Resource Mobilization Research Articles

Influence of Community Participation on Sustainability of Non-Profit Organizations: The Case of Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA)

This paper examines the influence of community participation on the sustainability of non- profit organizations, with a particular focus on the Kenya Wildlife Conservancies Association (KWCA). Using stakeholder theory and participatory development theory as its theoretical framework, the study employed a descriptive research design and utilized stratified and purposive sampling. Data was collected from 100 respondents—including board members, staff, and stakeholders—via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS with multiple regression. The findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation Y = 2.184 + 0.438X1 + Ԑ., between community participation and sustainability of non-profit organizations highlighting that community engagement fosters ownership, responsibility, and long-term support. The study revealed that community participation enhances resource mobilization, accountability, and transparency within non-profit organizations. Respondents emphasized the importance of community involvement in achieving these outcomes, aligning with prior research by Smith et al. (2020) and Mwangi and Njenga (2019), which also underscored the positive impact of community engagement on non-profit effectiveness and sustainability. By integrating community members into decision-making processes, non-profits can leverage local knowledge and skills, ensuring continued support and effective management. Based on these insights, several recommendations are proposed for KWCA and similar organizations. It is essential to prioritize and expand community involvement by developing more inclusive and interactive engagement programs. Establishing robust feedback mechanisms will facilitate community input and foster a sense of ownership. Additionally, investing in capacity-building initiatives to equip community members with the necessary skills and knowledge is crucial. These measures are expected to enhance community engagement, improve program effectiveness, and bolster the overall sustainability of KWCA’s initiatives.

Prospects and Challenges that Teachers and Learners Face when using Field Study in Teaching and Learning Biology Subject at Ordinary Level of Secondary Education: A Case Study of Public Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality

Learning that occurs in a field setting is widely recognized as a very effective approach to connect science content to the real world. It is also a powerful experience that promotes the development of learners’ scientific skills, enhances active learning and promotes enthusiasm to biology subject among students. However, teaching biology through field study encounters several challenges that impedes effective implementation in public secondary schools. Thus, this study seeks to investigate the Prospects and Challenges that Teachers and Learners Face when using field study in teaching and learning biology at ordinary level of secondary education and to establish remedial measures to address these challenges. The study uses purposive sampling to select 56 respondents from 107 population including 10 heads of public secondary schools and 46 biology teachers. The study also adopted a concurrent transformative mixed approach. Data were collected by using interview guide and questionnaire. The reliability of the instruments was tested by computing Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) during pilot study where inter-item correlation was proved to be r = 0.872. The qualitative data was confirmed to be credible, transferable, confirmable and dependable through trustworthiness. The quantitative data analysis was done through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 computer, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The study identifies institutional barriers to field study such as inadequate resources, overcrowded classes and fear of risk. Teachers face barriers such as traditional teaching styles, shortage of biology teachers, inadequate training, lack of experience, and fear of student risks. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the collaboration between school administrators, and field site management ad teacher’s training may foster a positive school culture, resource mobilization, employing more teachers, formulating supportive policies and utilizing school surroundings for study.

The Contribution of Collaboration among the Parents, Teachers and Community on Public Secondary Schools Students’Academic Performance in Kibaha District

The study investigated the contribution of collaboration among parents, teachers and community towards improving academic performance of students in public secondary schools in Kibaha District. The study employed qualitative approach by using case study design with 61 respondents. The instruments used to collect information were interview, focus group discussion, and document review. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis for collected qualitative data. The study highlights the significant impact of collaboration among parents, teachers, and the community on enhancing students’ academic performance in public secondary schools. Effective collaboration facilitates resource mobilization, supports discipline control, and ensures the successful implementation of educational plans. To build on these benefits, schools should reinforce communication channels, actively involve stakeholders in resource and planning efforts, and promote shared responsibility for discipline, while supporting educators with professional development to improve overall educational outcomes.

