains and artificial intelligence, but also economic-mathematical models in the audit, and raise the issue of the need to retrain them in this direction. The article discusses the issues of dividing diversified companies into responsibility centers and their financial monitoring. Keywords: Financial monitoring; probability of bankruptcy; Z - model; Fulmer's model; mathematical models; Responsible centers.

An Application of Responsibility Accounting With the Budget As A Cost Control Tool at PT. Hearlife Indonesia

As income grows, it creates complex problems. One of the difficulties experienced by leaders is in terms of supervision and control costs incurred. arise because the leadership cannot directly support the operation as a whole, transactions are increasingmany and varied. As a result of the problems faced by PT. Listen LIVEIndonesia, Management and Assets are required to improve financial managementnamely the improvement of the organizational structure which is realized by the delegation of authorities, duties, responsibilities to the responsibility center carried out through the budget. With a budget, the responsibility center will be able to be controlled and used as a correction to the objectives of PT. Listen LIFE Indonesia. Data collection procedures can be done by observation, interviews / interviews and Documentation. Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and compiling data that obtained from Data Reduction (Data Reduction), Data Display (Data Presentation), and Withdrawal of Conclusions (Verification). Based on the research conducted, it can be said that the application of accounting accountability with the budget as a cost control tool at PT. Listen LIVE Indonesia is still less effective. However, in general PT. HearLIFE Indonesia has met the requirements and characteristics of responsibility accounting which includes structure organization, budget, classification of controlled and uncontrollable costs, code classification, performance measurement standards and the existence of rewards and punishments has been applied. However, in the preparation of the budget there are still many costs that are not can be controlled so that revenue and profit targets do not reach the budget. This too will affect the manager's performance if the realization of costs is above the budget and profit earned under budget.

Application of LegalTech to improve the management accounting of the organization’s expenses

The article discusses issues related to management accounting of income and expenses of organizations, as well as methods distribution of costs. The author analyzed the accounting of production costs in the era of imperialism, as well as the emergence theories of direct costing, standard costing and responsibility centers in Russia and the USA, which formed the basis of modern approaches to strategic planning companies, control and audit. On their basis budgeting and financial planning of companies. The application of IT-technologies is considered, which allow automating the processing of documents, which allows analyzing large amounts of data, taking into account legal regulation.

Organization of accounting by responsibility centers as an element of effective performance of managing companies

The specificity of the activity of managing organizations directly influence the organization of their accounting system. Limited material and production resources and income add special significance to establishing a system of formation of the information about costs and income by responsibility centers. Organization of accounting by responsibility centres in this case becomes a tool of effective and timely control and administration of a managing company’s activity, a tool of increasing the responsibility for the performance at all levels. The article contains the authors’ study of the specificity of accounting by responsibility centers which allows for its use in the managing companies, working out the requirements for effective organization of accounting by responsibility centers. The authors provide characteristics of accounting by responsibility centers and suggest practical recommendations for organizing accounting by responsibility centers in managing organizations. A serviced apartment building is studied as a responsibility center. The authors identify indicators for control and evaluation of the corresponding centers’ performance. They define and group requirements for organizing accounting by responsibility centers in accordance with the functional feature. The suggested sequence of the accounting tasks makes it possible to optimize the process of working out managerial decisions based on correctly selected and necessary information.

Theoretical aspects of innovative development of unified heat supply organizations in the conditions of transition to a new energy system

Introduction. Heat supply, which is one of the most important areas of housing and communal services in our country, is in critical condition, as evidenced by the increase in the number of accidents on heating networks and an increase in heat loss over the past 25 years. The current situation necessitates the modernization of the sphere under consideration, which should be associated with the introduction of modern technologies and innovations in the activities of heat supply. In addition, a number of researchers note that currently there is a change in the energy system based on the partial replacement of existing energy sources towards energy-efficient devices, which, on the one hand, allow meeting growing energy needs, and, on the other hand, reduce the negative impact on the environment. Therefore, it is proposed to consider the modernization and innovative development of heat supply, including in the context of compliance with environmental safety properties. It is determined that the subject of heat supply, which should take responsibility for the implementation of the vector of its innovative development in a certain territory, should be unified heat supply organizations, fixed by legislation as a single center of responsibility, modernization and technological development of heat supply. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to consider the theoretical aspects of the innovative development of unified heat supply organizations in the conditions of transition to a new energy system.
 Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the works of Russian and foreign authors on the issues of innovative development of economic systems, as well as the work of researchers proving the relationship of cyclical economic growth with innovative development. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of comparative estimates.
 Results. The study of approaches to the innovative development of economic systems allowed us to conclude that, despite the crisis phenomena that are natural in their cyclicity, the decline in the development of these systems is overcome with greater speed in cases of innovation in the system, which, according to the author, should be reflected in practice in the mo­dernization of heat supply, in particular, through the innovative development of unified heat supply organizations.
 Conclusions. In the conditions of changing energy structure, the innovative development of unified heat supply organizations should be considered not only from the standpoint of increasing the efficiency of heat supply in Russia, but also from the standpoint of increasing its energy efficiency and minimizing the negative impact on the environment.

