Ownership Of Resources Research Articles

Ransomware Detection Using Machine Learning: A Survey

Ransomware attacks pose significant security threats to personal and corporate data and information. The owners of computer-based resources suffer from verification and privacy violations, monetary losses, and reputational damage due to successful ransomware assaults. As a result, it is critical to accurately and swiftly identify ransomware. Numerous methods have been proposed for identifying ransomware, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The main objective of this research is to discuss current trends in and potential future debates on automated ransomware detection. This document includes an overview of ransomware, a timeline of assaults, and details on their background. It also provides comprehensive research on existing methods for identifying, avoiding, minimizing, and recovering from ransomware attacks. An analysis of studies between 2017 and 2022 is another advantage of this research. This provides readers with up-to-date knowledge of the most recent developments in ransomware detection and highlights advancements in methods for combating ransomware attacks. In conclusion, this research highlights unanswered concerns and potential research challenges in ransomware detection.

Ethnic minority women's empowerment in agriculture in the central region of Viet Nam.

Gender inequality and women's empowerment are two closely related issues. While the gender inequality index has been assessed by different studies, that of women's empowerment remained limited. In the present work, we attempted to evaluate the women's empowerment index by comparing it with the male partner's empowerment index in the same household. We used the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) as a framework for reference. A questionnaire was designed to interview 300 people including both men and women in the same ethnic minority household in central Vietnam. The difference in the empowerment level between men and women was assessed through five-component empowerment indicators: agricultural participation, resource ownership, financial control, social organizations participation, and time usage. The results showed that up to 70% of women were disempowered compared to only 15% of men. The binary logistic model revealed the age at first marriage, the level of children's education, education level, distance to the nearest urban area, and the number of children were associated with women's empowerment; whereas age, income, and the level of gender awareness did not show any correlation.

Third-Sector Organizations in Area-Based Initiatives: Instruments for Public Policies or Partners in Co-Production?

Area-based initiatives are central government strategies for community development in particularly deprived urban areas. A core strategy in ABIs is to involve third-sector organizations through co-production. In these areas, the organized civil society is weak, and the public sector has special interests and a willingness to use resources. We ask: if and how can co-production be developed in areas with such power assymetries? Through documents and qualitative interviews, we examined seven ABIs in Norway. We find that managerial ability and coordination, autonomy of action, and, especially, the possession of resources are important dimensions for understanding the development of a co-productive relationship. In the ABIs, we find considerable interdependence between TSO and municipalities as both actors lack resources needed to fulfill their respective goals. This interdependence facilitated co-production.

Smart Markets for Real-Time Allocation of Multiproduct Resources: The Case of Shared Electric Vehicles

Motivated by the deep transformation of the transportation sector toward electric and shared mobility, this research develops a decision support system that enables real-time allocation of shared electric vehicles (SEVs) to either the rental market or aggregated as a virtual power plant to the electricity market. The multipurposing of SEVs beyond the traditional scope of mobility services can boost utilization and profitability for fleet operators while also facilitating the integration of variable rate renewable energy sources. This SEV setting embodies the problem of real-time multiproduct resource allocation via smart markets. We develop an approach that leverages highly digitalized real-time markets and intelligent decision making to enable dynamic multiproduct resource allocation. The tool continuously evaluates market attractiveness and strategically places iterative bids on the resource owner’s behalf until all resources have been committed for a specific period. Our key contribution is to provide a blueprint for similar multi-product resource allocation settings, and demonstrating its efficacy in the domain of SEV fleets by developing tailored analytics and machine learning-based solutions.

