Landscape Resources Research Articles

Study on spatial pattern of tourism landscape resources in county cities of Yangtze River Economic Belt

Abstract Identifying the classification of tourism landscape resources and accurately studying their spatial pattern are of great significance to the ecological environment protection, industrial transformation, and economic growth of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Taking Zixi County of Jiangxi Province as the research area, based on field survey and network collection, the scientific statistical classification of tourism landscape resources data in the county is conducted, and the nearest neighbor index, nuclear density analysis, average passage time, and accessibility coefficient are used to quantitatively analyze the classification, spatial agglomeration, spatial structure pattern, and spatial correlation of tourism landscape resources. The results show that: (1) Zixi County tourism landscape is complete in terms of natural resources, physical resources, and humanistic resources; (2) the spatial agglomeration analysis of tourism landscape resources in Zixi County shows an overall agglomeration distribution trend; (3) the density of tourism landscape resources varies significantly, with the spatial distribution characteristics of “large concentration at the nucleus and small dispersion at the poles”; and (4) landscape resources are well correlated, with a “strong center – weak periphery” spatial pattern. Accordingly, it is proposed that protection and development should be given equal importance, strengthening advantages, making up for shortcomings, and accelerating the development of tourism industry and economic growth, and promote the high quality and green development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt with points and lines, and help the coordinated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

오대산국립공원 지형·지질유산 가치평가

The National Park Resource Survey has been conducted every five years under the Natural Parks Act. Currently, the fourth survey planned from 2019 to 2023 is being promoted. Research on geomorphological and geological resources in the landscape sector has been conducted since the 1990s, but it is difficult to compare and analyze survey resources by round because systematic and consistent survey standards are not applied compared to natural ecosystem surveys. In addition, as the concept of preservation and utilization of geoheritages have been changed since the introduction of geoparks, the need for an improved evaluation has emerged. The survey introduced evaluation standards and methods newly applied in the geomorphological and geological fields of the National Park Resource Survey from 2021. And discussed the effects of the revised evaluation on the geomorphological and geological heritage of Odaesan National Park. A total of 46 resources were surveyed in the Woljeongsa, Sogeumgang, and Gyebangsan districts of Odaesan National Park, and the distribution of all resources by grade was 2.2% for the first grade, 6.5% for the second grade, and 50% and 41.3% for the third and fourth grades, respectively, which account for more than 90% of the total. Class distribution and detailed survey results contribute to the qualitative and quantitative improvement of geomorphological and geological resource information, and could provide the basis for landscape resource surveys in other national parks.

AI-Driven HR Analytics: Unleashing the Power of HR Data Management

The rapidly evolving landscape of Human Resources (HR), begins by emphasizing the significance of HR analytics, underlining its evolution and the advantages it offers through data-driven decision-making. The paper establishes the foundation of effective HR analytics, highlighting the importance of employee data management, including collection, storage, quality assurance, and governance of all kinds of employee data. AI's transformative role takes center stage, showcasing how AI enhances employee data processing and analysis. Real-world best practices illustrate the potential of AI-driven HR analytics, while the AI-driven HR Analytics Workflow dissects the essential steps involved. Ethical considerations are emphasized, addressing bias, data privacy, and responsible AI governance. The paper also looks to the future, discussing emerging trends and the evolving role of HR professionals in an AI-driven HR landscape. It encourages organizations to embrace AI-driven HR analytics as a strategic tool for HR excellence, highlighting the importance of responsible data use in shaping the future of HR practices.

