Resource Arrangements Research Articles

Millennial executives: effects of the age-inverse relationship in CEO–top management team on corporate misconduct in China’s construction industry

PurposeThis study examines whether and how the age-inverse relationship between the chief executive officer (CEO) and the top management team (TMT) affects corporate misconduct in China’s construction industry. Drawing on social identity theory, we propose that the age-inverse relationship in CEO–TMT may diminish their social identity and further decrease the likelihood of corporate misconduct in construction firms.Design/methodology/approachUsing a longitudinal dataset of firms in China’s construction industry covering the years 2003 through 2021, this study adopted a logit regression model with fixed effects.FindingsThe results show that the age-inverse relationship in CEO–TMT is negatively related to corporate misconduct. Further investigations suggest that performance feedback moderates the relationship between the age-inverse relationship in CEO–TMT and corporate misconduct. Firms with an age-inverse relationship between CEOs and TMTs are more likely to engage in fraudulent behavior when performance is above aspirations and less likely to commit fraud when performance is below aspirations.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample of this study is limited to China’s construction firms. Drawing on social identity theory, this study explores the relationship between the age-inverse relationship and corporate misconduct in China’s construction industry, which enriches the antecedents of corporate misconduct and contributes to CEO–TMT interface research within construction firms.Practical implicationsThis study provides a guideline for construction firms on how to regulate and reduce misconduct. It will offer insights into human resource arrangements within the management of construction firms in an aging context.Originality/valueConsidering that few studies explore fraudulent behavior of construction companies at the upper echelon level, this study focuses on a novel and new antecedent (i.e. age-inverse relationship in CEO–TMT) and its boundary conditions. The findings extend the research on corporate misconduct and strategic leadership in the construction industry.

Assessment of comprehensive school safety in Vietnam: From policy to practice

Since the first School Safety Program launched by the Ministry of Education and Training in 2007, Vietnam has promoted various multi-sectoral activities to advance school safety nationwide. This study aims to identify the opportunities to advance school disaster safety by assessing policies and practices in Vietnam. A framework adapted from the ASEAN Comprehensive School Safety Framework and School Disaster Resilience Assessment is utilized to evaluate policy coverage and implementation level of school safety in Vietnam. The study systematically reviewed legal documents at national level, followed by questionnaire surveys conducted for primary schools in Da Nang City, which was selected as a pilot evaluation site owing to its vulnerability to natural disasters and extensive records of school safety practices. Results show that the most critical elements of school safety have been reflected in existing policy documents and regulations. However, the gap between policies and implementation remains due to the inadequacy of school safety viewpoint, designated roles and responsibilities, resources, and guidelines for supporting the school safety practices at the local level. The findings emphasize the importance of a national school safety framework that enables institutional and resource arrangements for better practices at the local level.

Artificial Intelligence and Public Sector Human Resource Management: Opportunities, Challenges

We have developed concerning individuals, technology, industry, and different resources because of developing globalization since evolution is an ever-evolving shift through time. Mechanical technology, language acknowledgment, picture acknowledgment, information investigation, and a couple of additional master frameworks is a portion of the innovations that are essential for the evolution of digitization and regularization of artificial intelligence. Organizations, particularly those in the IT sector, are adopting various innovations including virtual reality, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and others. Human resource management methods must now undergo the same evolution through computerization of work, which might incorporate undertaking, employing achievement (the enlistment and determination process), upgraded ability quality, information examination, and group plan viability. In the current study, we carefully examined and analyzed a sizable number of published papers based on their contributions to the field of knowledge with the quickly developing trend of using artificial intelligence technology in contemporary economics. Additionally, look into how experience and age affect the suggested associations. In order to examine the link between the study's latent variables, a structural framework was established. The findings showed that behavioral intention of HR professionals is significantly influenced by trust and performance expectations. The performance expectations of HR professionals were significantly influenced by trust and technical readiness. Finally, there was no moderating influence of age or experience on the link between performance expectations and behavioral intention and trust. The results of this study help advance the notion of information technology dissemination in human resource management. All the examination of information relating to human resources has attracted the consideration of all organizations late years, and the accentuation has been put on human capital, which is viewed as the essential variable affecting the improvement of the business and its exercises at all degrees of human resource arrangements. It tries to clearly outline the problems that computer scientists are working to address for HR researchers. By emphasizing those that use artificial intelligence, it simultaneously outlines the many and modern IT approaches, tools, and methodologies now in use.