КНР и борьба за дискурсивную гегемонию:роль стратегических нарративов

Power in international relations implies not only the possession of outstanding material resources, but also the ability to proposeand popularize attractive ideas, values, and norms and thus control discourse. Scholars note that during the presidencyof Xi Jinping, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has joined the struggle for discursive hegemony. This change in China’sforeign policy requires systematic study, for which the concept of a strategic narrative has analytical value. As defined byA. Miskimmon, B. O’Loughlin and L. Roselle, strategic narratives “are a means for political actors to construct a sharedmeaning of the past, present, and future of international politics to shape the behavior of domestic and international actors.”This article provides an overview of strategic narratives as a conceptual lens to study international relations, summarizesthe existing research of strategic narratives in general and regarding the Chinese case in particular, and suggestsdirections for future studies. The core idea of Chinese strategic narratives is that the PRC is a new type of great power that iscapable of changing the existing unjust and conflict-prone world order. At the same time, China does not propose to radicallyrevise the international system – it portrays the world as divided into great powers and the rest. Overall, China’s strategicnarratives are characterized by a duality that reflects the complexity of China’s foreign policy interests and its attempt toexpand the field of opportunity. Aimed to support different agendas, narratives include references both to the “century ofhumiliation” and the more recent successful experience of China’s modernization. The content of the narratives suggeststhat China is mainly trying to attract the developing countries of the Global South and thus form its own group of followers.However, there is significant variation in communication processes, namely the formation, projection, and reception ofChina’s strategic narratives. The study of this variation, as well as the analysis of the effectiveness of Chinese narratives, isa promising direction for future research.

Make, buy, or ally?—A configurational approach to governance choices in vertical expansion

AbstractFirms expand vertical boundaries by obtaining ownership of relevant resources. There are three means by which firms can achieve this goal: internal development, mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and equity joint ventures. From transaction cost theory and resource‐based view, this study analyzed how resource characteristics, environmental conditions, and firms' capabilities influence their governance choices by studying 30 cases involving architectural, engineering, and construction firms and employing a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis method. The findings reveal that all the antecedents jointly influenced firms' governance choices; however, they did so in a way that led to the firms' rejection as opposed to the implementation of one strategy. Firms avoided choosing internal development to circumvent high internal transaction costs or expand into new business rapidly. Firms excluded M&As when the similarity between new and existing resources was high to avoid resource redundancy. When market uncertainty was high, they did so to avoid investment risks. Moreover, when high external transaction costs were evident due to interactions and interdependency between firms and their partners, firms tended to choose a more integrated strategy and excluded equity joint ventures. The research indicates that firms' relational capabilities help them reduce external transaction costs and identify strategies with the lowest efficiency.

Глобальные проблемы современности: понятие, сущность и классификация

Introduction. Domestic criminology practically does not pay attention to the global problems of our time. At the same time, these unresolved problems give rise to a number of extremely negative consequences that are important for the life of society. These are environmental degradation, famine, food shortages, lack of irrigation and drinking water, reduction of biological diversity, climate change, ecological
 migration, an increase in the incidence of disease and premature death of people, mass genetic deviations, social tensions, an increase in crime, armed conflicts over possession of natural resources. The need to counter the identified threats and consequences necessitates their study and thorough criminal, political and criminological comprehension, as well as the prediction of potential threats and development of adequate countermeasures.
 Goal setting. The global problems of our time pose danger to the entire world community, since the uncontrolled, often criminal human induced impact on the environment causes such harm to all living things that it threatens the existence of the current civilization. Objective. Research of concept, essence, dynamics of global problems of the present and development of their classification. Methodology. The methodology of the work is based on the application of general scientific methods (including comparison and analysis). The work used special methods of science – comparative legal and formal legal, logical, historical. Results. The paper provides a comparative analysis of the concepts and classifications of global problems of our time, reveals the essence of the indicated phenomenon, suggests the author’s concept and criteria for classifying problems as «global», defines and separates global environmental threats to environmental safety. The author comes to the conclusion that such a global problem of modernity as consistent degradation of law, which is the most important regulator of social relations and the greatest achievement of civilization, is clearly underestimated and has not received criminological analysis.