SolBeePop: A model of solitary bee populations in agricultural landscapes

Abstract With their large diversity of species, solitary bees are important pollinators of crops and native plant communities in agricultural landscapes. Stressors such as changing landscapes, climate and pesticide exposures may affect populations differently, dependent on each species' ecological traits. We developed a population model for solitary bees, SolBeePop, which can be applied to simulate a variety of species by using species‐specific traits, including the nesting strategies. Species' phenological traits are mechanistically combined with input time series capturing temporal and spatial variability in landscape compositions. Calibration and validation of the model with empirical study data demonstrate that the model can capture realistic dynamics in bee populations. In simulations conducted representing four species, Osmia bicornis, Megachile rotundata, Nomia melanderi and Eucera pruinosa, identical conditions and assumed nesting resource limitations resulted in different population‐level outcomes, indicating the importance of interactions between external factors and species‐specific traits including phenological, survival and reproductive traits. Synthesis and applications. The publicly available model is intended as a tool for the assessment of population‐level outcomes of stressors, for instance, the limitation of floral resources in agricultural landscapes, limitation of nesting habitat and the exposure to pesticides. Realistic landscape scenarios can be tested and available data for one species can be used to estimate outcomes in other solitary bee species, informing conservation plans and risk assessment approaches to support managed and natural populations in the field.

Evaluation of cultural ecosystem services in mountain-type scenic areas: an importance-performance analysis of the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang, China

ABSTRACT The Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang is a cultural route where nature and culture harmoniously intertwine. Mountain-type scenic areas play a vital role in providing core cultural ecosystem services (CES). To investigate the significance and distribution of landscape resources along the Poetry Road, a preliminary study was conducted in the densely concentrated areas of Shaoxing, Taizhou, and Ningbo. From these regions, six representative mountain-type scenic areas were selected for the research: Kuaiji Mountain, Qinwang Mountain, Wanwei Mountain, Tianmu Mountain, Tiantai Mountain, and Xuedou Mountain. Based on their designation status, these areas were categorized into national and non-national scenic areas. The research employed a combination of online and offline questionnaires, as well as semi-structured interviews. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) was introduced, and SPSS software was utilized to conduct U-tests on the statistical results. This analysis aimed to compare the differences in importance and performance of CES among the various mountain-type scenic areas. Furthermore, an overall evaluation of CES for the mountain-type scenic area was carried out using an optimization demand zoning approach, involving categories such as “Keeping up the good job”, “Concentrate here”, “Possible overkill”, and “Low priority”. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted between the two types of mountain-type scenic areas, considering aspects like aesthetic value, leisure tourism, cultural diversity, and nature education. The findings indicate that the overall importance of the core CES provided by mountain-type scenic areas significantly exceeds the performance score, implying that public expectations for these sites surpass the actual experience. Notably, the distinction between the two types of mountain-type scenic areas, national and non-national, lies primarily in their performance. Among the evaluation subcomponents, respondents’ perceptions are notably influenced by natural resource advantages, architectural style, recreation offerings, site iconicity, and historical heritage and preservation. The abundance of cultural activities emerges as a crucial factor contributing to the substantial performance disparity between the two types of scenic areas, underscoring the significant impact of cultural heritage on the development imbalance in mountain-type region. Furthermore, cultural heritage plays a pivotal role in promoting the establishment and enhancing the competitiveness and identity of mountain-type scenic areas. Consequently, prioritizing the protection and utilization of non-national mountain-type scenic areas cultural heritage can effectively elevate the level of CES supply and meet the demand in mountain-type scenic areas. The IPA has promoted the CES performance of mountain-type scenic areas to be closer to its importance, thereby fostering a more balanced CES of the Road of Tang Poetry in Eastern Zhejiang.

Perencanaan Taman Wisata Alam Danau Tamblingan Buleleng, Bali

Planning for Tamblingan Lake Natural Park Buleleng, Bali. The Tamblingan lake's natural tourist park has a potential of attractions that are aided by both its unique and strategic location. This makes the Tamblingan natural park a highly prospecting area that is able to attract tourists and plan the park's natural parks. The study intended to set up a zoning plan for lake tamblingan natural tourist park. The method in this study used survey method. By the stage of planning starting from the preparation stage, inventory, analysis, synthesis, concept, and planning. This research has a site plan. The attractive, environmentally insightful concept of tourism is based on the potential resources of landscapes and attractions and tourist attractions to preserve the landscape's resources and sustainability. The end result of the study was the landscape plans for the natural park areas of Tamblingan lakes involving the distribution of space, circulation, activity, and facilities.

Brain size predicts bees' tolerance to urban environments.

