Responsibility Of Local Governments Research Articles

Use Crumb Rubber Chips in Partial Substitution of Coarse Aggregate While Preparing Concrete

Abstract: The purpose of this experimental investigation is to examine the behaviour features of rubberized concrete, which has coarse aggregate in place of some of the tyre rubber. Over 270 million scrap tyres are thought to be produced annually. One of the main problems in India is the disposal of discarded tyres in landfills, which is the responsibility of local governments and municipalities. Because it is not biodegradable, there are serious concerns to human health, the environment, and fire. The most promising uses of tyres in engineering are as aggregates for asphalt and concrete, artificial reefs, and erosion management, aside from gasoline obtained from tyres. Concrete's characteristics could be greatly improved in a variety of ways by using recycled tyre rubber as part of the aggregate. One of the most often used building materials is concrete. Because of this, the building sector is constantly looking for new applications and uses for its products, as well as ways to improve them while keeping costs down. The reference concrete specimen is made of M30 grade concrete. Rubber chips from scrap tyres have been utilised in place of traditional coarse aggregate as coarse aggregate. This will enable the efficient and widespread handling of rubber tyre waste in addition to enabling the sustainable use of the aggregates that are already accessible to us. After separating the rubber tyre waste into coarse chips, this tyre crumb aggregate is applied in increments of 5%, 10%, or 15% to replace the coarse aggregate. In order to determine the best way to employ crumb rubber as coarse aggregate in concrete, this study assessed the workability and compressive strength of rubberized concrete

Responsibility of Regional Governments for Handling Plastic Waste that Damages Marine Biota (Study on Kalaki Beach, Bima District)

As one of the most significant contributors of plastic waste in the world, plastic waste pollution in Indonesia's oceans is an example of the dangers caused by plastic waste to human health, the environment and marine biota. The aims of this research are: 1) to analyse the responsibilities of local governments regarding the management of plastic waste which damages marine biota in the Kalaki Beach Area, Bima Regency. 2) Analyzing the implementation of the Bima Bay area's implementation of plastic waste handling by the Bima Regency Government. The type of research used is empirical legal research with a legislative approach, a conceptual approach and a legal sociology approach. The technique for collecting legal materials and data was carried out using interviews and document study methods. The research results conclude that the Regional Government's responsibility is based on UUPPLH, provincial governments, and district/city governments, which have the authority to form environmental management institutions that carry out management and assessment of the environment. Two steps can be taken in handling this: preventive steps, which can be taken by managing waste, building a waste bank, planting mango trees, providing rubbish bins, and carrying out outreach activities. Repressive steps can be taken by imposing sanctions on violators of regulations and also regional cooperation.

Energy saving of rural buildings in Henan Province based on rural revitalization in China

Abstract Based on rural revitalization in China, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats model combined with the politics, economy, society and technology model (SWOT-PEST) has been used to comprehensively analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats to the development of rural energy-efficient buildings in Henan Province based on national policies, the local economic development level, the social situation and technology. The results showed that rural energy-efficient buildings have both advantages and disadvantages at the levels of policy, the economy, society and technology, and that overall, rural energy-efficient building development is at an optimum time. On this basis, we proposed energy-saving countermeasures to execute the primary responsibilities of local party committees and governments, enhance innovation in energy-saving technologies and improve the affordability of energy-efficient buildings. These are the three ways to encourage the effective establishment of rural energy-efficient buildings. This study provides references for promoting rural energy transformation and energy-saving policy reform in developing countries.

Fostering Trust In Collaborative: Building Child-Friendly Cities in Emerging Industrial Landscapes

This article examines the reconstruction of stakeholder confidence in the collaborative governance process for the sustainability of child-friendly cities in new industrial communities. Research problems are due to the implications of the growth of new industrial societies, differences and conflicts of interest between stakeholders, child growth and development problems, high stunting, juvenile delinquency, street children, and parenting patterns that are not by needs. This study aims to analyze the reconstruction of stakeholder trust in creating awareness and shared commitment to collaborative governance processes to realize the sustainability of child-friendly cities. The research method is qualitative, research data is collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The results of the study show that collaborative governance processes are faced with different interest gaps that result in a lack of trust and commitment to realizing a child-friendly city. A joint forum among stakeholders in the child-friendliness campaign efforts has been organized but shows no signs of effectiveness. The lack of synergy between local governments and industry players is present, therefore efforts to rebuild trust in realizing the sustainability of a child-friendly environment need to be optimized through communication, openness, social responsibility, and supervision of local governments.