Revisiting citizen preferences for who should govern and how. the case of cross-national surveys

ABSTRACT A growing body of literature suggests that many citizens reject representative politics and demand instead that people or unelected experts direct governmental decision-making. This study contributes to this literature by highlighting how undetected response biases and other sources of measurement error have misled previous inquiries about patterns of support for political processes. Using recent cross-national surveys with innovative measurement proposals, the article finds that theorized dimensions of the political process represent citizens’ views consistently across citizen backgrounds only when measurement errors are corrected. This technical adjustment has substantive theoretical and empirical implications for further explanatory analyses. First, it shows when indicators measuring the political process are comparable across citizens’ groups, sharing understandings about and abilities to identify the dimensions of the political process with low response bias. Second, it finds that uncontrolled measurement errors obscure analyses of who supports political processes. Several patterns in explaining citizens’ preferences turn statistically non-significant, and new predictors emerge –mostly associated with citizens’ conservatism and resource mobilization theory. The findings offer new insights and methodological suggestions for future comparative research on citizens’ preferences for who should govern and how.

An integrated active case detection and management of skin NTDs in yaws endemic health districts in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.

Integrated approaches to mapping skin Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) may be cost-effective way to guide decisions on resource mobilization. Pilot studies have been carried out, but large-scale data covering multiple countries endemic for skin NTDs are lacking. Within the LAMP4YAWS project, we collected integrated data on the burden of multiple skin NTDs. From March 2021 to March 2023, integrated case searches for yaws alongside other skin conditions were performed in endemic health districts of yaws in Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Integrated activities included training, social mobilization and active case detection. Initial screening involved a brief clinical examination of participants to determine if any skin conditions were suspected. Cases of skin NTDs were then referred to a health facility for appropriate management. Overall 61,080 individuals screened, 11,387 (18.6%) had skin lesions. The majority of individuals (>90%) examined were children aged 15 years old and under. The proportion of serologically confirmed yaws cases was 8.6% (18/210) in Cameroon, 6.8% (84/1232) in Côte d'Ivoire, and 26.8% (440/1643) in Ghana. Other skin conditions based on clinical examination included: scabies, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis (lymphoedema and hydrocele), tungiasis, and fungal infections. The most common conditions were scabies and superficial fungal infections. In Cameroon, scabies and superficial fungal infections accounted for 5.1% (214/4204) and 88.7% (3730/4204) respectively, 25.2% (1285/5095) and 50.4% (2567/5095) in Côte d'Ivoire. In Ghana, 20% (419/2090) of individuals had scabies but superficial fungal infections were not routinely recorded and were reported in only 1.3% (28/2090). Other skin NTDs were less common across all three countries. This study confirms that integrated screening allows simultaneous detection of multiple skin NTDs, maximising use of scarce resources.

Resource Mobilization, Social Capital, Religion, and Protest across Latin America

What factors predispose an individual to engage in protest? Previous studies argue pre‐existing social institutions provide the social capital and resource mobilization that facilitate collective action and protest movements, but less work has examined how this social capital and resource capacity develops. Utilizing more than 200,000 individuals surveyed across eighteen Latin American countries from the years 2002 through 2018, this study finds institutional decentralization by the Catholic Church is positively associated with individual propensities to engage in protest. Catholic decentralization is theorized to overcome free rider problems and enable the development of grassroots social capital and resources that empower collective action.

Personal choice shields against affective influences on effort in a "do your best" task: Effects on cardiac response.

This experiment (N = 113) tested whether personal choice vs. external assignment of task characteristics moderates the effect of incidental affective stimulation on effort-related cardiovascular response in a "do your best" task context. When participants could choose themselves the color of the stimuli (i.e., a series of letters to be recalled) used in a memory test, we expected high task commitment and willingness to mobilize resources, strong action shielding, and thus low receptivity for incidental affective influences. By contrast, when the color was externally assigned, we expected low willingness to mobilize resources, weak action shielding, and thus strong affective influences on effort. As predicted, participants in the assigned color condition showed stronger cardiac pre-ejection period reactivity during task execution when exposed to sad music than when exposed to happy music. These music effects did not appear among participants who could personally choose the color. Here, effort stayed high independently of the happy or sad background music. The present study demonstrates the moderating effect of personal choice on resource mobilization in a task of unfixed difficulty with happy and sad background music as incidental affective influence.