The rapid conversion of natural habitats to anthropogenic landscapes is threatening insect pollinators worldwide, raising concern regarding the negative consequences on their fundamental role as plant pollinators. However, not all pollinators are negatively affected by habitat conversion, as certain species find appropriate resources in anthropogenic landscapes to persist and proliferate. The reason why some species tolerate anthropogenic environments while most find them inhospitable remains poorly understood. The cognitive buffer hypothesis, widely supported in vertebrates but untested in insects, offers a potential explanation. This theory suggests that species with larger brains have enhanced behavioural plasticity, enabling them to confront and adapt to novel challenges. To investigate this hypothesis in insects, we measured brain size for 89 bee species, and evaluated their association with the degree of habitat occupancy. Our analyses revealed that bee species mainly found in urban habitats had larger brains relative to their body size than those that tend to occur in forested or agricultural habitats. Additionally, urban bees exhibited larger body sizes and, consequently, larger absolute brain sizes. Our results provide the first empirical support for the cognitive buffer hypothesis in invertebrates, suggesting that a large brain in bees could confer behavioural advantages to tolerate urban environments.

Comprehensive cancer-related resources for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) treated in the community setting: 2022 Landscape survey results.

151 Background: Availability of guideline-endorsed, cancer-related resources for adolescents and young adults (AYAs: aged 15–39) with cancer is unknown. AYAs often receive treatment in community settings. We describe the current landscape of comprehensive cancer care resources for AYAs treated in community settings. Methods: NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP) practice groups completed the Landscape Assessment in 2022 to describe available infrastructure, resources, and research capacity. Practice groups were included in this analysis if ≥10% of their annual cancer cases were within the AYA age range, or at least 50 AYA cancer cases are treated annually. We described the proportion of practices serving AYA patients with access to fertility preservation, mental health services, genetic testing and counseling, nutritional counseling, distress monitoring (psychosocial and financial), palliative care, and survivorship programs. Results: Of 271 responding practice groups, 77 (28%) met criteria for treating AYAs, whereas 102 (38%) did not meet criteria. The remaining 92 (34%) could not be classified due to missing data. Among the 77 practices treating AYAs, fertility preservation was available at 51% (oocyte cryopreservation) and 58% (sperm banking) of practices. While nutritional support and genetic testing were widely available (99% and 100% respectively), only 49% of practices treating AYAs offered survivorship programs (Table 1). Conclusions: Many AYAs receiving treatment in community settings lack access to key resources for cancer care, including fertility preservation and survivorship services. Future research should seek to identify barriers and facilitators to offering comprehensive resources in NCORP practices that serve AYAs and to advance understanding of AYA uptake of available resources.[Table: see text]

Research on Immersive Experience of Rural Tourism Marketing in the Internet Era

In the era of the Internet where big data, artificial intelligence technology, and new media technology are rapidly developing, regional rural tourism industries and scenic spots have also begun to fully utilize the interactive media of online big data, integrate rural natural landscape resources and cultural resources, and develop online media tourism marketing models with interactive dissemination attributes, Design tourism brand marketing and dissemination such as "tourism+live streaming", "tourism+new media advertising", and "tourism+e-commerce" to drive the sales and promotion of tourism landscapes, culture, and tourism products in the region. From the perspective of "immersive experience" in rural tourism, a comprehensive tourism marketing service promotion model is established based on new media technology and VR&AR virtual reality technology. Weibo, WeChat, and live streaming platforms are used as online marketing channels to develop and create immersive technology parks and offline virtual experience spaces for different tourism audiences. Rural tourism brands, tourism products, and services are displayed and promoted, and rural tourism guidance and service models are innovated Enhance the influence of tourism marketing and promotion.