Are Chinese Citizens Satisfied with Lockdown Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak Period? A Survey from Wuhan, Shulan, and Nanjing

This paper evaluated whether the citizens are satisfied with outcomes and performance of lockdown initiatives in defending against COVID-19. We statistical analyzed participants’ characteristics and used a logit regression to analyze the factors associated with their experience and satisfaction with the lockdown initiative. According to our results, the issues of information disclosure, reasonable resource arrangements, and timely governmental responses significantly influenced the experiences of citizens during the lockdown period. The findings can guide policy makers regarding implementing more progressive initiatives to limit the spread of COVID-19 and facilitate the use of emergency measures for the sake of public health.

Evidence-based Practice and Information and Communication Technology: Stakeholders’ Insights

Stakeholders’ role to support evidence-based practice (EBP) and enhancing the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for EBP is essential. However, how EBP is supported and how ICT is utilized in health care providers is unknown. Aim: This study aims to explore stakeholders’ insights regarding the implementation of EBP and the use of ICT. A qualitative study with semi-structured face-to-face interview was used to obtain the aim. Using purposive sampling, eleven management representatives from public and private hospitals, clinics, and health office in Depok city, Indonesia were asked about EBP and ICT. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Five themes emerged from this study. EBP services availability and accessibility showed ICT sources were adequate, but still need improvement in the library and Education and Training Department (ETD); Healthcare workforce represented doctors and nurses who hardly generate research although permitted by the stakeholders; Health information system such as clinical cases forums in hospitals was established, but current evidence was rarely discussed; Funding for research and training related to EBP were not allocated; Leadership and governance showed there were limited policies on EBP and clinical instructors available in hospitals but generally work on supporting training and student practices. Although EBP implementation needs improvement, the stakeholders in this study mostly support EBP and enable ICT for EBP purposes. Advocacy on policy and resource arrangements is urged to support information initiatives.

Disciplining interdisciplinarity: Infrastructure, identity, and interdisciplinary practice in nanoELSI research

AbstractLarge-scale interdisciplinary collaboration between natural and social sciences has been advocated by funding agencies for enhancing communication between science and society. However, the actual infrastructure design and operation remain challenging, particularly for social-science-led interdisciplinary centers, which normally do not have core scientific facilities or centralized laboratories to coordinate collaborations among disciplines. Drawing upon ethnographic and interview data, this paper examines how the notion of interdisciplinarity was practiced in two federally-funded Centers for Nanotechnology in Society. We show how federal policies, university cultures, and local organizational structures significantly impacted forms of interdisciplinary practice and identity. In addition, we show that individuals’ interdisciplinary rhetoric, epistemic claims, and daily operation of interdisciplinarity require strong infrastructural support in terms of spatial and human resource arrangements to nurture cross-disciplinary coordination and trust as well as softening collaborative tensions while developing complementary projects.

A Review of PCI Express Protocol-Based Systems in Response to 5G Application Demand

In the Personal Computer (PC) industry, systems with updated configurations, components, and new technologies are introduced to the market each year. Resource arrangement and the prediction of market requirements for products are common challenges in each development phase of these products. Technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud services influence the PC industry, and product strategies must be examined to fit the requirements of the market. Common designs and market predictions can influence product line resource arrangements, and 5G applications are causing an increasing demand for 5G-enabled products in the market. However, PC systems based on PCI Express, NVMe, USB, and TPM have been introduced into the market with more secure solutions, and common designs and predictable market demand can provide more reliable strategies for navigating these issues. The research reported here is based on the serial bus system, which should simplify protocol transition between PCI Express, CXL, USB 4, and NVMe. Serial bus behavior should also influence performance and power consumption. Product strategies could be based on securing demand with power and performance in AI, the IoT, cloud storage, and high-performance computing. Based on performance and power requirements, application layer devices can use PCIe-based systems to provide secure solutions to extend 5G system reliability.

A systems thinking approach for antimicrobial stewardship in primary care

ABSTRACT Introduction The establishment of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in primary care is central to substantially reduce the antimicrobial use and the associated risk of resistance. This perspective piece highlights the importance of systems thinking to set up and facilitate AMS programs in primary care. Areas covered The challenges that primary care faces to incorporate AMS programmes is multifactorial: an implementation framework, relevant resources, team composition, and system structures remain under-researched, and these issues are often overlooked and/or neglected in most parts of the world. Progress in the field remains slow in developed countries but potentially limited in low- and middle-income countries. Expert opinion The key AMS strategies to optimize antimicrobial use in primary care are increasingly known; however, health system components that impact effective implementation of AMS programs remain unclear. We highlight the importance of systems thinking to identify and understand the resource arrangements, system structures, dynamic system behaviors, and intra- and interprofessional connections to optimally design and implement AMS programs in primary care. An AMS systems thinking systemigram (i.e. a visual representation of overall architecture of a system) could be a useful tool to foster AMS implementation in primary care.