The evolution of central environmental protection inspection policy attention in China: An investigation based on inspection reports

The central environmental protection inspection (CEPI) system in China is a significant institutional innovation in national environmental governance. The CEPI applies a joint supervision strategy to address salient environmental issues and strictly enforce the environmental responsibilities of local governments. This study collects and organizes CEPI inspection reports covering three stages that encompass the first round, the “look back”, and the second round, applying text analysis to obtain sample data and conduct statistical quantification of word frequency in inspection reports and identify notable changes. The study explores the allocation of CEPI attention between policy objectives and the intensity of policy instruments. We determine that in conjunction with public opinion feedback, the CEPI conducts targeted inspections and focuses more on pollutant governance, which has high severity and can be addressed quickly. The CEPI fills the gap of normalized governance with a campaign-style governance approach. Regarding the intensity of policy measures, the CEPI primarily uses economic incentive policy instruments, supplemented by command-and-control and public guidance approaches, advancing the sustainability of regulatory effectiveness through economic, social, and political activities. This study extends knowledge in the field of CEPI policy priorities and implementation, expanding the literature related to outcomes of environmental policy in developing countries.

Environmental Responsibilities of Local Governments as PI Holders in Upstream Oil and Gas Operations

Allocating participating interest (“PI”) is crucial for managing upstream oil and gas operations as it determines the rights and obligations of contractors, including their responsibility to ensure health, safety, and environmental awareness under the regulatory framework, production sharing contract (“PSC”) or operations agreement (“OA”). This paper examines the role of local governments as 10% PI holders towards promoting environmental compliance and ensuring sustainable oil and gas development. The research adopts a juridical-normative approach by reviewing secondary data sources and academic literatures in order to identify specific forms of environmental responsibility available to local governments as 10% PI holders under the progressive law doctrine, relevant regulations within the context of upstream operations and provide recommendations to improve their effectiveness in fulfilling their environmental obligations. The findings contribute to the sustainable management of the sector by providing valuable regulatory insights into the environmental responsibility of local governments as 10% PI holders.

Local governments as gatekeepers to community gardens: what does “support” mean?

ABSTRACT In Australia, community gardens (CGs) commonly take the form of communally-operated growing spaces situated on public land administered by local governments (LGs). LGs and their policies are gatekeepers for CGs, and their support can determine garden viability; however, evidence regarding the nature of “support” in this context is limited. This research identified CG policies through the websites of all LGs (n = 207) in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, Australia and analysed these policies to describe which LGs have a CG policy, the aims of LGs’ support, the departments responsible for CGs, and what practical supports LGs provide. Thirty-nine CG policies were analysed. Most commonly, policies existed to provide a standardised framework for how LG would facilitate community groups to establish and manage CGs, and to define the roles and responsibilities of LG and community groups. Departments responsible for CG policy implementation were categorised as Community, Environment and Infrastructure, Planning, and/or Strategic and Corporate. Overall, LGs took a “hands-off” facilitator role, rather than one of an implementation partner. Common supports during application and establishment included LG arranging a licence agreement for leasing the land, assisting with site identification, and helping groups with the application process. During the garden maintenance phase, the most common supports were providing platforms for networking between CGs, providing education and information, assisting groups to apply for grants, and providing in-kind support. Recommendations for LGs, community members, and other levels of government are provided. Key Policy Highlights Currently, the nature of support provided by Australian local governments to community gardens is variable and largely limited to a “facilitator” role. Local government support could be strengthened by producing clear and comprehensive policies, reducing bureaucratic red tape, and institutionalising processes that preserve public land for food production. All levels of government can allocate ongoing funding for edible gardens at community level.