The Implications of The Tanzania New Mining Legislation in Enhancing Revenue: A Case of Geita Gold Mine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the implications of these reforms from a revenue collection perspective in Geita District using Geita Gold Mine Limited (GGML) as a case study.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: This study utilizes a mixed-method approach, by using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study population consisted of individuals from sampled households in six wards around GGML with a sample size of 384 respondents. The study used both stratified and simple random sampling methods in selecting respondents. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and documentary analysis while the quantitative data were collected through the survey method. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis and quantitative data from households were analysed using descriptive statistics.
 Research Implications/Limitations: This study is limited to GGML and Geita District only, which may not fully capture the diverse range of other mining companies operating outside the district within Tanzania.
 Findings: Study findings indicated that the mining legislation helped to improve the quality of institutions as well as resource governance. For instance, due to improvements in resource governance such as the increase in royalty and mining supervision the revenue from mining activities almost tripled to a total of TZS 664 billion as compared to TZS 196 billion that was collected four years back from 2017.
 Practical Implications: The findings are expected to have a significant on improving the traceability of gold production and reporting their activities more transparently. Additionally, reforms can lead to more efficient and effective collection of royalties, taxes, and fees related to gold mining operations, resulting in increased government revenue
 Social Implications: The social implications of this research are essential, as the increase in mining revenue through taxes, royalties, service levies and other fees can help to improve social services such as education and health services. The mining sector can also contribute to the provision of employment to host communities which has a direct impact on improving social welfare.
 Originality/Value: The novelty of this research lies in its holistic and sector-specific examination of revenue collection reforms in the gold mining industry, considering economic, environmental, social, and governance dimensions. It offers a comprehensive understanding of how reforms in this critical sector can impact both individual nations and the global resource landscape.

Impact of Transparent Communication in HR Governance: Fostering Employee Trust and Engagement

This comprehensive study investigates the dynamic landscape of Human Resources (HR) governance in modern organizations, particularly in the context of diverse industries in Pakistan. Executives specializing in internal communications and HR were interviewed to glean insights into the evolving role of HR and its intersection with effective internal communication strategies. The research employed a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews either face-to-face or via telephone, recording and transcribing the conversations. The participating executives, selected through a snowball technique, provided diverse perspectives from financial services, utilities, retailing, and more. The study employed cluster analysis to code interview data, identify key themes, and visualize patterns using a mindmap. The findings illuminate the heightened significance of employee engagement, the strategic management of organizational reputation, trust-building through dialogue, ownership of communication channels, and the enduring value of face-to-face communication in shaping contemporary HR practices. While the study acknowledges its limitations in sample size, it lays the groundwork for future research directions and contributes valuable insights to the evolving landscape of HR governance in the Pakistani organizational context.

Assessment and Analysis of Ecotourism Resources in China Based on RIAM System

Abstract Ecotourism resources constitute the basis of ecotourism development. This paper firstly constructs the evaluation indexes of ecotourism resources based on the RIAM model and selects three indexes of site condition resources, landscape resources and ecological environment resources to build the evaluation model. Then we use the entropy value method and hierarchical analysis method to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, construct a judgment matrix, and use the extreme value method to standardize the original data to eliminate the variability of metric units and normalize the standardized matrix to calculate the indicator weights. Finally, China’s ecotourism resources are comprehensively evaluated and scored, and typical ecotourism areas are selected to analyze their economic benefits, natural ecological index and tourism base index. China’s ecotourism site condition resources were scored as 96, landscape resources were scored as 96, and ecological environment resources were scored as 97. In terms of economic benefits, the total annual revenue of A national ecotourism site increased by 134% in 2017 compared with 2012; accommodation income decreased by 9%, entertainment income increased by 200%, other income increased by 49%, and received 167% more visitors. The RIAM-based model enables effective analysis and evaluation of ecotourism resources in China.

Long‐term organic farming and floral diversity promotes stability of bee communities in agroecosystems

