Respective Caregivers Research Articles

A Description of Patient and Provider Experience and Clinical Outcomes After Heart Failure Shared Medical Appointment.

Background:Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are clinical visits in which several patients meet with 1 or more providers at the same time.Objective:To describe the outcomes of an interdisciplinary SMA for veterans recently discharged for heart failure (HF).Methods:A retrospective chart review for patients’ readmission rates, survival, medication adherence, and medication-related problems. For qualitative outcomes, we performed semistructured interviews on 12 patients who had undergone HF SMAs and their respective caregivers focusing on care satisfaction, HF knowledge, disease self-care, medication reconciliation, and peer support.Results:The cohort comprised 70 patients—49% had left ventricular function <40% and 50% were prescribed >10 medications. Medication-related problems occurred in 60% of patients. Interviews revealed overall satisfaction with HF-SMA, but patients felt overwhelmed with HF instructions, perceived lack of peer support and self-efficacy, and feelings of hopelessness related to HF.Conclusion:Shared medical appointments are well-perceived. Medication problems and need for medication management are prevalent along with patient’s lack of self-efficacy in HF care. Multiple HF-SMA visits may be needed to reinforce concepts, reduce confusion, and garner peer support.

Abstract IA22: Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities

Abstract Evidence shows that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, defined as sexual minorities, have more cancer risk factors compared to heterosexual individuals. To date sexual minority cancer survivorship received some research attention, with a particular focus on breast cancer among sexual minority women. Cancer survivorship also extends beyond the sexual minority individual with the disease, affecting the spouse or partner, family members or friends. Moreover cancer is known to affect the informal caregiver, who provides unpaid help and support to an individual with cancer. To date, there is a dearth of information on the caregivers to sexual minority individuals with cancer. Comparative analyses of cancer survivors of different sexual orientations and their respective caregivers provide some of the necessary knowledge. A better understanding of sexual minorities with cancer and their caregivers can inform the later development of programs that are culturally appropriate and address the needs of sexual minority survivors and their caregivers. Citation Format: Ulrike Boehmer. Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.

Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis – Prevalence Patterns Across the EU-5

Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) is a clinical condition that affects patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has a spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms distinct from the hallmark motor symptoms. Although prior studies have reported on the prevalence of PDP in select European nations, variations in study design complicate study-to-study comparisons. In this study, we surveyed 1,667 medical practitioners across France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK (collectively, the EU-5) to estimate the prevalence of PDP or symptoms of psychosis among patients with PD. Analysis of the survey data suggest approximately 29% of the general PD population in the EU-5 exhibit signs of PDP. Among the PD population, country-specific rates of PDP are estimated at 30% in France, 27% in Germany, 34% in Italy, 30% in Spain and 21% in the UK. These rates appear in line with those reported in prior country-specific studies. Results from the subset of 437 neurologists who proceeded to take the full survey suggest the symptoms of PDP are disruptive to patients or their respective caregivers in approximately 53% of cases. These results provide a resource that enables cross-country comparison of PDP rates across these major European nations.

Caregiver Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Self-Care Deficit in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aims to investigate the level of caregiver burden of Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with self-care deficit. This cross-sectional study included a total of 65 caregivers (30 males, 35 females; mean age 52 years; range 20 to 79 years) of 65 RA inpatients (9 males, 56 females; mean age 59 years; range 20 to 85 years) with self-care deficit. Demographic data of patients and their respective caregivers were collected. The level of caregiver burden was defined using Caregiver Burden Inventory, a 24-item-five-domain survey tool. Correlation between different demographic factors and caregiver burden was analyzed. Predictive factors for burden level were also investigated. A mean Caregiver Burden Inventory score of 44.0±4.0 was observed among caregivers of Chinese RA patients with self-care deficit. Among the five Caregiver Burden Inventory domains, developmental burden scored the highest (11.7±1.4), while physical burden scored the lowest (6.7±1.0). Among various demographic factors, patients' age (r=0.306, p=0.013) and health insurance coverage (r=-0.246, p=0.04) were correlated with the level of caregiver burden. Besides, caregiver's educational level (r=-0.316, p=0.01), relationship of caregiver with the patient (r=0.355, p=0.004), and whether or not the caregiver lived with the patient (r=0.362, p=0.003) were also significant factors. Predictive factors for caregiver burden of RA patients were identified as patient's health insurance coverage and caregiver's relationship with the patient, in agreement with the correlation analysis. Since caregiver burden may contribute to adverse health outcomes, supportive interventions should be established to target Chinese RA patients with self-care deficit and their caregivers to consolidate the sustainable care provided both at hospital and home.