Regional development through innovation: a proposal for a technological hub framework

Brazil has made progress in innovation, although unevenly across its regions, with the state of Acre still facing challenges in this sector. The creation of an innovation and technology hub at Senai/AC aims to promote regional development by bringing together government, companies, and academia to stimulate local economic growth. This article proposes a strategic framework for the implementation of the Senai/AC Innovation and Technology Hub, with the goal of strengthening the regional economy and increasing industrial competitiveness. Based on a Systematic Literature Review, the best global and regional practices for the creation of innovation ecosystems were identified. The qualitative analysis of 40 articles resulted in strategic guidelines adapted to local needs, highlighting the importance of effective governance, resource mobilization, collaborative environments, human capital development, and a culture of innovation. The Senai/AC Hub has the potential to act as a catalyst for the state's socioeconomic development and strengthen local industries. Future studies can assess the effectiveness of the guidelines and the hub's impact on regional production chains, comparing it with other hubs to identify synergies and best practices.

Explaining Political Violence In South Asia: Theories And Concepts

Political violence in South Asia has escalated significantly since the region’s independence, primarily driven by the erosion of social cohesion. This paper investigates the socio-political and economic foundations that underlie violent political actions. By examining key movements across South Asia, including the Bengali liberation struggle, Kashmir and tribal conflicts in Northeast India, the MQM problem in Pakistan, the JVP and Tamil insurgency in Sri Lanka, the study identifies internal colonisation, state repression, and resource mobilisation as central catalysts of violence. The analysis highlights the role of relative deprivation, land disputes, and marginalisation as pivotal motivators for insurgencies. Additionally, state incapacity and external support further exacerbate and sustain violent movements. The paper concludes that the exclusion of marginalised groups from political power and economic opportunities, compounded by uneven development, continues to fuel cycles of violence in the region

Studying intersectionality using ideological dilemmas: The case of paid domestic labour.

Intersectionality has gained a great deal of academic purchase within the social sciences but there is still a need for further conceptual and methodological innovation and clarity. As such, this study uses paid domestic labour as a case study to apply Billig etal.'s (Ideological dilemmas: A social psychology of everyday thinking, 1988) notion of ideological dilemmas to explore the common sense that paid domestic workers draw on to position themselves as women and workers. The analysis highlights how participants use (often contradictory) themes of common sense when speaking about their place in the household through dilemmas of servitude, belonging, and intimacy. Speakers draw on gendered ideology, not as a fixed set of ideas, but rather as a mobile discursive resource that can be deployed in situ, allowing them to justify, subvert, and evaluate social positions of domestic womanhood. The study provides both a conceptual window and a robust method for studying nonessentialist intersectionality through ideological dilemmas.

Universal Access to Healthcare in Cameroon: Financing Sources

Purpose: The research aims to identify sustainable sources of funding the implementation of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Cameroon, in response to the current situation where households finance 70% of healthcare costs, and healthcare is largely unaffordable for many social groups. Material and Methods : The study used an exploratory qualitative approach in the Bangue Health District in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Fifteen people participated in this study during ten days. Participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected by means of a semi-structured interview guide. A general inductive approach was used to analyse the collected data. Findings: The main findings indicated that the identified funding sources are primarily based on local resources, including: 1) the State, through the budget allocated to healthcare; 2) the implementation of a health tax based on different sectors of activity; 3) contributions from the Diaspora; and 4) assistance from external and internal partners. Resource mobilisation could be carried out by decentralised government departments, with management overseen by an autonomous UHC body created for the project. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy : Considering the findings, the State should : 1) Raise public awareness and provide training on UHC ; 2) Equip healthcare facilities with adequate human and material resources ; 3) Decentralise the structures for collecting UHC-related funds ; 4) Ensure the security of the collected funds to operationalise UHC effectively.