Environmental Health-Based Medical Waste Management: Implementation of Local Government Responsibilities in Central Java

Purpose: Medical waste, generated by hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, has the potential for harm if not managed properly. The responsibility of the Central Java local government in managing medical waste is the main focus in this study. This study aims to determine the extent of the implementation of local government obligations in Central Java in carrying out their obligations to manage medical waste in maintaining environmental health. Methods/design/approach: This research uses descriptive analysis methods and case studies, by collecting data from primary and secondary sources, such as government policies, regulations, and medical waste management practices. Results: The results showed that the Central Java regional government has taken significant steps in an effort to manage medical waste by taking into account environmental health principles. They have issued regulations governing the collection, treatment, and disposal of medical waste, as well as providing guidelines to health facilities in the implementation of safe medical waste management practices. However, the study also revealed a number of challenges in implementing local government responsibilities. Some hospitals and clinics may still not fully comply with existing regulations, and medical waste management infrastructure may need to be improved in some areas. Conclusion: Environmental health-based medical waste management is a crucial aspect in maintaining public health and environmental sustainability in Central Java. Local governments have taken significant steps, but there are still challenges that need to be overcome. With further efforts in improving infrastructure, awareness, and supervision, it is expected that medical waste management in Central Java will become more effective, safe, and sustainable. It will support public health and contribute to the sustainable development goals in Central Java.

Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced Study on the Optimization of the Responsibility and Compensation Mechanism for Provincial Cultivated Land Retention from a Fairness Perspective

Research Objectives: Considering the complex challenges arising from urbanization, population growth, and the consequential strain on China’s cultivated land resources, we integrate insights from advanced artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The primary objective is to quantitatively assess the cultivated land-holding responsibility of local governments in China from a fairness perspective. Our aim is to integrate the cultivated land responsibility ownership amount into the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection, thereby promoting fairness, cultivated land conservation, and sustainable agricultural development across Chinese provinces while ensuring efficient agricultural product distribution. Research Methodology: Beyond a traditional literature review and model analysis, we incorporated AI technology for data analysis and model optimization. Findings: ① The findings demonstrate a surplus in both food security and ecological security within cultivated land. ② In-depth analysis via AI revealed that the provinces with the largest surplus include Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hubei. ③ With the precision provided by AI, we delineated the minimum value of the cultivated land responsibility ownership amount for each province. Eleven provinces met this criterion, primarily located in the northeast and central regions and including Yunnan in the west. ④ From a fairness perspective, coupled with AI insights, we established a compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection that is better suited to the Chinese context. Based on this mechanism, the national average compensation standard was calculated to be 26,900 CNY per hectare. The highest standards were observed in Shanghai, Beijing, and Jiangsu, while the lowest were in Shanxi, Heilongjiang, and Gansu.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERCEPATAN PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGGULANGAN STUNTING DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI KEMADIRIAN KESEHATAN DI KABUPATEN BONE BOLANGO

This study aims to analyze the policy to accelerate stunting prevention and control in Bone Bolango Regency and its implications for regional health independence in Gorontalo Province. The focus of this research is the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention and the implications of policies on health independence. The population is determined by purposive sampling and purposive sampling. The data analysis used is a qualitative descriptive method, namely identifying related to the implementation of policies to accelerate stunting prevention and the implications of policies for health independence. In general, the implementation of stunting prevention social policies in Bone Bolango Regency has been going well. The stunting prevention and control policy emphasizes aspects of commitment and responsibility of local governments and community participation as the main issues. The Bone Bolango district government is expected to maintain its commitment to overcome stunting problems by improving coordination in all regional apparatuses related to stunting. Public education is needed about the importance of eating nutritious foods with a balanced nutritional pattern. Improvement from the downstream side, namely by increasing agricultural production through intensification and extensification of agricultural cultivation, as well as providing decent jobs for the community, so as to increase people's purchasing power.