Exploration of gender dynamics in the production and marketing of forage technologies in Kenya

Inadequate and poor-quality feed resources are a key constraining factor in livestock production that compromises the livelihoods of many women and men dependent on livestock, who can be found in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Several forage varieties have been developed, which are targeted to smallholder farmers in developing countries, yet the level of adoption remains low, particularly among women farmers. Adoption of varieties could enhance livelihoods by increasing livestock productivity and also by providing an income from the sale of surplus forage. However, evidence on gendered barriers to and incentives for the adoption of forage varieties is scarce. This study explores the gender dynamics influencing the uptake and commercialization of a forage variety, Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa), among women and men farmers in four subcounties in Kenya. Through a mixed-methods approach, 260 individuals (59 women and 201 men) belonging to a household where at least one individual is a member of a dairy cooperative were interviewed. Complementary data from qualitative interviews engaging 16 single-sex focus group discussions (FGDs) and 8 key informant interviews (KIIs) were collected. Results reveal that Brachiaria is accessible to both women and men. Dairy cooperatives are important means for women and men to access extension services, useful information, and planting materials, but only a few women are cooperative members. Men face constraints owing to small land areas, rather than the ownership and access problems that constrain women. These challenges privilege men as de facto owners of resources while subordinating women and disenfranchising them in terms of adopting this technology. Complex yet important pathways for women’s and men’s empowerment exist through the sale of planting materials, hay bales, and an increased volume of milk obtained when cows are fed with Brachiaria. We conclude that cooperative membership for men should be supported, while at the same time gender norms that reduce women’s engagement with cooperatives, and their access to and control over land, should be challenged.

Negotiating oil and gas resource ownership for equitable sharing: A problematization approach and evidence from India

Previous studied shown a less focus on assumptions underlying established theories. However, this claim found as a gaps in the extant literature. We argue that through gap spotting reinforces rather than challenges the assumptions and, actually reduces the chance of producing a good theories, thus, first, we use critical review analysis of resource ownership; in addition draw a proposition how to formulate research questions using a problematization. Based on this, we build up a country level –decision making model, presented it in three scenarios, and based on a comprehensive list of factors (criteria). The findings from different scenario suggest that critical analysis facilitates meaningful theory, draws research questions, and helps in building the country level model. Our model offers several theoretical contributions, first to explore the importance of resource ownership in facilitating O&G resource ownership; later how theoretical contribution can be demonstrated in O&G industry, especially in developing countries.

The Three Movements in the Management of Lands and Natural Resources in Ghana: From the Crown Lands Bill of 1897 to the Land Act of 2020

This paper examines the three movements that characterize the ownership and management of lands and natural resources in Ghana since the start of British colonial rule. First, we explore the different stratagems employed by the colonial State in its attempt to introduce the failed Crown Lands Bill that sought to give it control over the locals' lands. Next, we turn the spotlight on the state-centric approach to ownership of lands and natural resources adopted by the post-independent State, particularizing the reasons for the new approach. Finally, we discuss the defining features of the current movement, whose seeds were sown at the close of the second movement but only germinated properly in 1992 with the birth of the Fourth Republic. The paper argues that an appreciation of the different shades that undergird these movements is a crucial step towards understanding the current land tenure system and creating the future we hope for as far as the ownership and management of lands and natural resources in Ghana are concerned.

A decision support system for selection and risk management of sustainability governance approaches in multi-tier supply chain