The Relevance of Cost-Value-Performance Trinom for Organization Management

A large number of economic entities follow several objectives that characterize some aspects of their organization. But they have only one fundamental objective and the performance measurement depends on a good definition of performance. In order to achieve their goals in a continuous and profitable manner, organizations need to equip themselves with structures that entrust responsibility centers with various things to do. The administrative accounting has as its objectives the knowledge of the costs related to the functions of the economic entities, the determination of the bases for the valuation of certain elements of the balance sheet and the calculation of the cost of production in order to compare it with the selling price in order to determine the efficiency of the business, and on the other hand, cost forecasting to determine actual cost deviations, as well as providing all necessary information for decision-making on the management of internal work.

The Impact of Transformational Leadership Practices in Sustainable Marketing (Applied Research in the General Company for Dairy Products)

This research is an intellectual and applied journey in identifying the extent of the impact of transformational leadership in sustainable marketing within the General Company for Dairy Products in Baghdad. It also aims to measure and test the relationships and influence between transformational leadership and sustainable marketing. The research community was the employees of the General Company for Dairy Products, represented by the employees of (175) individuals distributed at the upper, middle and lower levels, the distributed questionnaires were relied on as a main tool for collecting data and information through their viewpoint on transformational leadership and the extent of its impact on sustainable marketing in the organization. The researcher relied on the dimensions (ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual arousal, individual considerations) of the independent variable, while the dependent variable relied on the dimensions (environmental dimension, economic dimension, social dimension). The statistical analysis of the collected data was carried out using the SPSSv.24 program, and the results showed a significant and positive impact relationship for transformational leadership in sustainable marketing. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that transformational leadership works to create a sense of creativity and responsibility among individual subordinates by granting them more powers and responsibility centers and their participation in decision-making processes. The researcher recommends that the company under study works to enhance its focus on achieving sustainable marketing in order to confront all external competitive initiatives aimed at reducing its role in the market.

The Long-Term Association between Physical Activity and Weight Regain, Metabolic Risk Factors, Quality of Life and Sleep after Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery is currently regarded as a safe and effective long-term procedure for the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities. We analyzed the association between physical activity (PA), weight regain, metabolic risk factors and quality of life in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. This study also aimed to preliminarily assess how physical activity and weight regain may be associated with sleep quality and sedentary behavior. This was an observational study, with retrospective data collection and a cross-sectional survey. Retrospective clinical data were collected from a sample of 84 individuals who had undergone bariatric gastric bypass surgery at least five years prior to the study period in an Integrated Responsibility Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases Surgery. The survey, developed from validated questionnaires and applied in telephone interviews, focused on health data, associated comorbidities, quality of life, physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed with a 95% confidence level. Bariatric surgery induced a significant weight loss in the first year after surgery. Our analysis also revealed that lower levels of PA were associated with weight regain. Quality of life as well as sleep quality were inversely related to weight regain, as well as sedentary behavior in general. Primary and secondary outcomes of bariatric surgery can be better achieved if the practice of PA could be maintained for consecutive years.

RESPONSIBILITY CENTRE – MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING INSTRUMENT

The survey of industrial companies indicates that the majority of managers use information about total costs or, at best, production costs, to make managerial decisions about the effectiveness of products or services. These indicators, being characteristic of financial accounting, are calculated with great approximation on the types of products or services. Marginal costs, as an object of managerial accounting, are very rarely used in the decision-making process, because the existing expense accounting systems of most companies are not able to produce such information. Traditional accounting systems accumulate and process financial information in accordance with financial accounting principles, without tracking and separating variable and fixed costs, which would allow a clearer determination of the direct costs incurred by specific products and services. Thus, the article presents some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the implementation of responsibility centre as tools for decentralizing responsibilities through the principles of managerial accounting, which allow the accumulation and management of costs and expenses on decision-making areas of company subdivisions.