Caregiver Burden and Expressed Emotion in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia

Families often bears substantial amount of burden of any chronic psychiatric illness including schizophrenia. Only few Indian studies have studied expressed emotion and caregiver burden among patient with schizophrenia in India. Therefore, we aim to explore the burden and expressed emotion in caregivers of schizophrenia patents. Consecutive patient who meet the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study from July 2012 to April 2013 from outpatient department of psychiatry at Institute of Mental Health and Hospital Agra. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, domicile) was recorded on a semi structured questionnaire. Caregiver burden and expressed emotion were measured using Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) and Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (FEICS) respectively. Mean age of patient and caregivers of schizophrenia was 36.15 (SD = 9.58) and 39.12 (SD = 12.47) respectively. Majority of the schizophrenic patients and their respective caregivers were male (82 and 57.5 % respectively). Mean BAS, FEICSEOI and FEISCPC score were 79.7 (SD = 5.9), 2.7 (SD = 0.7) and 3.7 (SD = 0.5) respectively. There was no significant correlation between BAS domains and FEICSEOI and FEISCPC. Urban residence of the patient was positively correlated with perceived criticism. Unemployment was positive correlated with FEICSOI and negatively correlated with FEISCPC. Age of the caregiver was positively correlated with spouse related burden and negatively correlated with caregivers routine and external support. Marital status was positively correlated with physical and mental health burden and other relations and negatively correlated with external support. Occupation (unemployment) was positively correlated with BAS domains of support of patient, taking responsibility and other relations. The results of the study revealed considerable burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Thus, emphasize the need for psychosocial support to the caregivers to effectively cope and manage the ill family member.

EFEITO DE INTERVENÇÃO VIA CUIDADORES SOBRE AQUISIÇÃO DE TATO COM AUTOCLÍTICO EM CRIANÇAS COM TEA

A efetividade da intervenção analítico-comportamental implementada via cuidadores de crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) foi avaliada em contexto aplicado com três famílias do norte do Brasil. Foram ensinados repertórios de tato com autoclítico. Participaram três crianças diagnosticadas com TEA (e seus respectivos cuidadores), dois meninos (4 e 5 anos de idade) e uma menina (6 anos). As crianças já haviam aprendido repertório de tato. Os cuidadores foram ensinados a implementar procedimentos de intervenção usando Ensino por Tentativas Discretas (Discrete Trial Teaching, DTT). Após esse treino, os cuidadores passaram a ser supervisionados semanalmente. Todas as crianças registraram 0% de precisão de desempenho de tato com autoclíticos na linha de base. A percentagem foi próxima de 100% no passo final da intervenção implementada pelos cuidadores. A manutenção do repertório Foi também avaliada em uma sessão de follow-up um mês após o ensino. Uma criança mostrou 100% de manutenção e as outras duas mostraram manutenção parcial. Os dados mostraram que a intervenção via cuidadores é uma forma promissora de dar amplo acesso a intervenção analítico-comportamental ao autismo no Brasil. Palavra-chave: tato, autoclítico, intervenção via cuidadores, autismo.

