Responsibility Of Government Research Articles

A critical overview of how English health and social care publications represent autistic adults’ intimate lives

Autistic people face more social barriers to, and experience greater anxiety around, intimate relationships than the general population in our majority neurotypical society, leading to increased loneliness and social isolation. National health and social care policies and publications should recognise these inequalities and guide service systems in reducing them. In this paper, we employ a document analysis design to analyse a cross-section of English national health and social care publications to investigate how autistic adults’ intimate lives are represented and prioritised in these publications. Most publications do not adequately and proportionally recognise or prioritise autistic people's intimate lives. They focus on the risks associated with sex and relationships and overlook autism-specific intimacy needs. They prioritise participation in the workforce while renouncing government responsibility for supporting intimate relationships which can reduce loneliness and alienation. We offer recommendations to ensure that health and social care publication processes better recognise intimate lives.

Integrating public health in European climate change adaptation policy and planning

ABSTRACT The study assesses the extent to which public health is integrated into European national and urban climate change adaptation policy and planning. We analyse national adaptation documents from the 27 European Union member states and interview city-level experts (n = 17) on the integration of three categories of adaptation efforts: general efforts to minimize health impacts related to climate change, targeted efforts to enhance resilience in health systems, and supportive efforts to foster the potential of the first two categories. At a national level, general efforts to address vector-borne diseases and heat-related illness are covered comprehensively, whereas efforts addressing several climate-related health risks are neglected (e.g. water-borne diseases, injuries from extreme weather and cardiopulmonary health) or overlooked (e.g. malnutrition and mental health). Targeted efforts to inform policy decisions, such as carrying out research, risk monitoring and assessments, are often described in detail, but efforts to manage day-to-day health care delivery and emergency situations receive little attention. At the urban level, health issues receive less attention in climate adaptation policy and planning. If health topics are included, they are often described as indirect benefits of adaptation efforts in other sectors and not perceived as the priority of the involved authorities. This effectively means that general and targeted efforts are the responsibility of other sectoral departments, while supportive efforts are the responsibility of the national government or external organizations. As a result, at an urban level, climate-related health system adaptation is not a policy aim in its own right, and many potentially high health risks are being ignored. In order for health risks to be better integrated into adaptation policy and planning, it is critical to interconnect national and urban levels, reduce sectoral thinking and welcome external expertize and facilitate large-scale data collection and sharing of health and climate indicators. Key policy insights We recommend focussing on cooperatively drafting strategies for integrating health issues into climate policy and planning with stakeholders at the national and urban levels, in different policy sectors and in society. Policy planners can build on the strengths of adaptation documents from other countries or cities and take note of any weaknesses. We advocate to foster co-benefits for health and climate action of various adaptation measures (e.g. by promoting active mobility and urban greenery, health impacts related to heat, (mental and physical) stress and air pollution are reduced). Large-scale data collection and sharing of health and climate indicators should be facilitated to support learning and pro-active decision-making.

How to Enhance Citizens' Sense of Gain in Smart Cities? A SWOT-AHP-TOWS Approach.

The previous technology-centric development of smart cities mainly focuses on the numbers, diversities, and types of applied intelligent technologies, while the citizen-centric smart city has become an important paradigm for improving the sustainability of cities around the world. The citizens' sense of gain (CSG), which considers both material acquisition and spiritual feelings of smart city services, is thus proposed and regarded as one of the core orientations in the smart cities' transformation development process from the centric of advanced technology applied to the centric of citizen subjective perception. To shift smart cities from being technology-centric to citizen-centric, it is critical to identify the factors influencing CSG and develop appropriate strategies to enhance CSG in smart cities. Hence, this work identifies 17 key CSG influencing factors based on the dimensions dissected from the definition of CSG and it further formulates 15 strategies for enhancing CSG by adopting the SWOT-AHP-TOWS method based on data collected from Nanjing citizens. The results indicate that the most important criteria for enhancing CSG in smart cities are the external opportunities, which are originated from citizens' attitudes and behaviors, and the top-ranked strategy is "dividing smart infrastructure into different categories according to the hierarchy needs of citizens and promoting the synergy development of smart infrastructure within and among different categories". Finally, four implications are proposed, including (i) strengthening publicity and encouraging citizen participation, (ii) clarifying the responsibilities of local governments, (iii) prioritizing citizens' needs, and (iv) promoting age-friendly, vulnerable-friendly, and environmental-friendly development.