Lower-tier suppliers' sustainability noncompliance and focal company's failure at meeting the expectations of the stakeholders to extend sustainability towards lower-tier suppliers carry multiple risks, tangible and intangible, to the focal company. It is expected that extending sustainability to suppliers at lower tiers through effective sustainability governance approaches (SGAs) can reduce these risks for focal companies. The existing literature lacks research on decision support tools using management science techniques to help decision makers choose the most suitable SGA/SGAs in a given situation and the risk management of SGAs in multi-tier supply chain. The present study develops a model-driven decision support system (DSS) using Bayesian network (BN) that can assist operations managers in selecting the most effective SGA/SGAs in multi-tier supply chain considering each situation. The developed DSS includes contingency factors and risk variables and their relationships which are identified through a systematic literature review and is applied to the multi-tier, sustainable supply chain of a multinational company operating in China to demonstrate its practical applicability. The DSS is then used in the risk management of the SGAs in multi-tier supply chain, which includes core steps such as identification of the contingency factors and risk variables, the prioritisation of the contingency factors and risk treatment. By Prioritising the basic contingency factors, ‘‘Focal company's sustainability knowledge’’ and ‘‘The specific nature of the materials sourced from lower-tier supplier’’, and ‘‘First-tier supplier's possession of internal resources'’ and ‘‘First-tier supplier's sustainability training’’ were identified as the two most important factors regarding their impact on the effectiveness of the direct and indirect approaches respectively. Detailed managerial implications related to the development and implementation of the DSS and the risk management process are also provided.

Research on natural resource accounting issues from the perspective of ecological civilization

The systematic thought of "mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass ice is a community of life" requires us to set up an overall view of ecological governance. To evaluate the effectiveness of natural resource protection and management and respond to the public's concern about the shortage of resources, it is necessary to carry out the accounting work of natural resources. However, the accounting work of natural resources under the background of ecological civilization construction is still in the stage of groping forward. This paper creatively analyzes the classification of natural resources assets, the determination of natural assets value, the confirmation and measurement of resource liabilities and net assets through accounting, and explores the system and method of compiling the balance sheet of natural resources, which has certain reference value to realize the sustainable development of natural resources ecological civilization construction. This paper calculates the original ownership and use rights of land, mineral resources and water resources in a city of China. The results show that land transfer fees increased by 127,996.24 million yuan, the ending balance of natural resources taxes and land resources reserves in storage at the end of the year was 27,956 million yuan, the loss of coal resources was 300 tons, and water resources decreased by 85,062 million cubic meters.

Bargaining Position of The Government in the Mining Sector Regarding the Change to a Special Mining Business Permit

Mineral and coal mining activities in Indonesia have been going on for a long time, and because of this, many legal instruments that support it have certainly been formed. Its arrangements regarding the exploitation of minerals and coal are in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, however, because the Minerba Law was only able to reach legal actions after the publication of the Minerba Law, matters related to contracts of work that existed before the Minerba Law were not covered. The existence of a contract of work is considered inconsistent with Pancasila, namely the Fifth Precept “Social Justice for All Indonesian People” and Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution concerning the substance of earth, water and natural resources “controlled by the state” and “used for the greatest prosperity of the people” . Post-reform, with the spirit of decentralization and regional autonomy, mining policy was directed at supporting mining management authority by local governments, and at the same time, an concession system based on mining business licenses was introduced. Contracts of work, which are standard agreements, should provide a greater portion of profits to the Indonesian people as owners of natural resources, because they have a higher bargaining position. In reality, by becoming a party to a contract of work, it does not give the Indonesian government a balanced bargaining position. To be able to accommodate the interests of the community in terms of cooperation contracts in the field of mining exploitation, it is necessary to revise existing contracts by incorporating provisions that are legally binding on business actors and the Government, especially those relating to aspects of community development and the implementation of social responsibility of business actors.

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ РЕНТООРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА В МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article implements an extended interpretation of the category of rent and its types. Private owner-ship of a limited resource is analyzed as the basis of rental relations, as well as formal and informal institutionalization of private property. The state's rent-seeking behavior is viewed through the prism of the creation of supranational institutions that make it possible to redistribute rental income in favor of dominants in the world economy. The creation of military conflicts acts as a kind of channel for extracting complex rent – monetary (dollar), land, military.