A Qualitative Study of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Caregivers

Abstract Date Presented 4/8/2016 Through interview with 9 pairs of clients with mild cognitive impairment and their respective caregivers, this study investigated their difficulties in instrumental activities of daily living. Based on the result, we must emphasize the client-centered evaluation in the future. Primary Author and Speaker: Meng-Hsuan Wen Contributing Authors: Hui-Fen Mao, Ling-Hui Chang, Ming-Jang Chiu

Associations of Blood Pressure with Functional and Cognitive Changes in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Background: Midlife hypertension followed by late life hypotension resulting from neurodegeneration increases amyloidogenesis and tauopathy. Methods: Consecutive outpatients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) at various stages and their respective caregivers were assessed for score variations in 1 year of tests assessing caregiver burden, functionality and cognition according to blood pressure (BP) variations and APOE haplotypes, while also taking into account differential effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, or no antihypertensive medication on score changes. The diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension followed the JNC 7 report. Results: Variations in systolic BP (-11.76 ± 17.1 mm Hg), diastolic BP (-4.92 ± 10.3 mm Hg) and pulse pressure (-6.84 ± 12.6 mm Hg) were significant after 1 year (n = 191; ρ < 0.01). For APOE4+ carriers, rises in systolic or diastolic BP improved Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes scores (ρ < 0.04), with marginally significant improvements in Mini-Mental State Examination scores resulting from risen systolic (ρ = 0.069) or diastolic BP (ρ = 0.079), and in basic independence only regarding risen diastolic BP (ρ = 0.055). APOE4- carriers resisted any functional or cognitive effects of BP variations. No differences were found regarding any antihypertensive class for variations in BP or any test scores, regardless of APOE haplotypes. Conclusions: Targeting mild BP elevations brings better functional and cognitive results for APOE4+ carriers with AD.

Family factors associated with immunization uptake in children aged between twelve and fifty-nine months: a household survey in Kakamega Central district, Western Kenya

In this study, we assessed immunization uptake and identified family factors associated with immunization in children aged between 12 and 59 months in Kakamega Central, Western Kenya. A cross sectional study was conducted in 13 sub-locations between June and July 2013. Data on 577 children were collected from their respective caregivers, by trained research assistants. The proportion of fully immunized children was 80.9% (95% confidence interval 76.9-85.3%). Immunization coverage was higher among caregivers who had completed secondary school (88%), those who had attended antenatal care clinics (81%) and children born in a health facility (85%). Some evidence was seen of increasing coverage with increasing socio-economic status. No evidence for a gender difference in coverage was seen. In the logistic regression model, the risk factors for incomplete immunization were: low educational level of the caregiver [adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=0.25; P&amp;lt;0.005], never attending any antenatal care (ANC) (AOR=0.14; P&amp;lt;0.05) and delivery outside of health facilities (AOR=0.40; P&amp;lt;0.005). Further inquiry is required into this area to fully comprehend the inextricable linkage between factors affecting immunization.

Course and Determinants of Anosognosia in Alzheimer's Disease: A 12-Month Follow-up.

Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with greater cognitive impairment and more behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This study examines the incidence, persistence, and remission rates of anosognosia over a 12-month period, as well as the related risk factors. This was an observational 12-month prospective study. The longitudinal sample comprised 177 patients with mild or moderate AD, and their respective caregivers. Anosognosia was assessed using the Anosognosia Questionnaire in Dementia, and we also evaluated cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination), functional disability (Disability Assessment in Dementia), and the presence of BPSD (Neuropsychiatric Inventory). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the variables associated with the incidence, persistence and remission of anosognosia. The prevalence of anosognosia was 39.5% (95% CI = 32.1-47.1) at baseline. At 12 months, incidence was 38.3% (95% CI = 28.6-48.0), persistence was 80.0% (95% CI = 69.9-90.1) and remission was 20.0% (95% CI = 9.9-30.1). The regression model identified lower age, more education, and the presence of delusions as variables associated with incidence, and more education, lower instrumental DAD score, and disinhibition as variables associated with persistence. No variables were associated with remission (n = 14). The presence of anosognosia in AD patients is high. Education and certain neuropsychiatric symptoms may explain a greater and earlier incidence of anosognosia. However, anosognosia also increases with greater cognitive impairment and disease severity.

Concordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior and its predictors in southwest rural Ethiopia

BackgroundInappropriate child feeding and caring practices are a major cause of malnutrition. To date, no studies have examined concordance and discordance of child feeding and preventive behavior and their predictors in developing countries.MethodsWe used baseline data generated from A 2-year-longitudinal agriculture-nutrition panel survey conducted from February 9 to April 9, 2014, in nine districts encompassing 20 randomly selected counties in Oromiya Region and Southern Nation, Nationality and Peoples Region in Ethiopia. Households were recruited using the Expanded Program on Immunization sampling method. A total of 623 children under the age of 5 years and their respective caregivers were included in the analyses. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustered observations.ResultsConcordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior was observed in 45.1% of the children, while 45.5% of the children were suffering from discordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior. Concordance and discordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior had almost different predictors. Concordance of poor child feeding and preventive behavior was significantly associated with the age of the caretaker of ≥40 years (odds ratio (OR)=2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 4.41), low household dietary diversity (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 1.93, 7.04), medium household dietary diversity (OR=2.17; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.00), severe household food insecurity (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.93), and increase with increasing child age.ConclusionA substantial number of children in the southwest of rural Ethiopia are exposed to both poor child feeding and preventive behavior. Low household dietary diversity and extreme food insecurity household were predictors of concordance of poor child feeding and poor preventive behavior and provide useful entry points for comprehensive interventions to address child feeding and caring in the area.

Estratégia lúdica no ensino de boas práticas de higiene à crianças hospitalizadas

Contextualization: This study reports the experience of the use of play strategies in the teaching-learning process for good body-hygiene practices aimed to children and their families, involving students, teachers, care staff, users and their caregivers during supervised training of the curricular component: Nursing in Pediatrics of the Undergraduate Nursing Course of the Amazon Metropolitan College (FAMAZ), in a well-known and highly regarded trauma hospital in Ananindeua, in the State of Para. The objective of this study was to present the experiences and activities of nursing students as part of orientation on body hygiene for hospitalized children and their caregivers. Description of the experience: All the hospitalized children participated in the study, a total of 38 participants - this being nineteen children and their respective caregivers. The question to be solved were selecting the methodology to plan the activities. During the observation phase of the real situation, the students were instigated by the teacher, starting with the theme “Healthy Habits and Quality of Life”, to identify the needs of hospitalized children and their caregivers, with a view to developing an educational initiative. An educational health initiative was implemented for body hygiene, focusing on hand hygiene, nail cutting and cleaning, bathing and dental brushing, with the purpose of incorporating these habits not only within the hospital environment, but also in the daily life of the individuals concerned. Final considerations: The experience provided to all the protagonists involved confirmation of the importance of the Health Education initiatives, which must be carried out in the most diverse scenarios, including in the hospital environment and always based on the real needs of the target population, in order to bring about significant changes in living habits, promoting a healthy living environment.

Expressed Emotion among Caregivers of Person with Schizophrenia and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Study

Background: This is a cross-sectional comparative study with the aim to compare two patient groups of schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and their respective caregivers with the objectives to quantify and compare the expressed emotion (EE) in caregivers of person with schizophrenia and OCD and to study the relationship between them. It also aimed to identify factors associated with expressed emotions in above two groups. Methods: In this study, 40 patients schizophrenia, 40 patients of OCD, along with their 80 respective caregivers were taken on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were assessed using Socio-demographic and clinical sheet &amp;FEICS. Appropriate statistics such as mean, standard deviation, unpaired t test, Pearson’s correlation were applied to analyse the data. Result: The results of the study the caregivers of patients with OCD were perceived as having greater over-involvement than the caregivers of schizophrenia. Perceived criticism had a positive correlation with stress whereas over-involvement had a negative correlation. Some of the demographic variables like age and education were also found to have significant correlation with expressed emotion. Conclusion: The presence of significant amount of expressed emotion point out to the need for psychosocial support to the family members for reduction in the expressed emotion.