International aspects of anti-vaccination attitude: implications for public health (literature review)

Successful immunization programmes are the result of high vaccine effectiveness and timely use. Numerous studies have shown that immunization will be effective with government support, taking into account the local culture of the population, and approaches to vaccination to optimize results. Purpose. Summarize the world’s data on existing immunization programs and their accompanying problems. Literature search methods included search queries, in the form of a set of keywords «vaccination/vaccine», «immunization», «anti-vaxxers», «pandemic», «public health» followed by full-text sources, Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, The Cochrane Library. In the information retrieval systems, the analysis of the results was carried out, taking into account full compliance with the specified criteria of search among documents and sites. Unlike most medicines, which have limited benefits, vaccines prevent serious diseases and their public health consequences. Immunization outcome is determined by assessing the impact directly on the vaccinated person, indirectly on the unvaccinated community. The success of immunization depends on a level of universal coverage sufficient to interrupt pathogen transmission. Declines in immunization coverage will lead to a resurgence of diseases and new outbreaks with significant gain in the morbidity and mortality rate. In many cases, refusal to vaccinate is the result of people listening to beliefs and copying the behavior of others. An important consequence of this misperception is the potential involvement in the spread of an infectious pathogen due to the false belief that “vaccination is harmful”. Thus, ensuring the success of the continuity of immunization programs is the responsibility of citizens, health professionals and government, among others.

Community Engagement and Diverse River Values: A Case Study of Dyarubbin

ABSTRACT This paper draws on the example of Dyarubbin (Nepean River), an urban river in Sydney, Australia, to illuminate how community engagement facilitates the expression of diverse river values. Combining Indigenous water justice, critical planning scholarship, and a scalar approach to values, and drawing on qualitative research conducted in 2021, we discuss how diverse community values have been represented in strategies for the river and consider which values are overlooked in these processes. We conclude by arguing that values for Dyarubbin are contested and diverse, however the rigid nature of engagement frameworks and the scalar nature of government responsibilities have reduced engagement’s influence on planning outcomes.

Who should measure air quality in modern cities? The example of decentralization of urban air quality monitoring in Krasnoyarsk (Siberia, Russia)

Researchers have warned that the paradigm about who should measure air quality (AQ) in cities can change as low-cost commercial sensors for monitoring atmospheric composition gain global popularity. The new paradigm implies the expansion of the traditionally governmental responsibilities for AQ monitoring (to collect, interpret, and explain the data) to previously uninvolved actors. This study reports a first practical example of such changed AQ paradigm that occurred in a large industrial city of Krasnoyarsk (Russia). We describe how severe problems with urban AQ and a limited access to the AQ data from governmental sensors triggered decentralization of the AQ monitoring in the city. The decentralization is manifested by the fact that both governmental network and crowdfund-based activist AQ network, are being used for scientific and, to some extent, advisory purposes. The decentralization was foremost established due to the ambiguous quantitative information about AQ provided to users by the governmental network, exacerbated by efficient alternatives for alleviating this gap, offered by the activists. The unique decentralization of AQ monitoring in Krasnoyarsk can transform into the synergy between the government and citizen action aimed on easing air pollution as the governmental organizations can efficiently reinforce the resources (funds and manpower), and provide legal and technical support, while civic action groups with established audience can consolidate targeted groups of citizens for formulating efficient city-wide strategies in AQ management. Such synergy can become an inspiring example for the cities with degraded AQ, where the official monitoring is plagued by financial or technological limitations.