Metropolitan water purification facilities towards variability mitigation of the renewable resources: Optimal bid method for small hydropower generators

As carbon neutrality in the power system arises as one of the important issues, numerous nations have been increasing penetration of the renewable resources. However, greater penetration of the renewable resources in the power systems has caused reliability issues due to the innate unpredictable output characteristics. For minimization of unpredictability and its consequential effects on the system reliability, the nations such as the Republic of Korea, Great Britain and Australia have been introduced market-based variability mitigating measures. The incentive policy driven market-based measures were designed to draw voluntary participation from the asset owners capable of providing controllability over the resources aggregated to be a single portfolio. Small hydropower generators in metropolitan water purification facilities can be actively utilized for such mitigation because of their relatively stable output characteristics. However, entities responsible for metropolitan water purification facilities with small hydropower generators have been reluctant to participate in the market with the mitigations incentive since there are no structured methods to acquire dispatch reliability of the water resources considering participation in the energy market. Thus, this paper presents a scheduling algorithm for the aggregated portfolio of renewable resources, utilizing small hydropower generators as one of the tools for variability mitigation. In the results, the portfolio-wide forecast error was reduced to below 2% in the presence of the scheduling algorithm and small hydropower generators as mitigation resources, while the water intake schedule at water purification facilities remained evenly distributed. Small hydropower generators played a key role in mitigating variability in the algorithm, and the revenue generated from the participation of these small hydropower generators contributed to approximately one third of the gross revenue from the portfolio. The algorithm was demonstrated to provide renewable resource owners with an additional revenue stream, beyond what is typically provided by government subsidies.

Fighting fire with fire: the use of an auxiliary platform to address the inherent weaknesses of a platform-based business

PurposeThe success of sharing economy (SE) platforms has made it attractive for many firms to adopt this business model. However, the inherent weaknesses of these platforms, such as their unstandardized service quality, the burden of maintenance on resource owners and the threat of multi-homing, have become increasingly apparent. Previous prescriptions for addressing these weaknesses, however, are limited because they do not account for factors such as compliance costs and information asymmetry, and tend to solve the problem on only one side of the platform at the expense of the others. By exploring the strategies deployed and actions undertaken across the development of Xbed, a successful accommodation-sharing platform in China, this study aims to explore an alternative solution that would overcome the aforementioned weaknesses without the corresponding compromises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study consisting of secondary data and interviews with 15 informants who were representatives of Xbed's top management, organizational IT functions and its various business units.FindingsThe authors identified three inherent weaknesses that may be found in SE business models and how these weaknesses can be overcome without compromising other stakeholders through an auxiliary platform. The authors also discuss the advantages, characteristics, deployment and nature of auxiliary platforms.Originality/valueThis model contributes an in-depth view of establishing and nurturing auxiliary platforms to complement a primary SE platform. Owners and managers of SE platforms may use our model as the basis of guidelines for optimizing their platforms' development, thereby extending the benefits of SE to more stakeholders.

Data-Driven Analysis and Evaluation of Regional Resources and the Environmental Carrying Capacity

The resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) of a region are considered the key and the foundation for achieving sustainable development and the benchmark of environmental protection and pollution control. However, to improve the regional RECC, we need to comprehensively consider the data information and correlation of the economy, society, resources, and the environment. Therefore, we propose a data-driven method for RECC measurement and evaluation of the regional RECC. Based on data collection and the application of the pressure-state-response (PSR) framework to reflect RECC, an evaluation index system for the regional RECC is constructed. The technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) model with the entropy weight method is used to measure and evaluate the regional RECC. The obstacle degree model is adopted to select and identify the key factors affecting the regional RECC and to propose targeted policy suggestions for data application. The results indicate that the RECC level in three provinces and one city of the Yangtze River Delta region fluctuated slightly from 2010 to 2019, with an overall upward trend. Anhui Province has a relatively weak carrying capacity, and the main obstacles to RECC improvement in the region are the proportion of wetland area and the ownership of water resources. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for regional RECC research and management as well as a basis for formulating policies related to environmental protection and pollution control.