A seismic-risk-based bi-objective stochastic optimization framework for the pre-disaster allocation of earthquake search and rescue units

Accurately predicting earthquakes' time, location and size is nearly impossible with today’s technology. Severe earthquakes require prompt and effective mobilization of available resources, as the speed of intervention has a direct impact on the number of people rescued alive. This, in turn, calls for a strategic pre-disaster allocation of search and rescue (SAR) units, both teams and equipment, to make the deployment of resources as quick and equitable as possible. In this paper, a seismic risk-based framework is introduced that takes into account distance-based contingencies between cities. This framework is then integrated into a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem for the allocation of SAR units under uncertainty. The two minimization objectives considered are the expected maximum deployment time of different SAR units and the expected mean absolute deviation of the fulfillment rates. We recover the best vulnerability-adjusted routes for each size-location scenario as input to the optimization model using the dynamic programming (DP) approach as part of the broader area of reinforcement learning (RL). The results of the hypothetical example indicate that the comprehensive model is feasible in various risk scenarios and can be used to make allocation-deployment decisions under uncertainty. The results of the sensitivity analysis verify that the model behaves reasonably against changes in selected parameters, namely the number of allowed facilities and weights of individual objectives. Under the assumption that the two objectives are equally important, the model achieves a total deviation of %3.5 from the objectives with an expected maximum dispatch time of 1.1327 hours and an expected mean absolute deviation of 0.01.

Le gouvernement est encore le seul Européen de la Russie… О концепции «Русского момента» Маршалла Т. По

The history of studying the processes of modernization of the state and society and the transition from tradition to modernity in Russia has come a long way. Researchers from different schools and directions have offered a wide variety of explanations for the phenomenon of Russian modernization, trying to answer the question of whether Russia was really able to go this route to the end and what is unique about the Russian version of modernization. Naturally, when discussing this problem, most humanities scholars viewed it from a Eurocentric position, placing Russia, depending on the traditions of the school to which they belonged, either in a European context or in an Asian one. The American historian Marshall Poe, in his book about the “Russian moment” in history, which became a bestseller, tried to give his original answer to the question – why Russia, unlike other early modern nonEuropean empires, succeeded on the path of modernization, given that the starting conditions were unfavorable to her. The secret of the success of Russia, which, according to M. Poe, is not Europe, and especially not Asia, was that the Russian military elite was able to create a political regime (autocracy as an ideal form of monarchy, brought to the absolute), which ensured the mobilization of the meager Russian resources to resist Western expansion. Along the way, the autocracy, as M. Poe believed, restructured Russian society accordingly, resorting to methods of sophisticated social engineering. M. Poe’s concept cannot be denied of harmony, logic and persuasiveness, but, as the author of the review shows, in pursuit of an effective presentation, the author of “The Russian Moment” deliberately omitted a number of essential details of the Russian historical process. As a result, closer examination of his concept reveals that it suffers from a number of inherent flaws that cast doubt on its entirety and, according to the author of the review, make it nothing more than a curious historiographical artefact.

Health impacts of excessive heat in Multnomah County, OR, 2021

Abstract Human-induced climate change is leading to increased extreme weather events, such as the heat dome that occurred in Multnomah County, OR, in June 2021. Certain groups are at increased risk from excessive heat events, such as the very young and very old, persons without stable housing, and persons with certain health comorbidities. Our review of three data sources (deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits) showed large increases in all three measures in the summer of 2021. Further, two-thirds of identified heat deaths occurred in or near neighborhoods that ranked among the most vulnerable to extreme heat. Despite thoughtful planning, a recently updated heat response plan, and an unprecedented mobilization of resources, we documented severe health impacts due to this heat event. We recommend that local health jurisdictions and emergency responders increase readiness for such events by interrogating existing plans and tailoring them not to events of expected severity, but to a worst case scenario that exceeds historic experiences.