Economic Strain in Post-Communist Countries and the Rest of Europe: Attitudes Towards the Unemployed and the Old

This paper investigates attitudes towards the welfare state measured as government responsibility towards the standard of living of the unemployed and the old. The article focuses on the differences between post-communist countries and the rest of Europe, contextualised using the self-interest theory, specifically economic strain. Data on thirty one European countries gleaned from the European Social Survey collected in 2008 and 2016 are analysed using multilevel methods. The findings show that even though citizens in post-communist countries are purportedly more in favour of government intervention in regard to the welfare state, perceptible differences emerge based on individual characteristics, namely economic strain, combined with whether the respondent lives in a post-communist country. The cross-national differences in welfare support between post-communist countries and the rest of Europe are largely driven by differences in economic strain, with citizens in post-communist countries that struggle financially exhibiting higher support for welfare state provisions in comparison to their peers in countries without a communist legacy.

How can governance strategies be developed for marine ecological environment pollution caused by sea-using enterprises? — A study based on evolutionary game theory

The governance of marine ecological environmental pollution is not only the responsibility of the central government (CG) but also requires the cooperation of multiple stakeholders, such as local governments (LGs) and sea-using enterprises (SEs). Using marine ecological environment pollution governance in coastal areas as the research object, this paper establishes a three-party evolutionary game model and analyzes the interests and preferences of stakeholders to demonstrate how CG affects the strategic choice of LGs and SEs by formulating marine pollution control policies, such as marine ecological damage compensation and performance appraisal. On this basis, using numerical simulation technology, a numerical simulation analysis is conducted by introducing policy indicators, including performance appraisal criteria for LGs, the amount of marine ecological damage compensation and penalties. The results show that without the implementation of strict marine ecological environment governance policies, stakeholders will fall into the prisoner dilemma of “irregular partial supervision by CG, partial implementation by LGs and partial compliance by SEs”. However, the incentive compatibility among the CG, LGs and SEs can be realized by increasing the proportion of ecological environment performance appraisal of LGs, levying marine ecological damage compensation for SEs and penalties for both stakeholders. In that case, LGs and SEs will also implement marine ecological environment protection and governance strategies even if the CG chooses a loose supervision strategy. On this basis, related policy implications are finally proposed, which can improve the efficiency of the governance of the marine ecological damage and environmental pollution caused by SEs and realize the sustainable development of the marine economy.

Plant leaf proteins for food applications: Opportunities and challenges.

Plant-based proteins are gaining a lot of attention for their health benefits and are considered as an alternative to animal proteins for developing sustainable food systems. Against the backdrop, ensuring a healthy diet supplemented with good quality protein will be a massive responsibility of governments across the globe. Increasing the yield of food crops has its limitations, including low acceptance of genetically modified crops, land availability for cultivation, and the need for large quantities of agrochemicals. It necessitates the sensible use of existing resources and farm output to derive the proteins. On average, the protein content of plant leaves is similar to that of milk, which can be efficiently tapped for food applications across the globe. There has been limited research on utilizing plant leaf proteins for food product development over the years, which has not been fruitful. However, the current global food production scenario has pushed some leading economies to reconsider the scope of plant leaf proteins with dedicated efforts. It is evident from installing pilot-scale demonstration plants for protein extraction from agro-food residues to cater to the protein demand with product formulation. The present study thoroughly reviews the opportunities and challenges linked to the production of plant leaf proteins, including its nutritional aspects, extraction and purification strategies, anti-nutritional factors, functional and sensory properties in food product development, and finally, its impact on the environment. Practical Application: Plant leaf proteins are one of the sustainable and alternative source of proteins. It can be produced in most of the agroclimatic conditions without requiring much agricultural inputs. It's functional properties are unique and finds application in novel food product formulations.

