Resolution Of Potential Research Articles

Surface potential mapping in the SiO2 system using a FET cantilever

Abstract The surface potential variations are measured, according to the enhanced measuring speed and voltage sensitivity, using an active device, such as a field-effect-transistor (FET) [R.C. Barrett, C.F. Quate, J. Appl. Phys. 70 (1991) 2725; Y. Martin, D.W. Habraham, H.K. Wickramasighe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 52 (1988) 1103; G.H. Buh, H.J. Chung, Y. Kuk, Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 (2001) 2010]. In this study, the surface potential was mapped in the patterned SiO 2 medium at room temperature. An improved FET-tip cantilever, which has a source, a drain, and an n -channel, was used in this study. The potential images were analyzed both in the contact mode and the non-contact mode, using only a pre-amplifier system instead of a lock-in the amplifier. A probe was used to measure the surface potential with a resolution of 2 islands. In the non-contact mode, however, the resolution of the surface potential was measured at about 270 nm at low scanning speed. The probe can also be used to write charges on a surface.

Measurement of Cross-Sectional Potential of InAlAs/InGaAs Layered Structures in Vacuum by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy

Cross-sectional contact potential images of InAlAs/InGaAs layered heterostructures have been successfully obtained by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KFM) both in air and in vacuum. The results showed that their contact potential difference in vacuum was much larger than that in air. The spatial resolution of contact potential was improved to approximately 20 nm in vacuum.

Learning from the Mistakes of Others

This article examines the issue of scientific misconduct and its implications for the training of social work researchers. An analysis is presented of an increasing body of cases in which allegations have been made and violations of legal and ethical research standards have been substantiated. Case examples illustrate that fields closely related to social work are developing their own set of case experiences of scientific misconduct. Implications for faculty and curriculum development are explored. The authors make recommendations toward the prevention and resolution of potential or actual instances of scientific misconduct in social work research.

Spatial resolution of body surface potential maps and magnetic field maps: a simulation study applied to the identification of ventricular pre-excitation sites.

The spatial resolution of body surface potential maps (BSPMs) and magnetic field maps (MFMs) is investigated by means of an anatomically accurate computer model of the human ventricular myocardium. BSPMs and MFMs are calculated for the simulated activation sequences initiated at 35 pre-excitation sites located along the atrioventricular (AV) ring of the epicardium. Changes in the BSPMs and MFMs corresponding to different pre-excitation sites are quantified in terms of the correlation coefficient r. The spatial resolution (selectivity) for a given pre-excitation site is defined as the half-distance between those neighbouring locations at which morphological features of maps, in terms of r, become distinct (r < 0.95). It is found that, at 28 ms after the onset of pre-excitation and with no noise added, this distance +/- SD, for all sites along the AV ring for the 117-lead BSPMs, is 0.83 +/- 0.32 cm, and for the 64-lead and 128-lead MFMs it is 1.54 +/- 0.84 cm and 1.15 +/- 0.43 cm, respectively. The findings suggest that, when features of non-invasively recorded electrocardiographic and magnetocardiographic map patterns are used for identifying accessory pathways in patients suffering from WPW syndrome, BSPMs are likely to provide more detailed information for guiding the ablative treatment than MFMs. For some sites MFMs provide more information. Both modalities may provide additional assistance to the cardiologist in locating the site of the accessory pathway.

An Economical, Digital Meter for Gypsum Soil Moisture Blocks

AbstractMost meters for soil moisture blocks are designed for use with relatively moist soils. This paper describes a meter that utilizes a frequency output proportional to block resistance and that is usable over a relatively wide range of soil moisture. Advantages of this meter are digital display, easy and reliable operation, low power drain, and simple economical design. It is stable with changes in temperature, lead length to sensors, and battery voltage. The meter functions satisfactorily with several types of commercially available gypsum blocks and provides good resolution of matric water potential in the range of −0.06 to −1.5 MPa.

Tidal friction. The effect of oceans on the secular variation of the inclination and eccentricity of the Moon's orbit

Procedures of astrodynamics are used to calculate the actual values of the secular variation of the inclination and eccentricity of the Moon's orbit due to ocean tides. The ocean tide data were taken from the resolution of the ocean tide potential into spherical functions[2] based on cotidal maps[1].

Time Resolution of Plasma Potential Using Gridded Electrostatic Analyzers

A system is presented for the time resolution of plasma potential using gridded electrostatic analyzers. The novelty of this method is the separation of consecutive current-energy characteristic curves and their display on a CRT. Using a 20 kHz bias signal, 30–50 consecutive 25 μsec sweeps are displayed on a CRT in a 1 msec time interval. This is sufficient for the study of low frequency plasma fluctuations in transient confinement experiments. Application to the DCX-2 mirror machine is discussed.