The mediating role of depression in the association between disability and quality of life in Alzheimer's disease

Background: An understanding of the determinants of quality of life in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is required in order to develop effective interventions to promote patients’ well-being. Most studies have pointed out depression, functional ability and environmental factors. However, unmeasured confounders can jeopardize the interpretation of the results.Objectives: To explore the mediating role of depression in the association between functional status and QoL, and establish a procedure to detect confounding variables.Methods: A sample of 192 AD patients and their respective caregivers were recruited from day centers and health care centers in the region of Murcia (Spain). The mediating effect was evaluated using causal mediation analysis. Covariates were introduced into the model in a stepwise fashion and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the influence of potential confounders.Results: Self-rated depression acted as a partial mediator between functional status and quality of life. The mediating effect was positive and significant even after including both patient- and caregiver-related covariates. Only if confounders explained more than 80% of the residual variance in the mediator or in the outcome, the mediating effects would not be positive.Conclusions: The effect of lack of autonomy on the QoL is mostly explained by the negative consequences on mood status. The sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of this finding.

Burden among Caregivers of Person with Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: A Comparative Study

This is a cross-sectional comparative study with the aim to compare two patient groups of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and their respective caregivers with the objectives to quantify and compare the burden in caregivers of person with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and to study the relationship between them. In this study, 40 patients schizophrenia, 40 patients of schizoaffective disorder, along with their 80 respective caregivers were taken on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were assessed using Socio-demographic and clinical sheet &amp;BAS. Appropriate statistics such as mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, unpaired t test, Pearson’s correlation were applied to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed considerable burden of care in families of the patients and a significantly greater burden of care in caregivers of patients with schizoaffective especially in the following domains: spouse related, caregivers’ routine, physical and mental health, taking responsibility, patient’s behaviour and caregiver’s strategy. Some of the demographic variables like age and education etc. were also found to have significant correlation with burden of care.

G.P.53 - Is functional dependence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients determinant of the quality of life and burden of their caregivers?

The quality of life (QOL) of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is still controversial. Some studies have shown that it is reduced among children with DMD. Others have found no differences between the QOL of children with DMD and healthy children. The relationship between functional dependence and quality of life in patients with DMD and between burden and quality of life in caregivers of patients with DMD is not clear in literature. The present study investigated possible relationships between functional dependence and quality of life in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and between quality of life and burden in their caregivers. This study included 35 boys (6–17 yrs) and respective caregivers (above 21 yrs). Caregivers answered to quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life) and burden (Zarit Burden Interview) questionnaires. Patients were assessed with the Motor Function Measure and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie Enfant Imagé. Spearman correlations tests and linear regressions were run to investigate the relationships between the variables. The occurrence of lower quality of life and higher burden among the caregivers of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was evidenced. Higher burden of caregivers was related to a lower quality of life on caregivers (r = −0.46) and to higher patients' ages (r = −0.73). The present study evidences the occurrence of lower QOL and higher burden in caregivers of patients with DMD. It also clarifies that the origin of the burden is related specifically to the time caring for the children, and it is not correlated to the loss of functional independence of the patients. An intervention based on the whole family and not only on the child with DMD should be considered. Besides, when the child is diagnosed with DMD, the parents should be oriented to share the responsibilities of caring for the child, in order to increase their QOL and reduce their burden.