FEATURES OF ENSURING AND GUARANTEEING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

The aim of the article is to examine the main problems of ensuring women’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In particular, the peculiarities of the legal status of Iranian women in the sphere of economy, education and in the reproductive sphere are considered. The legislative guarantee of women’s political rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran is analyzed. It has been proved that the main factor of changes in the gender issue is the normative and legal framework, because it officially establishes in all spheres of society the relevant norms of behavior aimed at respecting the rights of women and men. It was established that the main law in the country, despite the strong influence of the Koran, remains the Constitution (1979), which not only prescribes in detail the basic rights of women, but also defines the degree of government responsibility for ensuring women’s rights in all spheres of public life. However, in other legal documents, women’s rights in Iran are generally considered limited. It was revealed that Iran is still one of the UN member states that has not signed the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979). Although Iran’s parliament passed a bill to join the convention in May 2003, the bill was rejected after being sent to the Guardian Council, which is responsible for approving new legislation in the country. The above-mentioned Council cites vague religious contradictions, being under pressure from conservatives in government. The country’s national legislation was found to contain many barriers for women to access basic rights in areas such as employment, marriage and citizenship. Although the situation of women’s rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has improved recently, women continue to experience marginalization, violence and repression. According to the civil code of the country, where the rights of women in marriage and in the family are enshrined, the dominance of the man in the family is recorded. At the same time, the lack of legal instruments for the protection of women’s rights has created an atmosphere of impunity for acts of violence against women committed by men. It has been found that women from national minorities are in an extremely difficult situation in Iran, who often face intersectional discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, language or religion.

Coercive and mimetic isomorphic mechanisms for service provision: The creation of nonprofit organizations in Mexico before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Nonprofit organizations represent diverse efforts of collective action and service provision, and have for some time been collaborators to public governance systems in developed and developing economies. In this article, we contribute to the limited empirical and analytical study in the field of public policy and administration about the operational environments that enable or constrain nonprofits in the provision of public goods and services. The operational environment for organized civil society, namely for nonprofits, includes the combination of their regulatory, political, and funding contexts. By analyzing the purposes of 296 new nonprofits registered between 2016 to 2020 in Mexico, the empirical context of our inquiry, we find that as resources have declined, new nonprofits adopt isomorphic mechanisms by resembling their purposes to the services the government intends to support. Nonprofits have also responded to the pandemic by focusing more than before on areas related to health, social assistance, and funeral services. The study contributes to bigger questions about the relationships between and balance across the responsibilities of governments and nonprofits, including during the COVID pandemic, and to the understanding of nonprofits as service providers in public governance.

Problematika Pendidikan Islam di Era Otonomi Daerah

Education is the most important element in building a nation, even often said the progress of a nation can be seen from how good the quality of education in the country. Therefore, it can be said that between education and the State influence each other. For example, in Indonesia, the role of the government is very large in determining the quality of education, if the quality of education in Indonesia is good, it will bring progress to the nation. So, it has become imperative for the Government to continue to make efforts to improve the quality of education, starting from improving the curriculum, learning strategies, even to the level of policy (the enactment of Regional Autonomy) where education is the responsibility of the central government (centralistic) then turns to the authority of the Regional Government of Provinces, Districts / Municipalities is very influential (decentralist). This paper will discuss more deeply the third point of one of the efforts to improve the quality of education mentioned above. Whether this decentralization policy is the best solution in education or still leaves various problems, and more where are the positive values between centralization and decentralization towards improving the quality of education in Indonesia.

How smallpox inoculation united America.

Government responsibility for public health shaped the fledgling nation’s concepts of freedom. Government responsibility for public health shaped the fledgling nation’s concepts of freedom.

Local Government Policy In Distribution Of Healthcare Workforce During The Covid-19 Pandemic (Kebumen Regency)

The main responsibility of the Indonesian government is to protect its citizens, including in the healthcare sector. However, the Government of Kebumen Regency has not fully implemented the responsibility. The research questions are (1) what were the policies of the local government of Kebumen Regency concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic? (2) How do legal theories address any issues related to the local government policies concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic? This was a qualitative descriptive study which used a sociological or empirical non-doctrinal method. The study was carried out in Kebumen Regency and the sources consisted of the Head of the Healthcare Agency, one human resource analyst, and one healthcare worker. This study operated under various theories, including Aristotelian political ethics and the will to power by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. This study found that the regent of Kebumen Regency had not demonstrated concern in distributing healthcare workforce to healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The policy issued by the government of Kebumen Regency concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce is considered inappropriate. The political ethics theory shows that local government could issue policies concerning the distribution of healthcare workforce regardless of the existing needs for healthcare human resources. The will to power theory shows that local government policies can be considered as either appropriate or inappropriate policy.