Analysis of the Implementation of Article 42 Of UUPMI No. 18/2017 on the Duties and Responsibilities of Village Governments Affecting the Vulnerability of Violence and Trafficking in Persons (TPPO) for Women Migrant Workers in Lampung Province

Most migrant workers in Lampung are women from the informal sector; they suffer issues such as non-procedural departure, unpaid salaries, fraud, harassment, and trafficking as a result of working in Lampung, Indonesia's sixth largest province, for placing migrant workers. UUPMI No. 18/2017 was passed to ensure the safety of migrant workers and their families. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to learn more about how Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017 on local government responsibilities is practiced, and second, to learn more about what obstacles hinder the implementation of the law. Secondary and primary data from literature research, field investigations, and qualitative analysis are utilized to inform both normative and empirical legal approaches. Partially implemented is Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017, which discusses the government's duty to safeguard the rights of migrant workers and to stop violence and TPPO against women in Lampung Province. Article 42 of UUPMI No. 18/2017 is not being implemented by village administrations due to a lack of personnel. Migrant farm workers from rural areas lack access to social programs, education, and resources due to a lack of financial support. Provincial, district, and municipal governments do not coordinate or share statistics with one another.

Water entrepreneurship and financialisation: Complexities for the attainment of SDG in sub-Saharan Africa

This study explores the potential of water financialisation and entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to supplant the traditional responsibility of national, state, and local governments in providing public water supply, aligning with SDG Goals. Despite its typical association with the global north, a shifting landscape reveals emerging financial actors and multinational companies playing a more prominent role, prompting governance and accountability inquiries. Given the dearth of investment and persisting challenges in SSA's water infrastructure, the burgeoning involvement of financial actors and capital management entities in the water cycle seems inevitable. However, this trend raises concerns about exacerbating global water stress. Through qualitative methods, the study engaged 50 SSA participants via open-ended questionnaires, analysed using thematic analysis. The findings underscore a nuanced perspective. While acknowledging the potential of water financialisation and entrepreneurship to drive essential investment in SSA's water sector, the research emphasizes the irreplaceable role of government in policy execution and safeguarding citizens' well-being. Government intervention remains crucial to ensuring equitable water access and sustainability. Additionally, the analysis suggests that overemphasizing water financialisation could divert attention from critical infrastructural and technological advancements needed in SSA's water sector. This underscores the necessity of a balanced and comprehensive approach to address the multifaceted challenges surrounding water availability, governance, and sustainability in the region.

Responsibility of Local Governments in Fulfilling the Right to Food

Government Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning Food Security and Nutrition states that the Provincial Government, Regency/City Government, and/or Village Government implement policies and are responsible for the implementation of food security in their respective regions. Food security must be prioritized, and support from the Local Government and the Central Government in maintaining food security is important to prevent food crises. This study aims to analyze the policy of the Regional Government in managing food needs and providing food reserves so as to provide protection for the fulfillment of the right to food in South Kalimantan. Through socio-juridical research methods (socio-legal) using an interdisciplinary or "hybrid" approach between aspects of normative legal research through sociological approaches using qualitative analysis methods, it will be possible to observe the compatibility between das sollen and das sein, namely the integrity of a detailed and careful explanation of legal issues between law in book and law in action. As a form of responsibility, the Provincial Government of South Kalimantan has stipulated Regional Regulation and Regency/City Regulation as well as Regent/Mayor Regulation related to food as a legal basis in making policies/programs/activities related to food management and also providing food reserves so that communities are protected and the rights to their food are fulfilled both in quantity, quality, safe, diverse, nutritious, equitable and affordable. The regulation made is also should not contrary to the religion, beliefs, and culture of the community, so that the community and the individuals are able to live healthy, active, and productive sustainably. The government is also coordinating the agencies/SKPD Regional Government both vertically and horizontally, and carrying out cooperation about this matter with other regions.