Village Government's Role in Advancing Agricultural Development Through Supportive Policies

Background: Indonesia, a tropical country with rich agricultural potential, faces challenges in optimizing its agricultural sector. Specific Background: Despite significant contributions to the economy and employment, issues like low human resource capacity and dependency on food imports hinder productivity. Knowledge Gap: The role of village governments in facilitating agricultural development, particularly in rural areas like Grabagan Village, remains underexplored. Aims: This study analyzes the village government's role in agricultural development in Grabagan Village, focusing on key success indicators. Results: Findings indicate that the village government functions effectively as a facilitator, mobilizer, and regulator, yet faces challenges in resource mobilization and farmer engagement. Novelty: This research enhances understanding of local governance's influence on agricultural outcomes. Implications: The study highlights the need for improved collaboration between the village government and farmers to optimize resource allocation and align agricultural initiatives with local needs for sustainable development. Highlights: The village government serves as a crucial facilitator in agricultural initiatives, providing necessary infrastructure and budget support. Effective mobilization of resources and farmer involvement in planning processes are essential for enhancing agricultural productivity. Addressing challenges in local governance can significantly improve sustainable agricultural development in rural areas. Keywords: Village Government, Agricultural, Farmer Empowerment, Facilitation, Mobilization

Delayed Cortical Responses During Reactive Balance After Stroke Associated With Slower Kinetics and Clinical Balance Dysfunction.

Slowed balance and mobility after stroke have been well-characterized. Yet the effects of unilateral cortical lesions on whole-body neuromechanical control is poorly understood, despite increased reliance on cortical resources for balance and mobility with aging. Objective. We tested whether individuals post stroke show impaired cortical responses evoked during reactive balance, and the effect of asymmetrical interlimb contributions to balance recovery and the evoked cortical response. Using electroencephalography, we assessed cortical N1 responses evoked over fronto-midline regions (Cz) during backward support-surface perturbations loading both legs and posterior-lateral directions that preferentially load the paretic or nonparetic leg in individuals' post-stroke and age-matched controls. We tested relationships between cortical responses and clinical balance/mobility function, as well as to center of pressure (CoP) rate of rise (RoR) during balance recovery. Cortical N1 responses were smaller and delayed after stroke (P < .047), regardless of perturbation condition. In contrast to controls, slower cortical response latencies associated with lower clinical function in stroke (Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test: r = -.61, P = .007; Timed-Up-and-Go: r = .53, P = .024; walking speed: r = -.46, P = .055). Paretic-loaded balance recovery revealed slower CoP RoR (P = .012) that was associated with delayed cortical response latencies (r = -.70, P = .003); these relationships were not present during bilateral and nonparetic-loaded conditions, nor in the older adults control group. Individuals after stroke may be limited in their balance ability by the slowed speed of their cortical responses to destabilization. In particular, paretic leg loading may reveal cortical response impairments that reflect reduced paretic motor capacity.

Экономика РФ в январе – апреле 2024 года

Based on the analysis of a number of macroeconomic and sectoral indicators, it is established that in January–April 2024, there was an economic decline compared to the corresponding period in 2023. Moreover, the extent of the decline is increasing month by month. It is noteworthy that the authorities, as in the past in the USSR, are turning a blind eye to the decline. The causes of the decline are determined by the combined impact of both cyclical factors (Western economic sanctions, overstrain from military expenditures) and long-term trends of a decline in fixed assets and a reduction in the workforce, as well as the qualifications of personnel at all levels. The future prospects of the Russian economy are determined, along with ensuring effective economic policy and building a functional state system, by the level of escalation of the conflict in Ukraine and the extent of economic sanctions. In the event of significant escalation of military actions, what will be required is a transition to a wartime economy with a high share of military expenditures in GDP, a reduction in consumer spending and non-productive investments, mobilization of labor resources in favor of the armed forces and the military-industrial complex, and the introduction of a rationing system for main food products, as well as the nationalization of several companies. The success of this structural maneuver is determined by the organization and qualifications of the state apparatus. In the case of moderate escalation of military actions and economic sanctions, the radical nature of structural and institutional changes will decrease.