Abstract Increasing bee diversity promotes pollination services on farms. Yet, given the high turnover in pollinator communities, without knowledge of how pollinator communities assemble, it is difficult to conserve or increase bee diversity. Thus, a mechanistic understanding of factors mediating pollinator community assembly could promote pollinator conservation measures. To assess the determinants of pollinator community assembly and structure, we surveyed bee communities and floral resources on 36 farms ranging from 0 to 43 years in organic production. We used niche‐based and stochastic species abundance models to characterise the mechanisms driving community assembly, and an additive partition of beta diversity to evaluate resource and species turnover (i.e. community structure). We then used statistical models to assess whether resource turnover or time in organic production altered community assembly and beta diversity, and a jackknife analysis to assess the sensitivity of top models to resource and species identity. We show that bee communities on farms that practiced organic methods for longer assembled by niche‐based rather than stochastic processes and had less turnover in bee species across years. Because our model of niche‐based processes assumes resource use, these results indicate bee communities reflect underlying species‐specific resource preferences (e.g. floral and/or nesting resources) and that longer periods of organic management reduced dissimilarity mediated by species replacement. Our jackknife approach then examined the role of species identity effects in beta diversity, showing changes in floral resources increased dissimilarity driven by bee species loss, but only in landscapes simplified by urbanisation. This jackknife analysis then indicated that landscape resource replacement which was not driven by particular landscape classes, mediated bee species replacement wherein dissimilarity was driven by a generalist native bee, suggesting bee life history (e.g. flexibility in resource use) and landscape complementarity, rather than identity, underlie patterns identified using the beta diversity equations. Our results show bee communities assemble by niche‐based processes, evidenced by collinearity in resource and bee species turnover. Because niche‐based assembly indicates ecosystem health, farmers who adopt crop diversification and practice organic methods for longer may promote pollinator diversity and stability leading to improved pollination in farms. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

SPASE metadata as a building block of a heliophysics science-enabling framework

Heliophysics and space weather research encompass the effects of solar output on practically the entire Solar System and are fundamentally cross-disciplinary. Cross-domain science investigations, such as in Sun-heliosphere interactions, solar wind-magnetosphere interactions, or magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, often require the use of data, models, and other digital resources pertaining to different heliophysical domains: the Sun, the solar wind, the magnetosphere, the ionosphere, the thermosphere and the mesosphere. Due to differences in measurement platforms, techniques and instruments, heliophysics data obtained from different domains are diverse and complex, making the resource landscape difficult for untrained users to navigate. Without proper and adequate guidance from domain experts, it is often difficult for early-career scientists and non-domain experts to discover useful datasets and to know from where and how to obtain and understand the data they need to support their research. This paper describes the roles of metadata in providing the identification, location, access protocol, and detailed content description of a digital resource. More specifically, we point out that metadata written according to the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) metadata model are fully compatible with the FAIR principles so that digital resources described using the SPASE model can be uniformly Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. SPASE metadata can thus be the key element, the lingua franca so to speak, that enables unfettered information flow between data systems and services throughout the heliophysics data environment and lowers the understandability barrier of the resources to ensure their independent usability. After describing various components of the heliophysics data environment, their metadata requirements for effective operations, and some essential features of the SPASE metadata model, we then illustrate how metadata in SPASE can enable or facilitate the performance of different science tasks. The current status and future outlook of SPASE are also presented.

Spatiotemporal Dynamic Analysis and Simulation Prediction of Land Use and Landscape Patterns from the Perspective of Sustainable Development in Tourist Cities

The unreasonable development of land use and use of landscape patterns are the primary causes of the unsustainable growth of tourism cities. Dawa District, a well-known tourist destination in China, was chosen as the research object in order to scientifically evaluate and simulate the dynamic changes in land use. Landsat remote sensing images of the Dawa District from 2011, 2016, and 2021 were processed, using the development of regional tourism in 2016 as the dividing point. Using Arcgis10.3, ENVI5.3, and Fragstats tools, GIS spatial analysis and landscape index analysis were used to explore the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of land use and landscape patterns. The CA-Markov model was used to simulate and predict the land use landscape pattern in 2026. The results show that the rapid expansion of built-up areas in 2011–2021 and the increasing marginal complexity and fragmentation of landscape patterns are the main evolution trends. In 2016, emphasis was placed on sustainable land resources, and the area of forested water gradually recovered. However, the patch density (PD) and number of patches (NP) indices reflecting fragmentation still showed a 1.5–2 fold increase. It is expected that in 2026, the dual pressure of urban development and ecological sustainable construction will enhance connectivity and aggregation, and the ecological environment will gradually recover. At the same time, the competition for various types of land will become increasingly prominent, and agricultural activities will be affected. In summary, optimization strategies are proposed from the perspectives of government, land, landscape, and industry, aiming to promote the sustainable development of land and landscape resources in tourist cities.