Fatores associados à amamentação em crianças com deficiência e fenotipicamente normais

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o tempo de aleitamento materno e identificar possíveis fatores interferentes em crianças com deficiência e fenotipicamente normais. MÉTODOS: 99 crianças com deficiência e fenotipicamente normais de 1 a 4 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros, matriculadas e assistidas no Centro de Assistência Odontológica a Pessoa com Deficiência e na Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil e na Bebê Clínica da Faculdade de Odontologia do Campus de Araçatuba, da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho". Utilizou-se um questionário desenvolvido especificamente para este estudo, que foi respondido pelas respectivas mães e/ou cuidadores. A variável dependente utilizada foi a amamentação exclusiva até os seis meses de idade. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, bem como modelos de regressão linear, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a paralisia cerebral foi a deficiência de maior ocorrência no estudo. As crianças do gênero masculino no grupo dos fenotipicamente normais receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por um período maior de tempo e o grau de escolaridade das mães e as complicações no parto também foram um fator influenciador para a duração desta prática. CONCLUSÕES: o tempo do aleitamento exclusivo não diferiu entre ambos os grupos estudados. A ocorrência da amamentação exclusiva de maior prevalência foi observada no grupo dos fenotipicamente normais do gênero masculino havendo significância entre os gêneros no grupo dos fenotipicamente normais. Mas não é somente a condição do paciente que limita a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo e sim um conjunto de fatores associados, como gênero no grupo dos fenotipicamente normais, o grau de escolaridade da mãe para o grupo dos com deficiência e as complicações no parto em ambos os grupos.

Dental fear and anxiety among children and their caregivers

Abstract Introduction: Dental treatment is an experience that elicits fear and anxiety in most people, and particularly in children. This fear is the first step to be overcome in the search for a satisfactory dentist-patient relationship. Aim: of this research was to assess fear and anxiety among children and their caregivers when faced with dental treatment and identify the main reasons behind these behaviors. Methodology: About 200 questionnaires consisting of nine multiple-choice questions and one open-ended question, to obtain additional information, were administered to male and female patients aged 4 to 13 years who were treated at a university pediatric dentistry clinic and to their respective caregivers. Results: show only one-third of children reported fear of the dentist. Pain, needles, and anesthesia were the main reasons behind their feelings of fear. Over 70% of interviewed children reported having experienced tooth pain at least once, which reinforces the importance of painful experiences as being associated with dental fear in a portion of these patients. Conclusion: that although dental fear was uncommon among caregivers, approximately one-third of children reported fear of the dentist, associated with perceived pain or needle phobia. Key words: Dental Anxiety. Fear. Child. Questionnaires. Caregivers.

Is functional dependence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients determinant of the quality of life and burden of their caregivers?

The relationship between functional dependence and quality of life (QOL) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and burden and QOL in caregivers is not clear. This study investigated possible relationships between functional dependence/QOL of DMD patients and QOL/burden of caregivers. This study included 35 boys (6-17 years) and respective caregivers (above 21 years). Caregivers answered to World Health Organization Quality of Life and Zarit Burden Interview questionnaires. Patients were assessed with the Motor Function Measure and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie Enfant Imagé. Spearman correlations and linear regressions were run to investigate relationships between the variables. The occurrence of lower QOL and higher burden among the caregivers of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy was evidenced. The functional dependence of patients was not considered a determinant factor. Higher caregivers' burden was related to lower caregivers' QOL and to higher patients' ages.

Factors Related to the Differential Preference for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Between Patients With Terminal Cancer and That of Their Respective Family Caregivers.

There is little information regarding concordance between preferences for end-of-life care of terminally ill patients with cancer and those of their family caregivers. A cross-sectional exploration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preference in 361 dyads was conducted. Patients or family caregivers who were willing to approve CPR were compared with dyads who did not support CPR. The patient's quality of life was more associated with family caregiver's willingness than patient's willingness. A patient was more likely to prefer CPR than their caregiver in dyads of females and emotionally stable patients. A family caregiver showed stronger support for CPR if the patient had controlled pain or stable health and the family caregiver had not been counseled for CPR. Communications should be focused on these individuals to improve the planning of end-of-life care.