Human Development Index: Examining the Effect of Fiscal Decentralization and the Moderating Role of Private Investment

Bali Province is a tourist destination and has rapid economic growth in Indonesia, but Bali Province faces several challenges in terms of the Human Development Index (HDI). The achievement of HDI is the responsibility of local governments, especially in autonomous regions. With regional autonomy, the government has the flexibility to increase the degree of fiscal decentralization and design appropriate budget allocations. Bali Province is also one of the investment destinations for investors which certainly has an impact on people's lives. This research will try to examine the effect of the level of fiscal decentralization of a region on the achievement of the Human Development Index. This research also tries to use the role of private investment as a moderator. The research data comes from the financial statements and publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics of Bali Province for the period 2012-2021. The results of data testing show that fiscal decentralization has a positive and significant effect on HDI. Private investment has not been able to moderate the relationship between fiscal decentralization and HDI. When a region has a high level of financial independence, of course, the local government can more freely determine regional spending policies, especially to sectors that can increase HDI. In addition, local governments also need to pay attention to investments made by the private sector, so that they are in line with the government's objectives in increasing HDI.

Informing about mediation as a power of executive bodies of local self-government

The article examines the problem of low awareness in Ukrainian society of the right to mediation as a social service. According to the author, this does not correspond to Ukraine’s aspirations to practically implement the procedures for alternative dispute resolution recommended by international organisations, including mediation.The author emphasises that today, it is crucial to work on informing the public about mediation as a social service within the framework of Ukraine’s social policy. The decentralisation processes have brought local governments closer to the population, which undoubtedly contributes to providing complete and reliable information about the opportunities to receive social services. Informing recipients of social services about mediation is a direct responsibility of local governments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for them to inform the population about social mediation effectively.It is noted that the Law of Ukraine «On Social Services» includes informing the population about social services, including mediation, in a form accessible to persons with any type of health disorder (Article 11, part 4) as a part of the powers of executive bodies of local self-government (as a subject of the social services system). This power correlates with the right of recipients of social services to receive from executive bodies of local self-government complete and comprehensive information on social services, including mediation, in a form accessible to persons with any type of health impairment (Article 12, paragraph 3, part 1). The author conditionally distinguishes three components of the powers of executive bodies of local self-government to inform about social services, including mediation (object of information, subjects of information, form of information) and reveals their content. The article examines the issue of parliamentary control over the observance of the right to information of recipients of social services, as well as liability for its violation.

Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Nomor 47 Tahun 2021 tentang Santunan Kematian Bagi Masyarakat Miskin di Kabupaten Bojonegoro


 Indonesia is one of the developing countries with a fairly high poverty problem. In this problem, the government solves the main problem, namely poverty in the form of policy programs to meet the needs for the welfare of the community. With the high poverty rate, the Bojonegoro Regency Government provides a program as a sense of government concern for the people of Bojonegoro. This program is intended as a manifestation of the responsibility of local governments to improve community welfare equally. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of the implementation of the death benefit program in Bojonegoro Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach, where the data obtained comes from interviews, observations and documentation as the main source, while secondary data comes from relevant books and scientific articles.The result of this study is that the implementation of the death benefit program is still not fully running optimally. There are implications, especially in terms of socialization and changes in the system to online implementation of the program.
 Keywords: Policy Implementation, Poverty, Social Security Death

Local government institutions in Ghana: Core partners in health and safety performance in the construction industry

The potential contribution of district assemblies to improving health and safety in Ghana's construction industry has not been investigated. This paper attempts to identify the local government responsibilities that could influence health and safety performance in the construction industry and to develop a confirmatory factor model based on these responsibilities. The paper adopted a positivist philosophy and a deductive methodology. A literature search was conducted to identify the local government factors that could potentially impact health and safety performance in the Ghanaian construction industry. These factors were adapted and designed into a questionnaire, and the generated questionnaires were distributed to respondents for their feedback. It was identified using the relative importance index that “the development of sanctions for violating occupational health and safety statutory obligations,” “the institution of local government occupational health and safety approval and certification for new projects,” and “the creation of occupational health and safety departments and committees that are adequately resourced to assist the Department of Factories Inspectorate” were the three most important roles that district assemblies could play as partners to improve health and safety in the construction industry. Conversely, the multivariate analysis identified the evaluation of the safety policies and risk management plans of contractors and suppliers as the most important role local government institutions could play in improving health and safety in the construction industry. The result of the study suggests that local government efforts, when given the needed attention and support, could advance health and safety in the industry. The practical implication of the study is that it identifies the roles of district assemblies that could enhance health and safety in Ghana's construction industry. All district assemblies should consider implementing these health and safety initiatives in their districts and ensuring they are regularly enforced and evaluated.