Resource mobilization and technology adoption by small firms to co-create opportunities in uncertain environments

PurposeResource mobilization and technology adoption by small firms are mainly studied separately, although considering them together is crucial for understanding how resources are accessed and mobilized to address uncertainty. Moreover, the authors know little about how small firms pursue new opportunities in a constantly changing environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how small firms adopt technologies to engage different stakeholders and facilitate the access and mobilization of key resources in the opportunity co-creation process.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied a qualitative case study method and conducted 14 interviews with co-founders or top managers of five small firms in Iran.FindingsThe findings reveal how small firms adopt technologies to access and mobilize social, human, psychological and financial resources in a highly uncertain environment to co-create new opportunities.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the study applies a cross-sectional approach. Therefore, it does not capture longitudinal aspects that might impact resource mobilization and technology adoption over time. Second, the selected five case firms represent rather successful firms, each of which adopted different technologies to challenge the established structure of the market. That is, this study did not focus on unsuccessful cases that would enrich the theory further.Originality/valueThis study reveals how small firms adopt new technologies to mobilize resources and co-create opportunities in highly uncertain environments. It reveals that small firms employ technology adoption strategies to utilize operant resources and accelerate operand resource mobilization. Active learning plays a critical role in this process.

Міжнародно–правова практика мобілізації та способу комплектування Збройних Сил

The article examines the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the mobilization process in the United States of America, Great Britain, Finland, and the Baltic countries, the practice of which has its own specifics associated with national traditions, the conditions of military and reserve service, the geographical location of the country, and other characteristic features. It is noted that the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine forces most European countries to take urgent measures aimed at changing the methods of mobilization for war, as well as shifting the economy to the production of military equipment and the implementation of organizational and legal forms and methods of conscription and replenishment of mobilization resources as in their own countries and in NATO. It has been proven that when a decision is made on the mobilization deployment of the armed forces in the USA, the draft of men is carried out in 6 stages, which include organizational and legal actions aimed at the adoption by Congress of relevant amendments to the mobilization legislation, the procedure for the draft of specific persons based on the drawing of a lottery, the implementation of attestation persons and enlistment of conscripts for active service. The right to serve in the United States, on the basis of secondary education, has all citizens of the United States and citizens of other states who permanently reside in the state. Staffing of the army of Great Britain is mainly carried out on a professional basis. However, the government of the kingdom, in order to reduce the level of crime, youth unemployment and the Russian threat to the West, is inclined to return mandatory military service to the country in 2025. Candidates for joining the army mobilization reserve are recruited by theMilitary Information and Career Bureau. It is outlined that the armed forces of Scandinavia and the Baltic States, in contrast to the armies of the United States and Great Britain, continue to expand the conscription process due to the increased threat from Russia. Thus, the order of recruitment of the armed forces of Finland is carried out on the basis of the Law “On Conscription for Military Service”, in Latvia the mobilization process is regulated by the Law "OnMilitary Service", Lithuania conducts military conscription in accordance with the Law “On Military Conscription”, and in Estonia the legal basis of the defense of the country is regulated by the Law “OnMilitary Service”. It has been proven that military servicemen, conscripts and reservists are mainly criminal, administrative, disciplinary and materially responsible for violating mobilization legislation in NATO countries. It is noted that the domestic mobilization legislation requires targeted legal support, adaptive military management and a complex and systemic approach to the organization of the mobilization process.

Human Initiative Movement: Enhancing Environmental Literacy and Awareness among Orphans in Bengkulu City

This paper examines the Human Initiative organization in Indonesia and its efforts to provide education for orphans in Bengkulu City. It analyzes the organization's resource mobilization using various data collection techniques. Establishing an education center called the Home of Learning is seen as a social movement that successfully achieved its goals. The research considers five aspects proposed by Oberscall: social movement organization, leaders and leadership, resources and resource mobilization, networks and participation, and community opportunities and capacity. The research findings show that (Home of Learning) HOME in Bengkulu is a social movement that effectively implements quality education programs. This success is due to a clear institutional structure, effective leadership, resource mobilization, community participation, and opportunities for child development. Overall, this research highlights the effectiveness of the Human Initiative in providing education for orphaned children.