Critical criteria for enhancing consumption intention in restaurants during COVID-19

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to illustrate the different systems controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and curbing the impact of the virus on the hospitality economy. The author’s clarified the critical attributes of the government, organization management system and consumer behaviour using mediation-moderation models and demonstrated how those critical attributes influenced customer consumption intention during COVID-19 in Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachDue to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this research is mainly distributed through online questionnaires through Facebook and other social media channels to recruit volunteers. Second, the pre-test survey used 100 questionnaires collected from juniors and seniors from a university in northern Taiwan to make predictions. Third, this study also conducted a questionnaire validity analysis, which identified 9 criteria and 34 items. Fourth, the questionnaire collected samples for a total of three months. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses in a sample of 1,098 consumers in Taiwan.FindingsThis study considers government, enterprise and consumer levels and conducts relevant factor analysis from consumers’ perspectives to understand the changes in consumer behaviour under COVID-19 influence. Regarding mediation, this study finds that information and communication mediate the relationships between crisis management and COVID-19 impact. Regarding moderation, this study exposes the critical moderating part of human resources, that hygiene and safety strengthen the relationships between COVID-19 impact and attitude towards life and that perceived anxiety strengthens the relationship between attitude towards life and consumption intention.Practical implicationsDuring COVID-19, restaurants should cooperate with the government to reduce the risk of community infection. Therefore, the government also needs to cooperate with restaurant companies to enhance the industrial economy, actively communicate with consumers and provide correct and sufficient information. At the same time, restaurant enterprises also need to have sufficient human resource arrangements, hygiene and safety planning to eliminate consumers’ doubts.Originality/valueThese findings indicate that consumers’ consumption intention to eat out is affected by the COVID-19 impact and attitude towards life. This research also confirms that perceived anxiety has a mediating effect on the relationship between consumer attitudes towards life and consumption intentions. To improve the restaurant economic process, they should consider solutions to reduce consumers’ perception of the COVID-19 impact and fear of eating out.

Visibility and Indivisibility in Resource Arrangements

Projects like highways, bridges, pipelines, and wildlife corridors exhibit indivisibilities — we need the whole thing to have anything of value. Many environmental and social goals have a similar all-or-nothing character: staying above or below a certain critical threshold can make all the difference. This essay focuses on the role of visibility in addressing resource dilemmas that have this structure. I examine how two kinds of visibility can help avoid catastrophic consequences and advance desirable ones. The first involves recognizing when an indivisibility is present — that is, appreciating the vulnerability of resources to thresholds and cliff effects before it is too late. The second involves seeing how individual decisions about resources stack together to generate outcomes. When a resource problem suffers from poor visibility along these dimensions, finding ways to clear the view can improve the prospects for cooperative solutions.

Power-Efficient Mapping of Large Applications on Modern Heterogeneous FPGAs

The increasing size of modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) allows for ever more complex applications to be mapped onto them. However, long design implementation times for large designs can severely affect design productivity. A modular design methodology can improve design productivity in a divide and conqueror fashion but at the expense of degraded performance and power consumption of the resulting implementation. To reduce the dominant power dissipation component in FPGAs, the routing power, methodologies have been proposed that consider data communication between modules during module formation and placement on the FPGA. Selecting proper mapping region on target FPGAs, on the other hand, is becoming a critical process because of the heterogeneous resources and column arrangements in modern FPGAs. Selecting inappropriate FPGA regions for mapping could lead to degraded performance. Hence, we propose a methodology that uses communication-aware module placement, such that modules are mapped by selecting the best shape and region on the FPGA factoring the columnar resource arrangements. Additionally, techniques for module locking and splitting have been proposed for deterministic convergence of the algorithm and for improved module placement. This methodology exhibits nearly 19% routing power reduction with respect to commercial CAD flows without any degradation in achievable performance.