LOCAL LANGUAGE AS REPRESENTATION OF LOCAL WISDOM IN THE WEST SUMATRA REGIONAL REGULATION

Language in the regional regulations discourse of West Sumatra Province differs from other regulations in Indonesia. It is marked by the use of local language in the regulations aiming to strengthen local wisdom and values. The study of the local language and Minangkabau cultures in regional regulation explains the necessity of using local language in laws and regulations and the implementation of Law Number 22 of 1999 about regional government, authorities, and responsibilities of local governments in the fields of language and literature. Within a discourse analysis approach, this study identified the linguistic units of the local language in the West Sumatra Province’s special regional regulation (SRR) and examined how the local language carries and promotes local wisdom and values of Minangkabau people. The results of this study indicate that the words and phrases of local language in the SRR represents local wisdom values of Minangkabau people as shown in Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah, tanah ulayat, jua ndak makan bali gadai ndak makan sando, Adat Salingka Nagari, bajanjang naiak, batanggo turun, ganggam bauntuak, and sako pusako. The resistance of the local language in the SRR maintains local wisdom values that reflect the sociocultural life of the Minangkabau people.

Assessing water scarcity narratives in Brazil – Challenges for urban governance

Analyzing water scarcity narratives is important for formulating policies. However, narratives and discourse are not neutral but are deeply embedded in societal contexts. They have the power to influence decision-making processes by legitimizing some solutions and disregarding others, as well as by including or excluding the needs of specific social groups. In this study, we examine water scarcity narratives in Brazil, identify those that perpetuate and support strategic viewpoints and determine which types of narratives possess the most persuasive and coordinative power. Furthermore, we aimed to understand how framing the issue impacts local-level solutions, policies, governance, and water management, specifically emphasizing the state of Sao Paulo. We analyzed a large textual dataset from Brazilian newspaper articles from 2010 to 2021, utilizing machine-learning text classification tools, an essential method in Natural Language Processing. Our findings indicate that the water scarcity narrative in Brazil is multifaceted and encompass various narrative typologies that offer insights into different aspects of the issue. These typologies include narratives on institutional, management/mismanagement, escalating deforestation, and causal factors such as reduced rainfall. These narratives tend to downplay the responsibility of local governments for effective water management and align with climate-centric perspectives. Furthermore, various groups have politically appropriated some narratives, including those promoting denial narratives, which undermine the severity of the water scarcity problem and emphasize the abundance of this resource. On the other hand, water justice narratives bring attention to the challenges of limited access to water and inadequate infrastructure. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought these issues to the forefront revealing the urgent need for equitable water distribution and improved infrastructure.

Local self-government bodies and military administrations: current problems of functioning under martial law

Russia's large-scale invasion into Ukraine has become a new challenge for society and the government and has provoked a number of crises and problems that seriously complicate the functioning of the state. Presidential Decree No. 64 dated 24 February 2022, “On the Introduction of Martial Law in Ukraine”, introduced martial law throughout Ukraine.
 The functioning of the authorities, the life of citizens on the ground, and the resolution of a number of new issues have all become the responsibility of local governments. The primary task was to provide maximum support to the military command and help the community to function. Local self-government in Ukraine has demonstrated a high level of efficiency under martial law. On the example of Kharkiv region, a number of problematic issues of regulatory and legal regulation of the functioning of local self-government bodies and military administrations, the scope of their powers and functioning under the legal regime of martial law have been highlighted in the article. Recommendations have been made to improve and delimit the powers of local self-government bodies and military administrations.
 Ukraine’s experience gained during the war has demonstrated the importance of encouraging self-organisation of the population before centralising governance. And this once again confirms the importance of local governments for ensuring the normal functioning of the state as a whole. Further research is planned to be devoted to the prospects for the development of the local self-government system in the post-war period.