Economic evaluation of variable renewable energy participation in U.S. ancillary services markets

Variable renewable energy (VRE) is not yet meaningfully participating in U.S. ancillary services (AS) markets. VRE participation in AS markets could provide a new source of revenue for VRE resource owners to offset declining energy and capacity values and a new tool for power system operators to address emerging system constraints. This paper uses a price-taker dispatch model and historical prices to estimate the economic value of standalone and hybrid (battery-paired) VRE participation in AS markets, from the resource owner and electricity system perspectives, in each of the seven U.S. independent system operator and regional transmission organization (ISO/RTO) markets where ancillary service prices are set. Across ISO/RTO markets, average (2015–2019) simulated incremental revenues from power regulation market participation were $0.0–2.9/MWh (+0–15% of revenue without participation) for standalone VRE owners and $1–33/MWh (+1–69%) for hybrid VRE owners. However, ISO/RTO reserve markets are relatively thin and have the potential to become saturated by energy storage projects that are currently in ISO/RTO interconnection queues. In most markets, standalone and hybrid VRE could provide power regulation reserves during periods with high power regulation prices, suggesting that VRE participation in AS markets could have high system value. The analysis highlights the relevance of separate upward and downward power regulation products and indicates that ISOs/RTOs might consider initially focusing on enabling hybrid VRE provision of AS.

Synthesis of ecological and economic aspects as methodological bases for constitutionally motivated land-nature-use in modern Ukraine

An analysis of ecological and economic aspects of land-nature-use was carried out, based on the essence of new theoretical knowledge of constitutional land law acquired by us as a modern need for urgent institutionalization of current constitutional land norms. The purpose of the article is to reveal the main empirical results of the analysis and synthesis of ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use for the application of methods and methods of assessment of natural resources (natural objects) as scientific and practical prerequisites for legal nature use based on current land regulations Constitution of Ukraine. It has been established that the ecological and economic aspects in relation to the methodological foundations of land-nature-use are an integral part of the normative-legal aspects and are completely consistent with each other, since their essence is based on the same land norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. It has been proven that ecological and economic relations are relations that arise between specific subjects of property rights, which are, on the one hand, the Ukrainian people (all citizens of Ukraine) as the absolute owner of all natural resources (objects), and on the other hand — the owner (lessee) of a land plot (object of civil rights) as the «owner» and «user» of natural resources (objects) owned by someone else — the main national wealth, which de jure is under the special protection of the state. Since, in accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine, the ownership of the land and its natural resources by the Ukrainian people obligates and must not be used to the detriment of man and society, it is imperative, first of all, to identify and certify all natural objects that have a nature reserve, nature protection, recreational, historical, cultural and other value. It was established that only under the conditions of implementation of the current constitutional norm of «use» of the property of the Ukrainian people, instead of the imaginary norm in the Land Code of Ukraine (Article 79) and the Civil Code of Ukraine (Article 373) — "distribution", a responsible and effective obligation will arise the obligation to carry out legal nature use and real protection of land and its natural resources as natural objects of someone else’s property for all categories of land, especially agricultural land.

Wood lots and horticultural intensification in Prehistoric Tucson, B.C. 2,100-A.D. 500

This study presents the results of a long-term, large-data set paleoethnobotanical study of wood use along the Santa Cruz River floodplain, near Tucson, Arizona. Over the interval from 2,100BCE to A.D.50, local villagers depleted regional saltbush stocks by overharvesting them for fuel. At the same time, they became increasingly reliant on mesquite. We explore the implications of the reduction of saltbush, and the dependence on mesquite. We combine information from ancient wood charcoal assemblages, an ancient pollen assemblage, estimates of likely per capita fuelwood consumption rates, and estimates of mesquite and saltbush productivity. We show that vast amounts of land had to be set aside for sustainable mesquite harvesting. We suggest that the need for mesquite management for fuel emerged coevally with agricultural intensification prior to A.D. 50. Thereafter, additional demands for fuel during the Agua Caliente phase further escalated the need for managing wood lots. This study is germane for scholars of the prehistoric American Southwest, and also for people studying pre-pottery early agricultural societies or prehistoric community resource ownership worldwide.