Building a sustainable peace: How peace processes shape and are shaped by the international legal framework for the governance of natural resources

Natural resources are strongly connected to the onset, duration and recurrence of armed conflicts. However, even after an armed conflict has formally ended, natural resources can be an important trigger for a relapse into armed conflict. For these reasons, it is of the utmost importance, both from a security and a development perspective, to address natural resources as an integral part of the peace process. This article aims to assess how provisions in peace agreements addressing natural resource governance are embedded in the international legal framework. It inquires into the particularities and legal nature of peace agreements and examines the various functions of natural resource arrangements as part of peace agreements. Finally, as each category of natural resources comes with distinct legal questions and peacebuilding challenges, the article zooms in on water governance as a case study to explore the different ways in which natural resource arrangements in peace agreements and international law interact. The analysis is based on a study of 40 intra‐State agreements, including the 2015 South Sudan agreement, the 2015 Mali agreement and the 2016 Colombian agreement.

Multi-system shale gas supply chain planning with development and resource arrangements

In this paper, the optimal development of multiple shale gas systems and production and transportation of shale gas are studied. By tracing the path of shale gas from development to production to transportation to selling, a discrete-time mixed integer linear program (MILP) formulation is developed, which when solved, yields the economical scheduling of pad development operations and shale gas production, and planning of development resource and pipeline contracts. The MILP formulation is applied to two case studies to demonstrate the benefits of simultaneously optimizing development, production, and transportation for a multi-system shale gas development area.

PENATAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA APARATUR DAERAH BERBASIS KOMPETENSI

The implementation of Regional Government is directed at accelerating the realization of community welfare through improving services, empowerment, and community participation. In an effort to achieve the above goals, apparatus with the right, professional and competent numbers are needed. In line with the principles of professionalism and objectivity that are required in the law on staffing matters, the Bureaucratic Reformation in the Regional Government needs to conduct competency-based Apparatus Resource Arrangements. Presidential Regulation Number 81 of 2010 concerning Grand Design of Bureaucratic Reform explains that the main problem of state apparatus HR is the allocation in terms of quantity, quality, and distribution of civil servants according to unequal territorial (regional), and low levels of civil servant productivity. Structuring the human resources of the apparatus has not been optimally implemented to improve professionalism, employee performance, and organization. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through (1) desk study (study of literature and documents) and (2) field study (field study) that uses observation and interview techniques. Competency-based Apparatus Resource Management implies the need for the availability of information relating to competence. In this case the two main pillars are the competencies required by the office, commonly referred to as Position Competency Standards and the competencies possessed by employees.Keywords: Apparatus HR Management, Employee Competence, Regional Apparatus HR.

Managing Technology Uncertainty Under Multi-Firm New Product Development

The growing sophistication of component technologies and the rising costs of product development require firms to collaborate in the development of new products by pooling their resources and entering into resource or cost-sharing arrangements. However, the management of new product development that occurs jointly between a technology supplier and its industrial customer presents a new set of challenges. While such vertical collaboration enables each firm to focus on what it does best and achieve certain economies of specialization, it also introduces new issues associated with the alignment of decisions and incentives that have to be managed alongside conventional performance and timing uncertainties of new product development. In this paper, we conceptualize and formulate the co-development of products involving two firms and examine the implications of two collaboration mechanisms found in industrial practice. We term these approaches which involve sharing of the development cost and sharing of the development work, investment sharing and innovation sharing, and find that they have subtle effects on the degree of product innovation and profits of individual firms, depending on the nature and extent of technological uncertainty, product development cost structure, and complementary relationships with other products. We consider both exogenous and endogenous technology uncertainty, and study the impact of investment and innovation sharing on a firm's technology consideration set, product qualities, and profits. Conditions under which firms should consider one mechanism over the other and over single firm product development are proposed. Our analysis shows that, while investment sharing plays an important role in environments with higher levels of technology uncertainty, innovation sharing can result in greater quality improvements and profits if firms are able to manage the distributed product development process more efficiently. We translate our analytical findings into a managerial framework and illustrate it with examples from the industry.

Governing Alternative Resources for Social Policy: A Welfare Political Challenges on Mixed-Welfare Arrangements

The issue of social policy development in Indonesia has received considerable critical attention due often not consider non-state actor in the welfare provision. Data from several studies show that welfare system of contemporary Indonesia commonly fits with mix regime model, where the state, kinship relation, and markets play important role in provide social welfare for the society simultaneously. Accordingly, the greater efforts are needed to ensure that policy maker could regulate the ability to stimulate the compatible actor with likely welfare outcomes expected. By taking the empirical case of the Program Bedah Rumah Swadaya in Kulon Progo Regency Yogyakarta, this paper would examine the welfare politics that put community and market institutions as alternative resources to provides the decent houses for disadvantage groups. Correspondingly, this account composed into the three of main parts. The first part begins by laying out a brief overview of the foundation of Kulon Progo welfare system. The second part would identify how the political citizenship dimension is carried out through this programs. While the last part captures the resource arrangements in housing provision.