National resident survey in dermatopathology: The role of slide scanners in resident learning.

Dermatology residents gain exposure to dermatopathology through a variety of educational modalities. While virtual pathology applications have risen dramatically, resident utilization of digital libraries, slide scanner availability, and comfort with virtual slides are not well-known. This study aims to assess the current landscape of educational resources used by dermatology residents. A 17-question survey was sent to dermatology residents through a national email database. The survey was a self-assessment of their experience in dermatopathology education and the use of departmental slide scanners. The use of digital dermatopathology is high among trainees, despite only half of respondents reporting slide scanner access. Residents report using virtual images more often in non-clinical dermatopathology didactics and independent studies compared to clinical dermatopathology rotations. Public slide set use was common, while professional society and departmental slide sets may be underutilized. Over half of respondents report being extremely or very comfortable navigating interactive scanned slides. Survey data suggests digital slides are currently predominantly used in non-clinical dermatopathology rotations and independent studies. Incorporation of slide scanners into departments may benefit resident education through the development of high-quality, curated departmental slide sets.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION OF ETHNOGRAPHIC PARK "SHKODOVA MOUNTAIN" IN ODESSA

The article examines ethnographic parks, open-air museums and cave settlements of Ukraine for the relevance of creating an ethnographic park in Odessa.
 Tourist centers of territorial tourism systems are, as a rule, historical settlements that have valuable objects of cultural heritage and are determined according to the List of Historical Settlements of Ukraine. The role of tourist centers, in addition to historical settlements, is played by almost all regional cities, which, in addition to monuments, also have notable objects of modern architecture. Most ethnographic parks and open-air museums are located in the northwestern part of Ukraine. One of the most famous open-air museums of our country is the National Museum of Folk Architecture and Life of Ukraine, better known as the Pirogov Museum, which is located in the village of Pirogov, Kyiv region. The open-air Ethnographic Museum "Frumushyka-Nova Bessarabian Village" (2008) has only recently appeared in Odessa region. Another interesting type of settlement found on the territory of our country is Cave settlements (fortresses, cities and monasteries), the most famous "Cave Cities" are located in Crimea. On the mainland of Ukraine, cave settlements are mainly represented by "Cave monasteries". Odessa "Shkodova Mountain" is the center of Usativ culture, on the top of the mountain there is the Usativ cemetery and the Usativ burial mound, at the foot of it – another Cossack cemetery and the famous "Cave Houses" – unique historical monuments of the end of the 18th century, which need to be preserved as a unique cultural heritage of the Cossack era in Odessa. This territory, with appropriate natural and landscape resources within the settlement, which has a natural landscape, historical monuments, a beach and bathing area (a good location on the shore of the Khadzhibey estuary) and the presence of recreational facilities (Sanatorium "Kuyalnik"), can become a wonderful a short-term recreation area for tourists and residents of Odessa.
 All this indicates the urgency of creating an ethnographic museum in the city of Odessa called "Shkodova Mountain", taking into account the historical and archaeological value of this territory.

Exploring the synergy between Karst World Heritage site's OUV conservation and buffer zone’s tourism industry development: a case study of the Libo-Huanjiang Karst