Strengthening internal accountability by avoiding fantasy documents in responsibility center budgeting

AbstractHigher education scholars often investigate the policy mechanisms of external accountability, but rarely explore institutional mechanisms of internal accountability. This chapter, which reports select findings from an in‐depth case study of institutional budgeting at an American public research university, examines an underexplored mechanism of internal accountability – annual budget reviews. The findings illustrate that the university's budget review often constitutes a fantasy practice that affirms the institution's commitment to fiscal prudence as much as scrutinizes budgetary decisions in academic units. The findings reveal opportunities to strengthen budget reviews at institutions that have adopted decentralized budget models such as Responsibility Center Budgeting.

‘AMA 앞에 선 인간’의 본질적 윤리성

The purpose of this study is to reveal the “responsibility” of humans in the face of the emergence of “Artificial Moral Agent(AMA)” within the AI ecosystem. The AMA replace human functions and sometimes threaten the status and nature of human existence. The commentator approaches this phenomenon on an ontological level by distinguishing between the AMA and humans. In this study, Dewey’s instrumentalism is a framework for understanding the AI ecosystem. Based on this, the human-AMA relationship is summarized as follows. First, interactive relationships from a factual point of view, second, predominantly species relationships from an ontological point of view, and third, from a functionalist perspective, the humans and AMAs are roles as managers and practitioners, respectively. The key here is that within the AI ecosystem, ‘the human’ is the center of responsibility. Specifically, the realization of this responsibility should be envisioned in three main directions. First, efforts to realize human existence at the ethical level, second, maintenance of the system for the implementation of responsibility that takes into account ethical coherence at the level of science and technology, and third, cooperation at the ethical level and the science and technology level. Through these efforts, we will be able to stand tall as “the human beings in front of the AMA.”

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF PROCESSES IN THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

The article is devoted to the study of the features and problems associated with the process of digital transformation in the management accounting system. The paper uses methods, techniques and methodology of digital business modeling for the conditions of digital transformation of processes in the management accounting system. The article presents a conceptual study of the theory of digital transformation of processes in management accounting, implemented in stages. We have identified business processes within the framework of responsibility centers, opening synthetic and multi-order analytical accounts of management accounting, regulating the frequency and volume of information about business processes for the purposes of operational, periodic and consolidated management reporting, reconciling data on business processes in management accounting by verifying data in the system of financial accounting, monitoring. The problems of digital transformation of business processes in management accounting are identified: the need to comply with the general market dynamics of digitalization; limited control of digitalization of management accounting business processes; lack of tools to link the performance of IT infrastructure components with the results of digitalization of management accounting business processes. The results obtained can be used to enhance competitive advantages in the context of global digital transformation, both by large integrated entities that maintain full-scale management accounting, and by organizations that use individual elements of management accounting and have auxiliary and service industries in their organizational and management structure that conduct diversified activities.

Budgeting in banking: Approaches and solutions

Subject. This article deals with the theoretical and applied issues of organizing the budgeting system at banks in the digital economy. Objectives. The article aims to clarify the methodology and structure of budgeting at banks on the basis of a comprehensive approach under the digital environment conditions. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, evaluation, generalization, description, systematization, and summarizing. Results. The article clarifies the concept of budgeting in banking activities and emphasizes its belonging to strategic management accounting and information and analytical support of the bank's activities. Based on a comprehensive approach to the development of a budgeting system at banks, the article proposes a master budget structure for the bank, which expands the modern scientific understanding of budgeting and helps improve the quality of management. Conclusions and Relevance. A comprehensive approach to the organization of the budgeting system helps plan the income, expenses and results of the bank's activities in the areas of banking, responsibility centers, and taking into account innovative development plans. The results of the study can be useful to the management of banks in financial result planning, searching for reserves for improving the efficiency of activities, studying the prospects and potential for introducing certain types of innovation, stakeholders when exploring the possibility of cooperation. The materials of the article can be used in scientific research on economics and in the educational processes of universities of the Russian Federation.