Exploring gender perceptions of resource ownership and their implications for food security among rural livestock owners in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nicaragua

Productive resources are essential to the livelihoods and food security of the world’s rural poor. Gender-equal ownership of resources is considered key to increasing agricultural productivity, equity, and food security. However, there has not been much research about local understandings of ownership particularly in the Global South. In addition, research is also lacking about how concepts of ownership affect food security at the household level. This paper discusses the variability of local understanding of ownership by showing seven domains resource ownership was associated with by a small cohort of respondents. It shows the flexibility of systems governing resource entitlements among the studied communities and their impact on food security. It shows that, irrespective of these understandings and systems, resource arrangements favored men. The authors argue that an understanding of local meanings of ownership might reveal important and unnoticed aspects of resource allocation, as well as provide guidance for initiatives that seek to provide locally relevant approaches to improving gender equity.

Attitudes and arrangements at workplace and sickness absence among blue‐ and white‐collar workers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the associations of employees’ attitudes and human resource arrangements to sickness absence from the perspective of absence culture and work ability.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in one of the largest food industry companies in Finland. Sickness absence register data were obtained from the years 2003 to 2005 and a survey from 2005. This survey included single propositions about work arrangements (five propositions) and attitudes (three propositions) during sickness absence. These were analysed by absence days and short (1‐7 days) and long spells (>7 days).FindingsThe attitude of blue‐collar workers who agreed that it is a matter of course that someone is absent was statistically significant regarding sickness absence. They had increased risk for sickness absence days and for short spells. From work arrangements during absence the fact that jobs will wait returning to the workplace decreased the risk for short and long sickness absence spells in both groups. In addition, the fact that the employer will take a substitute during workmates’ absence increased the risk for all measured sickness absence rates among white‐collar workers.Practical implicationsThese findings should be noted in enterprises’ human resource management and occupational health services to manage and understand sickness absence.Originality/valueAlthough sickness absence has been widely studied, very little is known about sickness absence related work arrangements and attitudes associated with sickness absence. This study increases knowledge about these issues.

Zimbabwe's post-colonial antinomies as the ‘northern problem’: policy projections

Zimbabwe, like many other post-colonial African states, has a ‘northern problem’. As a metaphor, the concept of ‘northern problem’ refers to the disgruntled groups in a state claiming a particular history and identity that differ from those of the dominant ‘other’. The metaphor does not necessarily imply that these forms of disenchantment and their fissures are found in the northern parts of every African nation-state. Rather, certain groups in a state may not consider themselves to be citizens and also hold the view of state boundaries as fictitious. Matebeleland, in Zimbabwe, serves as an example, with calls for devolution of power or a form of irredentist secessionist bid. The ‘northern problem’ results from feelings of being dominated, excluded and marginalised in terms of national resource distribution and leadership (power as a resource) arrangements. This article will project into the future challenges that may be faced given the region of Matebeleland as a political hotbed in Zimbabwe and the possibility of violent conflict if their concerns are not addressed. It will also attempt to provide a detailed engagement of the devolution of power conceptualised as part of administrative decentralisation. I conclude by arguing that if the devolution of power is properly implemented, starting with inclusion in the Zimbabwean constitution, the challenge of Matebeleland as a ‘northern problem’ may cease to pose a threat that is likely to fan secessionist calls.

Service provision to students: where the gown best fits

One of the challenges facing those responsible for service provision in universities is ensuring that service is provided at the right point in the organisation. Service delivery points can exist at the school/department level, faculty/division level or central unit/university wide level. This does not always follow organisational logic, common sense, the interests of stakeholders, or an organisational service strategy or plan. Many universities have established ‘one‐stop shops’ for student services. These have taken many forms and include a range of services, from student administration and student support services, to information technology support and cashier/student financial services. Different management arrangements, including the use of service agreements, have also been used across the sector in Australia. There are additional levels of complexity caused by multiple campuses, differences in the composition of the student body, differences in teaching arrangements, organisational structures and resource arrangements. This paper focuses on student administration and support services. It analyses a range of current models in universities and provides some suggestions for assessing the logic of the models, using a set of underlying principles to help make decisions. The paper considers the services provided, staffing and resource levels, organisational structures and student feedback.