Karst World Heritage Site (KWHS) combines high-grade landscape resources and a fragile ecological environment. As an essential tool for heritage conservation and maintaining local interests, its buffer zone is primarily located in remote villages, a crucial and challenging area for rural revitalization. The conflict between heritage conservation and development is particularly acute at the site. How to deal with the relationship between the heritage site’s OUV conservation and the buffer zone's tourism industry development and realize the synergy between the two subsystems? Few studies have focused on it. There is an urgent need to explore the synergistic mechanism of the KWHS's OUV conservation and the buffer zone's tourism industry development. Accordingly, this study takes the Libo-Huanjiang KWHS, one of the 'South China Karst' series of heritage sites, as a case study. The coupling coordination degree model, gray correlation analysis (GCA), and Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis are used. The results show that: (1) There is a synergistic effect between the Libo-Huanjiang KWHS's OUV conservation and its buffer zone's tourism industry development, showing a favorable trend. The mean value of the coupling coordination degree increased from 0.57 in 2015 to 0.63 in 2020, and the overall situation improved from barely coupling coordination state to primary coupling coordination. (2) Influenced by the main driving factors, such as NDVI, landscape dominance, government support for tourism development, tourists' satisfaction, and residents' support, the coupling coordination of the four tourist scenic areas in the study area differed slightly in 2015 and 2020. Yaoshan Ancient Village Scenic Area is the highest in both years, increasing from 0.69 to 0.81, followed by the Mengliu Buyi Scenic Area (0.59), Wanmu Meiyuan Scenic Area is relatively stable with a slight increase, and Lianshanwan Scenic Area (0.45) is the lowest. (3) The four dimensions of ecological resources, policy drivers, economy drivers, and social facilitators work together to create a synergistic mechanism between the KWHS's OUV conservation and the buffer zone's tourism industry development. Future research can promote synergy between the two by formulating a comprehensive plan, encouraging sustainable tourism, establishing a diversified tourism industry, strengthening heritage education and training, enhancing community participation, and reinforcing stakeholder cooperation.

Horizontal prey distribution determines the foraging performance of short‐ and long‐billed waders in virtual resource landscapes

When waders gather in mixed‐species flocks to feed on benthic prey, differences in morphological traits, foraging strategies and prey selection may allow different species to optimize their energy intake while reducing competition. As the effect of the fine‐scale spatial distribution of resources on energy intake is unknown, we simulated the foraging performance of two types of waders with contrasting body plans and foraging strategies in a variety of virtual mudflats with different horizontal and vertical prey distribution patterns. Although larger, longer‐billed individuals had higher energy intake rates, smaller individuals with shorter bills maintained higher prey capture rates by relocating if prey was insufficiently available. Shorter‐billed individuals struggled more to meet their energetic demands because they selected smaller prey items and had a more limited capacity to metabolize energy from food. Being able to catch larger, high‐quality prey offered a competitive advantage for longer‐billed individuals, which could be a driving force for the evolutionary lengthening of bills in waders. Interestingly, their performance was more affected by the horizontal than by the vertical prey distribution. Quantifying prey distributions may help explain how some wader species can co‐occur in the field and why some wetland areas are unattractive as foraging areas. The work confirms that the foraging performance of larger, longer‐billed birds is not limited by bill size per se, but by the energetic trade‐offs associated with the ability to catch larger prey items more efficiently, increased handling times and higher absolute energy costs. These trade‐offs may become particularly important in landscapes where prey is scarce and spatially patchy.

Research on the segmentation method of a highway landscape corridor zone

Highway landscaping is an important part of highway construction, which plays a role in highway engineering to ensure traffic safety, alleviate visual fatigue, manifest culture, and many other roles. In the actual highway landscape design, the concept of highway landscape planning and design remains unclear, the content is complex, and the design lags behind the main construction of the problem. Different landscape themes should be set for different sections of the road to enable the motorway landscape to play its role, and the reasonable division of the highway landscape paragraph nodes and the determination of different landscape themes are the keys to the problem. This study collects natural and humanistic materials along the highway, arranges and classifies them through the cluster analysis method, and then divides the highway landscape into paragraphs through the fusion of cluster analysis and node control method. Then, the landscape resources in the paragraphs are integrated and refined to define the theme of the paragraphs, the landscape of the paragraphs based on the theme of the paragraphs is generated to bring out the regional cultural connotation, and a highway paragraph landscape theme division process is constructed. Finally, based on the survey of the landscape status quo of the Zhunxing Highway, the landscape theme division method is applied to verify its scientificity. The research results show that the highway paragraph landscape division method based on the cluster analysis method can effectively reflect the landscape characteristics of different road sections, enrich the road landscape design content, reflect the regional cultural characteristics, reduce the phenomenon of driver fatigue due to the landscape content of a single driving, and protect the traffic safety of the highway. This method can effectively guide the highway landscape paragraph planning and node design, has simple operation, and has strong practicality.