Analysis and prediction of the temporal and spatial evolution of carbon emissions in China's eight economic regions.

Facing increasingly severe environmental problems, as the largest developing country, achieving regional carbon emission reduction is the performance of China's fulfillment of the responsibility of a big government and the key to the smooth realization of the global carbon emission reduction goal. Since China's carbon emission data is updated slowly, in order to better formulate the corresponding emission reduction strategy, it is necessary to propose a more accurate carbon emission prediction model on the basis of fully analyzing the characteristics of carbon emissions at the provincial and regional levels. Given this, this paper first calculated the carbon emissions of eight economic regions in China from 2005 to 2019 according to relevant statistical data. Secondly, with the help of kernel density function, Theil index and decoupling index, the dynamic evolution characteristics of regional carbon emissions are discussed. Finally, an improved particle swarm optimization radial basis function (IPSO-RBF) neural network model is established to compare the simulation and prediction models of China's carbon emissions. The results show significant differences in carbon emissions in different regions, and the differences between high-value and low-value areas show an apparent expansion trend. The inter-regional carbon emission difference is the main factor in the overall carbon emission difference. The economic region in the middle Yellow River (ERMRYR) has the most considerable contribution to the national carbon emission difference, and the main contributors affecting the overall carbon emission difference in different regions are different. The number of regions with strong decoupling between carbon emissions and economic development is increasing in time series. The results of the carbon emission prediction model can be seen that IPSO-RBF neural network model optimizes the radial basis function (RBF) neural network, making the prediction result in a minor error and higher accuracy. Therefore, when exploring the path of carbon emission reduction in different regions in the future, the IPSO-RBF neural network model is more suitable for predicting carbon emissions and other relevant indicators, laying a foundation for putting forward more scientific and practical emission reduction plans.

Urbanizing Human Rights Law: Cities, Local Governance and Corporate Power

AbstractThis article considers ways in which human rights law ought to respond to a growingly urban global order of blurred private—corporate—and state power. Fragmented and dispersed power comes together, in different configurations of public and private, in the cities and towns of the world. For this reason, local government presents the appropriate scale at which to re-conceptualize the operation of international human rights norms, also against private power. This requires engaging not only with the reach and leanings of international human rights standards but also with the manner in which they are rendered applicable, through domestic constitutional law, against state and non-state actors at a local scale. The urbanization of human rights law accordingly also requires a second look at the powers, competencies and responsibilities of urban local government under domestic constitutional law.

Zoning method of aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region in the Daqing River Basin, China

Watershed management needs more information on ecological function and services in large regions. Spatial units are particularly important for the watershed management. Zoning of aquatic ecosystem functional management region refers to the zoning of terrestrial ecosystems as per the characteristics of aquatic ecosystems, providing an ecological background and basic spatial units for water environment management in basins. Although basin water environment management based on aquatic ecosystem functional management region and control unit is highly effective in practice, the current need for refined management of water environments cannot be met by existing zoning schemes of aquatic ecosystem functional management regions and control units. In response to the need to protect basin water environments, which is raised in the 14th Five-Year plan, a zoning method of aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region for basins is proposed in this study. It features an effective integration of aquatic ecosystem functional management regions and control units and township-level administrative divisions, thus contributing to the implementation of a basin water environment management system that fulfils the zoning, grading, classification and period goals of aquatic ecosystem functional management. In this way, it can satisfy the business application of administrative management and refined management of water environments, which features coupling terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and unification of water resources, water environments and aquatic ecology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed zoning method were verified by using the Daqing River Basin, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, China, as a case study. The results were accepted by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, which can provide scientific rationale and technical support for the accurate and differentiated watershed water environments management and ecological restoration of coastal wetlands in the Haihe River Basin based on aquatic ecosystem functional management fourth-level region with clear responsibility for the local government during the period of the 14th Five-Year plan.

He Settlement of Human Rights Violations Towards Indonesian Marintime Workers in Chinese Ship

Indonesia is the third largest contributor for Marintime Workers after China and Philiphine. The reason for those Indonesian Marintime Workers to work in the foreign ship is to have a decent standard of living. However, those workers are still having to encounter inhumane treatment such as slavery, exploitation, and discrimination from their employers. These inhumane treatment toward Indonesian Marintime Workers in Chinese ship is closely related to the Human Rights Violations. Human Rights is the rights inhereted to all human beings since they were in the womb (in a living state) until they are dead and could not be obstructed by others. Therefore, this should be the government responsibility to settle the matter. In order to settle those inhumane treatment towards the Indonesian Marintime Workers, Indonesian Government could implemented the 3 requirement of diplomatic asylum which is An Internation Wrong, Exhaustion of Local Remidies, Link of Nationality as well as delegated a representative agency to sue the employers through legal action and call into court based on precondition of the investigation results which refers to the Indonesia Labor Law as well as International Labor Law.

Supporting and Obstacling Factors of Communication Planning in Management of COVID-19 in Bima Town

Covid-19 is a disease outbreak that is contagious throughout the world. Everyone feels the bad impact of this pandemic, both developing countries and Indonesia are no exception. Covid-19 has spread to all regions in Indonesia, including Bima Town. Bima Town is the east gate to enter the NTB area. Bima Town was able to handle this pandemic well, as evidenced by being the only area in NTB that is included in the Green Zone. This disease outbreak that has spread widely has greatly affected the life of creatures on this earth, such as the social, religious, economic, political and so on. Prevention efforts continue to be carried out by the Bima Town government as a form of government responsibility for the impacts and dangers of this pandemic on people's lives. This study aims to determine the factors that hinder and support the government's efforts in preventing and overcoming the dangers of Covid-19 in Bima Town by using a qualitative approach research method where the method used is a case study that departs from the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic carried out by the government. This is in accordance with the aim of the researcher to describe, analyze and explain the communication planning of a local government in the Town of Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. The research technique used is purposive sampling, which is a technique to find and determine informants by means of researchers selecting certain people who are considered to be able to provide the data needed then based on data or information obtained from informants. The results of the research that hampered the performance of the task force in preventing Covid-19 in the Town of Bima were social media that discussed issues about the untruth of Covid-19 so that people became paranoid. But in reality the public is able to accept when the government tries to educate and socialize so that it can minimize all what is stigmatized such as preparing vaccines, supporting infrastructure, budgets, public spaces that are able to be well maintained and education both through social media and other media.

Criminal Acts of Gratification Between Doctors and Pharmaceutical Companies

The system of health services and medical services run by the medical profession, deals with medical ethics and the problems that arise in medical ethics. Normative juridical research method, with descriptive analytical specifications. Normative legal research is research that only uses secondary data sources, namely legislation and legal theories. The basic needs of human life are the main thing in the fulfillment of the right to public health. The government's responsibility in fulfilling the right to health is to regulate, foster, and supervise the implementation of health efforts that are equitable and affordable by the community and improve the health status of the community. This need for health is felt by the community, which ultimately makes doctors a much-needed profession. One of the services provided is the provision of health, where patients should receive drugs according to their needs. This is where the crime of gratification occurs. It should be noted that gratification is included in the criminal act of corruption. Efforts to overcome crime in criminal acts of gratification with penal and no-penal efforts. According to criminal policy, penal measures are efforts to eradicate criminal acts of gratification. When the case occurs, legal remedies will be carried out according to the provisions in the law through criminal justice. Meanwhile, efforts to tackle non-permanent crimes are preventive in nature. This prevention is important and considered effective to prevent such cases from happening